• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7055-7059
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• 2014

Artemisia, as one of the largest genera in the tribe Anthemideae of the Asteraceae comprises an important part of Iranian flora. While cytotoxic and apoptotic properties have already been reported for some species of the genus there is not any report on cytotoxic effects of A. ciniformis. Petroleum ether (40-60), dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and ethanol-water (50:50) extracts of the aerial parts of A. cinformis were subjected to cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluations on two cancer human cell lines (K562 and HL-60) and on J774 normal cells. Among multiple extracts evaluated for cytotoxicity, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts were shown to possess the highest anti-proliferative effects on HL-60 and K562 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 31.3 and $25.5{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Apoptosis induction verified by sub-G1 peaks was seen in flow cytometry histograms. Increase in the amount of Bax protein, formation of DNA fragments, and cleavage of PARP to 24 and 89kDa sub units all confirmed induction of apoptosis by A. cinformis extracts. Taken together according to the result of the present study some extracts of A. cinformis could be considered as sources for natural cytotoxic compounds and further mechanistic and phytochemical studies are recommended to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of cnacer cell death as well as identification of responsible phytochemicals.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2018

This study aimed to compare the performance of previous optimization algorithms against new a photon optimizer (PO) algorithm for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer were retrospectively selected and planned to receive 78 Gy in 39 fractions of the planning target volume (PTV). All plans for each patient optimized with the dose volume optimizer (DVO) and progressive resolution optimizer (PRO) algorithms for IMRT and VMAT were compared against plans optimized with the PO within Eclipse version 13.7. No interactive action was performed during optimization. Dosimetric and radiobiological indices for the PTV and organs at risk were analyzed. The monitor units (MU) per plan were recorded. Based on the plan quality for the target coverage, prostate IMRT and VMAT plans using the PO showed an improvement over DVO and PRO. In addition, the PO generally showed improvement in the tumor control probability for the PTV and normal tissue control probability for the rectum. From a technical perspective, the PO generated IMRT treatment plans with fewer MUs than DVO, whereas it produced slightly more MUs in the VMAT plan, compared with PRO. The PO showed over potentiality of DVO and PRO whenever available, although it led to more MUs in VMAT than PRO. Therefore, the PO has become the preferred choice for planning prostate IMRT and VMAT at our institution.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2021

Objectives This study is to review the effectiveness of exercise after lung cancer surgery. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in PubMed database. The systematic review was conducted through flow diagram. The risk of biases were assessed through the Cochrane guideline. Characteristics and outcomes were extracted from each study. Meta-analyses of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), quality of life (QoL), pulmonary complications were conducted. Results 14 RCTs were selected. In meta-analysis, exercise improved FEV1 (mean difference [MD] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.25; p=0.009; I2=55%) and mean change of FEV1 (MD 0.11; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20; p=0.02; I2=0%). Exercise increased the distance of 6MWT, but there was considerable heterogeneity (MD 45; 95% CI 21.16 to 68.83; p=0.0002, I2=89%). There was no differences in QoL scores by 2 questionnaires (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire, short form-36). Exercise reduced the duration of hospital stay (MD -3.32; 95% CI -5.27 to -1.36; I2=0%; 2 studies) but not duration of chest tube intubation (MD -1.37; 95% CI -2.81 to 0.06; I2=0%) and incidence of pulmonary complications (pooled risk ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.30; I2=0%). Conclusions Exercise might reduce the duration of hospital stay after lung surgery. There was not enough evidence to prove improvement of lung function, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, QoL, and decline of pulmonary complications. Low-quality risk of bias, different units or estimation of outcome, different exercise type and duration, heterogeneity among studies make the evidence of effectiveness weak. Future researches are required to redeem these defects.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the extracellular microenvironment. Despite the significant role that MMP activity plays in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, migration, and differentiation, analyses of MMPs in vitro and in vivo have relied upon their abundance using conventional immunoassays, rather than their enzymatic activities. To resolve this issue, diverse nanoprobes have emerged and proven useful as effective activity-based detection tools. Here, we review the recent advances in luminescent nanoprobes and their applications in in vitro diagnosis and in vivo imaging of MMP activity. Nanoprobes with the purpose of sensing MMP activity consist of recognition and detection units, which include MMP-specific substrates and luminescent (fluorescent or bioluminescent) nanoparticles, respectively. With further research into improvement of the optical performance, it is anticipated that luminescent nanoprobes will have great potential for the study of the functional roles of proteases in cancer biology and nanomedicine. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(6): 313-318]

