• Title/Summary/Keyword: carbamate ion

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Confirmation of carbamate pesticides by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/MS를 이용한 카바메이트계 잔류농약 확인방법)

  • 박준조;금모래;고광춘;박병옥;이성식
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2002
  • A method was developed to separate, detect and qualify aldicarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur in meats and fruits. Experimental beef and fork samples were fortified with 0.05mg/kg of carbamate pesticides for analysis. Carbamate-detected pear by HPLC fluorescence detector(HPLC/FLS) are extracted with acetonitril and refined by solid phase extraction(SPE) filled with aminopropyl-bonded silca, In the following step, the injected materials into LC/MS are analyzed to result in the fact that bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur presents several sorts of fraction ions following with; [M+H]$^{+}$, [M+Na]$^{+}$,[M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$. In addition, ethiofencarb presents [M-SCH$_2$$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion distinctive and aldicarb presents [M+Na]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion which is the most decisive fraction ion for pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur excluding [M+H]$^{+}$ ion. However, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ fraction ion charactering carbamate pesticides are detected most efficiently with fragment voltage 50ev. As a result, for rluantitative analysis, [M+Na]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive ion for detection of aldicarb and [M+H]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive fraction ion for Pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur. Carbaryl-detected pear by HPLC/FLS are analyzed by L/MS and the result shows that [M+H]$^{+}$ and [M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ions charactering carbaryl are detected.ering carbaryl are detected.

Determination of Fermentation Specific Carcinogen, Ethyl Carbamate, in Kimchi (김치에서 발효 식품의 고유 발암원 Ethyl Carbamate 검출)

  • Koh, Eun-Mi;Kwon, Hoon-Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.421-427
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    • 1996
  • Ethyl carbamate is an animal carcinogen and a suspected human carcinogen found in fermented foods and beverages. For the determination of ethyl carbamate in typical Korean diet, an analytical method was established for the food as complex as Kimchi. Kimchi samples collected from various locations in the country were homogenized and extracted four times with ethyl acelate. Following concentration and reconstitution with water, the extract was loaded onto $C_{18}$ column. Fraction containing ethyl carbamate was eluted with methanol, while most of the red pigment of the sample was retained on the column. The eluent was further purified with alumina, followed by Florisil column. The final eluent was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. None of the twenty Kimchi samples showed ethyl carbamate level higher than 4.6 ppb without correction for the recovery. The concentration of ethyl carbamate in Kimchi increased as pH decreased, suggesting fermentation dependent formation of ethyl carbamate.

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Dependence of Ethyl Carbamate Formation on the Fermentation Variables in Korean Traditional Soysauce (재래식 간장의 제조조건이 ethyl carbamate 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • 정현정;권훈정
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 1997
  • Ethyl carbamate is an animal carcinogen and a by-product of fermentation. Since the highest level of ethyl carbamate was found in a traditional soy sauce sample in the previous study, soysauce was prepared in varying experimental conditions with three kinds of meju originated from different area of the country to investigate the factors affecting ethyl carbamate formation. The sample analysis methods included a semi-purification with solid-phase extraction and detection by GC-MS at SIM mode using m/z 62 fragment ion. Among the investigated factors, which includes source meju, bringing length, salt content, irradiation of visible light during bringing or storage, and storage length, source meju and storage length showed most profound effect on the formation of ethyl carbamate. Irradiation of visible light for 12 hours a day during storage lowered the concentration of ethyl carbamate compared to the soysauce kept in the dark. Meanwhile irradiation during the bringing as well as the degree of salt contents showed no effect.

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Exposure to Ethyl Carbamate by Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages Imported in Korea

  • Hong, Kwon-Pyo;Kang, Yoon-Seok;Jung, Dong-Chae;Park, Sae-Rom;Yoon, Ji-Ho;Lee, Sung-Yong;Ko, Yong-Seok;Kim, So-Hee;Ha, Sang-Do;Park, Sang-Kyu;Bae, Dong-Ho
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.975-980
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    • 2007
  • Determination of ethyl carbamate content in imported alcoholic beverages in Korea and an exposure assessment were conducted. In gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring (GC/MS/SIM) analysis, 2.5-39, 8-263, 6.3-112, 11.3-23.5, 53-94, 8.5-38.5, 7-9.5, 21.3-31.5, 5-832.5, and $10.5-364.8\;{\mu}g/L$ of ethyl carbamate were detected in imported beers, sakes, whiskies, vodkas, Chinese liquors, cognacs, tequilas, rums, liqueurs, and wines, respectively. The exposure assessment indicated that the exposure of Korean adults to ethyl carbamate were lower than 20 ng/kg BW per day, (the virtual safe dose) indicating that the amount of ethyl carbamate exposed through fermented food and alcoholic beverages including imported products are currently in the 'no significant risk level'. However, the present low exposure to ethyl carbamate through the imported alcoholic products was not due to the low contents of ethyl carbamate in imported products, but low consumption of the imported products. Therefore, given increasing importation of alcoholic beverages in Korea, reductions of ethyl carbamate content in imported alcoholic beverages, especially non-distilled products, should be required by regulating limits on the ethyl carbamate content in the imported alcoholic beverages.

