• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.963-969
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• 2005

Many reports have stated that some of the pathogenic bacteria can obtain iron from ferroproteins, such as cytochrome C, ferritin, hemin, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. These reports prompted us to determine if an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans, can utilize ferroproteins to circumvent the iron-regulatory effect of transferrin. The following assays were carried out to measure in vitro growth stimulation by the ferroproteins: as an initial step, C. albicans was cultured in iron-free (pretreated with apotransferrin for 24h) culture medium. Once Candida albicans yeast cell growth reached stasis from iron starvation, individual ferroproteins were added to the culture media. Results showed that hemin, hemoglobin, and myoglobin supported a partial growth recovery. Additional studies with haptoglobin, a serum protein that interacts with the globin moiety of certain ferroproteins, established that C. albicans could obtain iron from the haptoglobin-ferroprotein complexes. These data indicate that the heme part of the ferroproteins is the source of iron. This implies that heme oxygenase, CaHMX1 might be involved in bringing about dissociation of heme-containing protein for iron-acquisition. In addition, anticandidal activity of transferrin takes place not only by the process of iron regulation, but also by direct interaction with the yeast cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.690-695
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to dedicate to get the objectivity of herbal medicine treatments by choosing herbs likely to work as antifungal agents against Candida albicans which is the causes of Candida vaginitis, making experiments on them and getting the significant results. Each herb's efficacy on control the number of Candida vaginitis is noticed by using Disk Susceptibility test with six herbs medicine and Broth dilution assay of the culture. Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts experimented on the efficiency of antifungal activities against Candida albicans by disk susceptibility test. Pulsatillae Radix has the strongest efficiency. In Dictamni Radicis Cortex never appeared antifungal effect on treatment. MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) in vitro antifungal agents of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts against Candida albicans was determined by broth dilution assay. MIC against Candida albicans is that Pulsatillae Radix is 2.5 mg/ml and Cinamon Ramulus is 5 mg/ml and Paeoniae Radix is 10 mg/ml and Artemisiae Capillaries Herba is 40 mg/ml.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 2008

Fungal infections of the spine are relatively uncommon. Moreover, cervical spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans in non-immunocompromised patient is very rare. We report a case of Candida spondylodiscitis in a 64-year-old woman who complained of neck pain. The clinical feature and treatment option are presented with a review of pertinent literatures.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2011

Antimicrobial studies on reproductive organs have been scarcely reported. Candida albicans and Neisseria gonorrhoea test to find out the natural substances of various concentrations in the antimicrobial experiments have been made. Antimicrobial effect of biopole as the natural compound biosynthesis matter that contain anti-inflammatory material, catechin polyphenols and lactic acid as a single natural substance on C. albicans were of great significance. Also the results of antimicrobial effects of biopole, catechin and lactic acid as a single natural substance on N. gonorrhoea, respectively, showed lower concentration than those of the antimicrobial effects on C. albicans. Through the survival of Lactobacillus acidofillus that acts for the protection of the genital tissue the importance of lactic acid was confirmed. Lactobacillus acidofillus protection and C. albicans firmly into disinfected to low concentrations of the natural mixture from biopole and catechin with lactic acid were found and the antimicrobial effects of this natural mixture on N. gonorrhoea were perfect. C. albicans and N. gonorrhoea to disinfect the optimal natural mixture from 2% concentration biopole, 0.2% concentration of catechin and 2% lactic acid were obtained. Through the survival of Lactobacillus acidofillus in the reproductive organs protectable effects were acquired to prevent the infections of reproductive tissue and the recurrence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2023

The prevalence of candidiasis, a contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality, has sharply increased globally over the last two decades. Candida albicans can cause serious infections in patients with weak immunity and in recipients of prolonged antibiotic treatment. Consequently, rapid and accurate identification of species can play an important role in the treatment of candidiasis. Here, we investigated the positive rate and infection trend of C. albicans according to age, specimen type, and sex using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction-based testing of samples collected for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in Korea between 2018 and 2020. When the type of specimen collected was a swab, the positive rate of C. albicans was higher among younger women, and tended to decrease with age. Analysis of swab samples revealed higher positive rates than urinalysis. The reduction trend in positive rates by age was comparable between the overall samples and urine specimens. Among male patients, the positive rate did not differ substantially across the various types of specimens collected. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of non-albicans Candida species than C. albicans in clinical specimens, and exclusion of the former from our analysis may be a limitation of this study. However, our findings contribute significantly to the literature because globally, there is a paucity of epidemiological studies using molecular techniques to detect C. albicans in sexually transmitted disease test samples.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and plays a role in the host defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, we investigated the function of IL-33 and its receptor in in vitro macrophage responses to Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate that pre-sensitization of isolated peritoneal macrophages with IL-33 enhanced their pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity in response to C. albicans. These macrophage activities were entirely dependent on the ST2-MyD88 signaling pathway. In addition, pre-sensitization with IL-33 also increased ROS production and the subsequent killing ability of macrophages following C. albicans challenge. These results indicate that IL-33 may increase anti-fungal activity against Candida through macrophage-mediated resistance mechanisms.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 1996