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2006년도 Principles and Practice of Microarray for Biomedical Researchers
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• pp.125-126
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• 2006

NimbleGen has developed strategies to use its high-density oligonucleotide microarray platform (385,000 probes per array) to map both promoter binding sites and copy number variation at very high-resolution in the human genome. Here we describe a genome-wide map of active promoters determined by experimentally locating the sites of transcription imitation complex binding throughout the human genome using microarrays combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation. This map defines 10,567 active promoters corresponding to 6,763 known genes and at least 1,196 un-annotated transcriptional units. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is animportant research tool for investigating chromosomal aberrations frequently associated with complex diseases such as cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, and congenital developmental disorders. NimbleGen array CGH is an ultra-high resolution (0.5-50 Kb) oligo array platform that can be used to detect amplifications and deletions and map the associated breakpoints on the whole-genome level or with custom fine-tiling arrays. For whole-genome array CGH, probes are tiled through genic and intergenic regions with a median probe spacing of 6 Kb, which provides a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of the genome.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 자궁경부암의 치료를 위한 전산화단층촬영(computer tomography)영상을 이용한 3차원 근접치료계획의 유용성을 알고자 하였다. 10명의 자궁경부암 환자에서 2차원 근접치료계획을 시행하였고, 동일 자세로 전산화단층촬영을 시행하였다. 3차원 근접치료계획 프로그램(ECLIPSE treatment planning system v6.5, Varian Medical System, USA)를 이용하였으며, 고위험임상표적체적(High risk CTV, HR CTV)에 5 Gy를 처방하였다. 3차원 근접치료계획의 제한은 적어도 고위험임상표적체적의 90%에 처방선량인 5 Gy가 조사되도록, 방광의 $2cm^3$에 7.5 Gy 미만으로 들어가도록 그리고 직장의 $2cm^3$에 5 Gy 미만이 들어가도록 하였다. 계획의 평가는 선량체적표(dose-volume histograms; DVHs)를 이용하여 육안적종양체적(Gross tumor volume for brachytherapy; $GTV_B$), 고위험임상표적체적, 직장과 방광에 조사되는 선량을 구하였다. 크기가 큰 종양이나 자궁의 위치이상이 있는 환자에서 Point A에 처방한 2차원 근접치료계획을 하였을 경우에는 고위험임상표적체적이 충분히 포함되지 않았다. 그러나 3차원 근접치료계획은 이러한 환자들에서 직장이나 방광의 선량을 증가시키지 않고 고위험임상표적체적을 잘 포함할 수 있었다. 2차원 근접치료계획에서 높은 선량부터 $2cm^3$에 들어가는 직장선량은 10명 중 1명에서, $2cm^3$에 들어가는 방광선량은 6명에서 5 Gy를 넘었으므로 ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units) 방광선량이 직장선량에 비해 과소평가됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 자궁경부암 환자에서 전산화단층촬영 이용한 3차원 근접치료계획은 종양과 위험장기에 대한 선량평가가 가능하므로, 직장과 방광의 부작용을 증가시키지 않으면서 크기가 큰 종양이나 자궁의 위치이상이 있는 환자에서 위치 설정의 오류를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6949-6953
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• 2013

Background: Nowadays, the encapsulation of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is attracting interest as a method for drug delivery. We hypothesized that the efficiency of helenalin might be maximized by encapsulation in ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Helenalin, with a hydrophobic structure obtained from flowers of Arnica chamissonis and Arnica Montana, has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity but low water solubility and bioavailability. ${\beta}$-Cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide comprising seven D-glucopyranoside units, linked through 1,4-glycosidic bonds. Materials and Methods: To test our hypothesis, we prepared ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes to determine their inhibitory effects on telomerase gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and cytotoxic effects by colorimetric cell viability (MTT) assay. Results: MTT assay showed that not only ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin has no cytotoxic effect on its own but also it demonstrated that ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes inhibited the growth of the T47D breast cancer cell line in a time and dose-dependent manner. Our q-PCR results showed that the expression of telomerase gene was effectively reduced as the concentration of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes increased. Conclusions: ${\beta}$-Cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes exerted cytotoxic effects on T47D cells through down-regulation of telomerase expression and by enhancing Helenalin uptake by cells. Therefore, ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin could be superior carrier for this kind of hydrophobic agent.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