Estimation of Korean Adult's Daily Intake of Ethyl Carbamate through Korean Commercial Alcoholic Beverages Based on the Monitoring

  • Ha, Mi-Sun;Hu, Soo-Jung;Park, Hee-Ra;Lee, Hyo-Min;Kwon, Ki-Sung;Han, Eun-Mee;Kim, Kyung-Mi;Ko, Eun-Jung;Ha, Sang-Do;Bae, Dong-Ho
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.112-116
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    • 2006
  • Levels of ethyl carbamate, by-product produced naturally during fermentation, in Korean alcoholic beverages were determined by Gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion mode (GC/MS/SIM), and their daily intake by Korean adult group was estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis 0.8-10.1, 0.5-0.8, 0.4-0.9, 3.5-689.9, 8.4-30.3, 13.9-30.0, and 1.7-11.7 ppb of ethyl carbamate were detected in soju, beer, takju, fruit wine, cheongju, whiskey, and grape wine, respectively. Maximum daily exposure of ethyl carbamate through alcoholic beverage consumption was 7.41 ng/kg body weight/day for average Korean male, with one soju brand and two fruit wine brands showing high ethyl carbamate level.

Hofmann Rearrangement by Using N-bromophthalimide-Silveracetate in DMF

  • Park, Min-Soo;Choi, Chang-Uk
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.152-154
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    • 1993
  • By using N-bromophthalimide (NBP) as halonium ion source for the Hofmann rearrangement, a series of primary amide could be ocnverted to the corresponding cabamate in excellent yields. So NBP was throught to be very effective and practical halonium ion source for the Hofmann rearrangement.

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Optically Active Intermediate from the Degradation of (-)-Laudanosine, a Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, with Ethyl Chloroformate

  • Dong-Ung Lee;W. Wiegrebe
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.373-376
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    • 1991
  • Degradation of (-)-laudanosine, a 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, with ethyl chloroformate (ECF) afforded an optically active chloro-carbamate as an intermediate. The reason why this intermediate exhibits an optical activity was investigated by comparison with the reactions of some model compounds with ECF. It may be supposed that the chloride group in a hypothetic carbenium ion intermediate stands very closely to the chiral center, so conserving optical activity. However, a neighboring group effect can not be excluded.

Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor-Based Multienzyme Sensor for Alternative Detection of Mercury ions, Cyanide, and Pesticide

  • Vyacheslav, Volotovskky;Kim, Nam-Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.373-377
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    • 2003
  • Various groups of industrial and agricultural pollutants (heavy metal ions, cyanides, and pesticides) can be detected by enzymes. Since heavy metal ions inhibit urease, cyanides inhibit peroxidase, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides inhibit butyrylcholinesterase, these enzymes were co-immobilized into a bovine serum albumin gel on the surface of an ion-sensitive field effect transistor to create a bioprobe that is sensitive to the compounds mentioned above. The sensitivity of the present sensor towards KCN corresponded to $1\;\mu\textrm{M}$ with 1 min of incubation time. The detection limits for Hg(II) ions and the pesticide carbofuran were 0.1 and $0.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively, when a 10 min sensor incubation time in contaminated samples was chosen. The total time for determining the concentrations of all species mentioned did not exceed 20 min.

FTIR Analysis of the Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Ammonium Carbamate(AC) (요소와 암모니움 카바메이트 수용액의 FTIR 분석)

  • Byun, Hong-Sik
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.657-661
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    • 1994
  • A method to analyse the concentration of mixture (AC/urea) and the concentration of urea or AC alone was developed. In this study, the decomposition of AC solution to ammonium bicarbonate was suppressed by using of 15% w/v ammonia as a solvent and the error of equilibrium point was maintained less than 1 %. Strong peaks at $1600cm^{-1}$ for urea and at $1405cm^{-1}$ for AC, corresponding to the N-H bending and symmetric carboxylate ion stretch were used to construct calibration graph and equations for the measurement of concentration. The errors of calculated concentration were ${\pm}0.1%$ w/v for AC and ${\pm}0.3%$ w/v for urea.

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Synthesis of Novel N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)arylsulfonamides as Selective HDAC Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Agents

  • Kim, Jungsu;Chun, Pusoon;Moon, Hyung Ryong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.1487-1493
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    • 2013
  • Based on the finding that the 2-aminobenzamido group of MS-275 plays a crucial role in inhibiting HDACs through chelation of zinc existing at the active site of HDAC enzymes, novel N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)arylsulfonamide derivatives were synthesized for their potential ability to inhibit HDACs and evaluated for anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Although the synthesized arylsulfonamides have failed to significantly inhibit total HDACs activity, phenyl carbamate-linked arylsulfonamide 10 and benzyl thiocarbamate-linked arylsulfonamide 15 exhibited good anticancer activities, which were only 4.3- and 3.6-fold lower anticancer activities, respectively, than MS-275 that is undergoing phase II clinical trials. These results suggest that these compounds may act as a selective HDAC inhibitor and probably N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) sulfamoyl group may play an important role in interacting with HDAC enzymes through chelation of zinc ion.