• 치위생과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 천연항균제인 Citrex와 대표적인 치과영역의 항균물질로 사용되어 오고 있는 CPC를 복합적으로 처방하고 사용감이 좋은 양치액을 개발하기 위해 정밀구강검사를 통하여 특이한 구강질환이 없는 41명을 대상으로 하여 양치액의 기포 형성능력에서 사용감에 이르기까지 6개 항목의 관능평가와 개량 구강환경관리능력지수(M-PHP)를 평가하였으며, 또한 구강질환유발 미생물 Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans을 대상으로 항균 효능평가를 수행하고 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 복합 양치액의 관능평가는 비교적 우수하게 나타났으며, 특히 사용감이 좋고 수렴감이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. Citrex와 CPC 복합처방 양치액의 구강질환 유발 미생물에 대한 효능은 분명하였으며, 이들 미생물 3종에 대한 항균효과는 Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans 순이었다. 3. 복합 처방된 양치액에 의한 5일간 M-PHP 변화는 첫째날 대조군과 실험군에서 약간의 차이는 인정되었으나, 이후 4일 동안 두 그룹간의 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.909-912
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• 2005

In the course of screening for selective growth inhibitors against the mycelial form of Candida albicans, we isolated a Streptomyces sp. A6792 from soils. The inhibitor was isolated from the above bacterium and identified through several spectral analyses with UV and mass spectrophotometries, and various NMR. The compound was determined to be a macrocyclic dilactone antibiotic, IKD-8344 (molecular weight: 844, molecular formula: $C_{48}H_{76}O_{12}$). The compound selectively inhibited the growth of mycelial form of C. albicans with an MIC of 6.25 ${\mu}g/ml$. It also exhibited strong inhibitory effect preferentially on the mycelial form of various Candida spp. including C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae, with MICs ranging from 1.56 to 25 ${\mu}g$/ml. Furthermore, the compound showed no significant toxicity against SPF ICR mice up to 60 mg/kg. These results suggest that IKD-8344 is a useful lead compound for the development of novel antifungal agents, based on the preferential growth inhibition against Candida spp.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1978

The growing behavior of Candida albicans in various concentration of glucose and corticosteroid media was studied with the method of modified hanging slide culture. The strains of Candida albicans used in this study were obtained from vaginal swab from outpatients and were isolated from cultured colonies on Sabouraud's glucose agar media. To detect the budding rate of blastospore, the diluted suspension of Candida albicans in normal saline were inoculated into various concentration of glucose (Gl, G2, G3, G4), corticosteroid (S1, S2, S3, S4) and corticosteroid with 10% pepton broth (D1, D2, D3, D4) respectively and cultured at room temperature $(22{\sim}25^{\circ}C)$. The number of budding of blastospore were counted under the high power field of light microscope (400X) at specific time interval, e.g, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hours after inoculation. The results are as following: 1. The most effective budding rate was seen in G4 media (1.25% glucose) in 18 hours aft inoculation (89%). 2. The budding rate in Sabouraud's glucose broth with various concentration of dexamethasone added, was not significantly different from that of simple Sabouraud's glucose broth within 18 hours after inoculation, but there was statistically. significant difference in two budding rate at 24 hours observation. 3. The budding rate in 10% pepton broth media with various concentration of dexamethasone was almost same budding rate in control group, which is normal saline and 10% pepton broth, except on 2 and 24 hours results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.613-617
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• 1998

The Chsl, Chs2, and Chs3 activities of a pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans, perform the same biochemical reactions, but exert different functions. Therefore, the determination of each enzyme activity is important. The three chitin synthases differ in their optimal pH and the effect of divalent cations as either stimulatory or inhibitory factors. The CAChsl, CAChs2, and CAChs3 activities are optimal at pH 7.5, 6.5, and 8.5, respectively. $Co^{2+} stimulates CAChsl and CAChs3, but inhibits CAChs2. $Ni^{2＋}$ inhibits CAChsl and CAChs2 with little effect on CAChs3. $Mg^{2＋}$ stimulates CAChs2 and CAChs3, but hardly affects CAChsl. These characteristics are similar to those of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymes except in degree. The sensitivity against $Ni^{2＋}$ of CAChsl is higher than that of CAChs2, whereas the reverse is true in S. cerevisiae. Metal dependence of chitin synthases in C. albicans is less marked than that in S. cerevisiae, except for CAChs2. The activities of CAChsl and CAChs3 from EDTA-treated membranes were increased 1.5 fold, while that of CAChs2 was stimulated 7 fold in the presence of divalent cations. These results could provide new criteria for screening systems of antifungal agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.868-871
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• 2004

Candida albicans has become the most important human pathogen in immunocompromised patients. One important feature of the pathogenicity in C. albicans is the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae. Previously, we reported that lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) suppressed the hyphal transition through the MAP kinase pathway (Min et al., 2001). Therefore, it should be useful to examine the unknown genes involved in the MAP kinase pathway. As a way to identify target genes of Lyso-PC in hyphal suppression, this present study exploited two-dimensional electrophoresis. It was revealed that Lyso-PC suppressed expression of Phr1p and Pra1p, surface proteins involved in the morphogenesis.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.119-121
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• 2006