Purpose: Radiotherapy of the neck is known to cause carotid artery stenosis. We compared the carotid artery dose received between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and conventional fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans in patients with early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one early glottic cancer patients who previously underwent definitive radiotherapy were selected for this study. For each patient, double arc VMAT, 8-field IMRT, 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), and lateral parallel-opposed photon field radiotherapy (LPRT) plans were created. The 3DCRT plan was generated using lateral parallel-opposed photon fields plus an anterior photon field. VMAT and IMRT treatment plan optimization was performed under standardized conditions to obtain adequate target volume coverage and spare the carotid artery. Dose-volume specifications for the VMAT, IMRT, 3DCRT, and LPRT plans were calculated with radiotherapy planning system. Monitor units (MUs) and delivery time were measured to evaluate treatment efficiency. Results: Target volume coverage and homogeneity results were comparable between VMAT and IMRT; however, VMAT was superior to IMRT for carotid artery dose sparing. The mean dose to the carotid arteries in double arc VMAT was reduced by 6.8% compared to fixed-field IMRT (p < 0.001). The MUs for VMAT and IMRT were not significantly different (p = 0.089). VMAT allowed an approximately two-fold reduction in treatment delivery time in comparison to IMRT (3 to 5 minutes vs. 5 to 10 minutes). Conclusion: VMAT resulted in a lower carotid artery dose compared to conventional fixed-field IMRT, and maintained good target coverage in patients with early glottic cancer.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2024

식도암 방사선치료에서 폐렴 등의 방사선치료 부작용을 줄이고 정상장기를 보호하기 위하여 Full Arc와 Partial Arc를 이용한 동일평면 체적 조절 호형 방사선치료와 비동일평면 체적 조절 호형 방사선치료의 치료계획을 비교 분석하여 주변 정상 조직의 선량 차이를 평가하였다. 동시 항암 화학 방사선요법을 받은 환자 30명의 식도암 환자를 대상으로 fVMAT(2 Full Arc), pVMAT(4 Partial Arc), ncVMAT(2 Partial Arc + 2 Non-Coplanar Arc) 세 가지 치료계획의 PTV와 폐, 심장, 척수, Total MU를 비교하였다. 모든 치료계획이 PTV의 대한 조건을 충족하고 균일한 분포를 보였으며 심장의 평균선량은 fVMAT, pVMAT, ncVMAT 각각 5.8 Gy, 6.97 Gy, 7.60 Gy이었고 척수의 최대선량은 36.85 Gy, 42.51 Gy, 43.08 Gy로 fVMAT가 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 통계적으로 유의했다. 그러나 폐의 평균선량은 각각 9.01 Gy, 7.71 Gy, 7.12 Gy이었고 V_5Gy는 52.22%, 38.61,%, 36.35%이며 V_10Gy은 37.79%, 27.33%, 24.15%로 ncVMAT가 가장 낮은 값을, fVMAT가 가장 높은 값을 보였고 통계적으로 유의했다. 따라서 ncVMAT는 식도암 방사선치료에서 폐의 선량 분포를 최소화하고 폐렴과 같은 부작용 발생률을 낮추는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 Non-Coplanar Beam을 사용함으로써 셋업의 정확성과 치료 시간 증가 등을 고려하여 각 상황에 맞춰 적절한 치료계획을 적용함으로써 보다 나은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study active surveillance culture for ICU patients, in whom the risk of VRE infection was high were conducted, and through this the VRE colonization rate and the characteristics of the colonization were examined and risk factors involved in VRE colonization and acquisition were analyzed. Method: This research was performed with 635 patients admitted to ICU between July 1 and December 31, 2006. Results: On admission to ICU, the VRE colonization rate was 2.36%, 93% identified from active surveillance culture. The VRE colonization rate was significantly higher in those patients with cancer (OR=9.43; 95% CI=1.38${\sim}$62.50; P=.022), liver cirrhosis (OR=55.5; 95% CI=7.29${\sim}$500; P=.005), transferred from other hospitals (OR=200; 95% CI=22.73${\sim}$1000; P=.000), high APACHE II score (OR=1.107; 95% CI=1.010${\sim}$1.213; P=.029), or antibiotics within the last 3 months (OR=15.87; 95% CI=2.27${\sim}$111.11; P=.005). The VRE acquisition rate was 5.2%. It was significantly higher in those who were using a ventilator (OR=26.31; 95% CI=5.13${\sim}$142.86; P=.000), three or more kinds of antibiotics during admission (OR=58.82; 95% CI=16.13${\sim}$200; P=.000), or high APACHE II score (OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.08${\sim}$ 1.24; P=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study show that active surveillance culture can detect VRE colonization on admission to ICU and those who have acquired VRE in ICU. The analyzed VRE colonization and risk factors of VRE acquisition are expected to be useful in establishing guidelines for preventing VRE infection in ICU.