For the research of antifungal active constituents from natural products, 226 plants were extracted with ether and methanol, separately, and screened antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Penicillium avellaneum cells. The results demonstrated that 30 samlpes showed antifungal activity in ether or methanol extracts and 17 samples in ether extracts and 20 samples in methanol extracts against C. albicans. Against P. avellaneum, 19 samlpes showed antifungal activity in ether or methanol extracts and 17 samples in ether extracts and 11 samples in methanol extracts, respectively. The antifungal activity of natural products against C. albicans were showed more sensitive than P. avellaneum, and the polarity of the solvent was not specific in antifungal activity.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2015

PURPOSE. Xerostomia can diminish the quality of life, leads to changes in normal chemical composition of saliva and oral microbiata, and increases the risk for opportunistic infections, such as Candida albicans. Various artificial salivas have been considered for patients with xerostomia. However, the knowledge on the antifungal and antiadhesive activity of artificial saliva substitutes is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate influence of two artificial salivas on the adhesion of Candida albicans to the polymethylmethacrylate disc specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commercial artificial salivas (Saliva Orthana and Biotene Oral Balance Gel) were selected. 45 polymethylmethacrylate disc specimens were prepared and randomly allocated into 3 groups; Saliva Orthana, Biotene-Oral Balance gel and distilled water. Specimens were stored in the artificial saliva or in the sterile distilled water for 60 minutes at $37^{\circ}C$. Then they were exposed to yeast suspensions including Candida albicans. Yeast cells were counted using ${\times}40$ magnification under a light microscope and data were analysed. RESULTS. Analysis of data indicated statistically significant difference in adhesion of Candida albicans among all experimental groups (P=.000). Findings indicated that Saliva Orthana had higher adhesion scores than the Biotene Oral Balance gel and distilled water (P<.05). CONCLUSION. In comparison of Saliva Orthana, the use of Biotene Oral Balance Gel including lysozyme, lactoferrin and peroxidase may be an appropriate treatment method to prevent of adhesion of Candida albicans and related infections in patients with xerostomia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10933-10935
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• 2015

Background: Many scientists have reported Candida species to be of great concern because of the high frequency that they colonize and infect human hosts, particularly cancer patients. Moreover, in the last decades Candida species have developed resistance to many antifungal agents. Based on this, we aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of Candida spp from blood culture bottles among cancer patients and their antifungal resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: From the blood culture bottles isolation and identification of the Candida spp were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The in vitro antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by CLSI guidelines. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified. Each gene was separated by agar gel electrophoresis. Results: Identification of Candida spp was based on the presence of yeast cells in direct examination, culture and DNA extraction. Of the 68 blood samples collected during the study period (April 2013 to October 2013), five (7.35%) were positive for the presence of Candida spp, 2 (40%) of which were identified as Candida albicans and 3 (60%) were Candida non-albicans. Conclusions: High resistance to amphotricin B was observed among all the Candida non-albicans isolates. Regular investigations into antifungal resistance will help us to get an updated knowledge about their antibiotic resistance pattern which may help the physician in selecting the antibiotics for empirical therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) plays a role in recognition of the AUG codon in conjunction with translation factor eIF2, and promotes joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit. To see whether the eIF5B proteins of other organisms function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we cloned the corresponding genes from Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aspergillus nidulans and Candida albican and expressed them under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL promoter in the $fun12{\Delta}$ strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of Candida albicans eIF5B complemented the slow-growth phenotype of the $fun12{\Delta}$ strain, but that of Aspergillus nidulance did not, despite the fact that its protein was expressed better than that of Candida albicans. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein was also not functional in Saccharomyces. These results reveal that the eIF5B in Candida albicans has a close functional relationship with that of Sacharomyces cerevisiae, as also shown by a phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the eIF5Bs.