키토산및 올리고키토산의 C. albicans과 T. rubrum에 대한 항 진균작용에 대하여 조사하였다. 키토산은 C. albicans과 T. rubrum에 대하여 항 진균 효과를 나타내었으나 올리고키토산은 두 균주에 대한 성장억제를 나타내지 않았다. 키토산의 항 진균 양상은 살 진균 적 활성을 나타내었다. 키토산의 apoptosis유도에 대한 조사를 위하여 phosphatidylserine의 세포막 외부로의 노출을 FITC-Annexin 반응을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험결과 키토산은 C. albicans의 세포에 대하여 apoptosis를 유도하는 것을 보여주었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2006

Statement of problem. Proliferation of Candida albicans is primarily within the plaque on the fitting surface of the denture rather than on the inflamed mucosa. Consequently, the treatment of the denture is equally important as treatment of the tissue. Cleansing and disinfection should be efficiently carried-out as the organisms can penetrate into the voids of the acrylic resin and grow in them, from which they can continue to infect and reinfect bearing tissues. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of photocatalytic reaction to eliminate Candida albicans from acrylic resin denture base, and to investigate the anti-fungal effect with various UVA illumination time. Materials and Methods. The specimens were cured by the conventional method following the manufacturer's instruction using thermal polymerized denture base resin (Vertex RS: Dentimex, Netherlands). $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT), which is able to be coated at normal temperature, was made from the Ti-alkoxide progenitor. The XRD patterns, TEM images and nitrogen absorption ability of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) were compared with the commercial $TiO_2$ photocatalyst P-25. The experimental specimens were coated with the mixture of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) and binder material (silane) using dip-coater, and uncoated resin plates were used as the control group. Crystallinity of $TiO_2$ of the specimen was tested by the XRD. Size, shape and chemical compositions were also analyzed using the FE-SEM/ EDS. The angle and methylene blue degradation efsciency were measured for evaluating the photocatalytic activity of the $TiO_2$ film. Finally, the antifungal activity of the specimen was tested. Candida albicans KCTC 7629(1 ml, initial concentration $10^5$ cells/ ml) were applied to the experiment and control group specimens and subsequently two UVA light source with 10W, 353 nm peak emission were illuminated to the specimens from 15cm above. The extracted $2{\mu}l$ of sample was plated on nutrient agar plate ($Bacto^{TM}$ Brain Heart Infusion; BD, USA) with 10 minute intervals for 120 minute, respectively. It was incubated for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and the colony forming units (CFUs) were then counted. Results. Compared the characteristics of LT photocatalyst with commercial P-25 photocatalyst, LT were shown higher activity than P-25. The LT coated experimental specimen surface had anatase crystal form, less than 20 nm of particle size and wide specific surface area. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of specimens, methylene blue degradation reaction were used and about 5% of degradation rate were measured after 2 hours. The average contact angle was less than $20^{\circ}$ indicating that the LT photocatalyst had hydrophilicity. In the antifungal activity test for Candida albicans, 0% survival rate were measured within 30 minute after irradiation of UVA light. Conclusion. From the results reported above, it is concluded that the UVA-LT photocatalytic reaction have an antifungal effect on the denture surface Candida albicans, and so that could be applicable to the clinical use as a cleaning method.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.167-167
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• 1996

A series of 6-[(N-Halophenyl)amino] -7-Bromo-5,8-quinolinediones (BQs) newly synthesized were tested for antifungal activities, in vitro, against Candida sp., Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The MIC values were determined by the twofold dilution method. Among these derivatives, BQ4 and 7 showed more potent antifungal activities than fluconazole and ketoconazole. BQ 4 and 7 were compared with fluconazole in the treatment of established systemic infections with Candida albicans in normal rats. Intraperitoneally administered BQs for 7 days and 14 days reduced Candida albicans colony count in kidneys and livers as well as fluconazole. The therapeutic potential of BQs has been assessed by evaluating their activities (survival rate) against systemic infections in normal mice with Candida albicans. These compounds, particularly showed activities comparable with fluconazole. BQ4 and 7 had about EO$\_$50/, 0.05, 0.06mg/kg but fluconazole had ED$\_$50/, 6.0mg/kg respectively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1975

These studies were carried out the observation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans in vitro and also detected to the cytoplasmic changes of polymorphonuclear leukocyte during phagocytosis by the method of electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In normal polymorphonuclear leukocyte, nuclear lobes showed a preponderance of dense, granular chromatin located peripherally. The cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocyte was not extensive; the cytoplasmic matrix was moderate dense and of a granular appearance. Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum system was poorly developed. But a various type of granules were seen abundantly. 2. After 30 minutes of incubation, Candida albicans was completely engulfed. These had come to lie in the vacuole which was limited by the membrane. 3. After 90 minutes of incubation, the phagocytic vacuoles were larger, and many granules devoid of membranes were seen within them. Though the granules has lost their membrane after entering the vacuoles. 4. After 2 hours of incubation, the cytoplamsic components of polymorphonuclear leuko cytes were changed their original morphology.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against Candida albicans was examined under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The GSE was extracted in ethanol. In-vitro results from an agar diffusion susceptibility assay showed the GSE inhibited C. albicans growth. This anticandidal effect was at dose-dependency. In experiments with animals, mice that received the GSE (0.5 mg per mice), intravenously (i.v.), before i.v.-infection wish viable C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than diluent (buffer)-received control mice. In contrast, when GSE was given to mice after the mice were infected with the yeast cells, these mice showed a similar survival rate as compared to control mice that received no treatment with the GSE. Taken together, these data indicate that GSE has prophylactic effect but not therapeutic effect against disseminated candidiasis.