• 제목/요약/키워드: cancer risk factors

검색결과 1,500건 처리시간 0.03초

대기오염에 의한 폐장조직 손상 -연구방향의 설정을 위한 논의- (Human Lung Insults due Air Pollutant -A Review for Priority Setting in the Research-)

  • 김건열;백도명
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.95-110
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    • 1992
  • Much progress has been made in understanding the subcellular events of the human lung injuries after acute exposure to environmental air pollutants. Host of those events represent oxidative damages mediated by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxy, free radical. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) was found to be endogenously produced by endothelial cells and cells of the reticulo-endothelial system as endothelialderived relaxation factor (EDRF) which is a vasoactive and neurotransmitter substance. Together with superoxide, NO can form another strong oxidant, peroxonitrite. The relative importance of exogenous sources of $N0/N0_2$ and endogenous production of NO by the EDRF producing enzymes in the oxidative stresses to the heman lung has to be elucidated. The exact events leading to chronic irreversible damage are still yet to be known. From chronic exposure to oxidant gases, progressive epithelial and interstitial damages develop. Type I epithelial cells become thicker and cover a smaller average alveolar surface area while thee II cells proliferate instead. Under acute damages, the extent of loss of the alveolar epithelial cell lining, especially type II cells appears to be a good predictor of the ensuing irreversible damage to alveolar compartment. Interstitial matrix undergo remodeling during chronic exposure with increased collagen fibers and interstitial fibroblasts. However, Inany of these changes can be reversed after cessation of exposure. Among chronic lung injuries, genetic damages and repair responses received particular attention in view of the known increased lung cancer risks from exposure to several air pollutants. Heavy metals from foundry emission, automobile traffics, and total suspended particulate, especially polycystic aromatic hydrocarbons have been positively linked with the development of lung cancer. Asbestos in another air pollutant with known risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma, but asbestos fibers are nonauthentic in most bioassays. Studies using the electron spin resonance spin trapping method show that the presence of iron in asbestos accelerates the production of the hydroxy, radical in vitro. Interactions of these reactive oxygen species with particular cellular components and disruption of cell defense mechanisms still await further studies to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of asbestos fibers of different size and chemical composition. The distribution of inhaled pollutants and the magnitude of their eventual effects on the respiratory tract are determined by pollutant-independent physical factors such as anatomy of the respiratory tract and level and pattern of breathing, as well as by pollutant-specific phyco-chemical factors such as the reactivity, solubility, and diffusivity of the foreign gas in mucus, blood and tissue. Many of these individual factors determining dose can be quantified in vitro. However, mathematical models based on these factors should be validated for its integrity by using data from intact human lungs.

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대구시(大邱市) 기혼(旣婚) 여성(女性)의 자궁경부암(子宮頸部癌) 유병률(有病率)과 그 관련요인(關聯要因) (Cytologic Screening for Cervical Cancer and Factors Related to Cervical Cancer)

  • 전용재;이치영;천병렬;감신;예민해
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.428-440
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    • 1991
  • 자궁경부암의 유병율을 추정하고 그와 관련된 위험요인을 조사하기 위하여 1984년 3월부터 1990년 12월까지 대구시 일 개 보건소에서 기혼여성 5,417명을 대상으로 실시한 자궁경부 세포학적 검사결과는 다음과 같다. 총 검진자수 5,417명 중에서 정상이 3,817명 (70.46%), 양성 비정상(염증)이 1,542명 (28.74%), 이형증이 51명(0.94%), 상피내암 및 침윤암이 7명 (0.13%)이였다. 이형증 이상의 이상소견율은 인구 10만명당 1,070명이었다. 이들을 더 세분하면 이형증은 인구 10만명당 940명, 상피내암 및 침윤암은 인구 10만명당 130명으로 나타났다. 대구시 인구를 표준인구로 하여 연령을 교정한 성적은 인구 10만명당 850명으로 추정되었다. 이상소견율은 연령이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하는 경향이 있었다(p<0.05). 결혼연령과 세포학적 검사결과 이상소견율과의 관계는 결혼연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록 이상소견율이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 자녀수와 이상소견율은 유의한 관계가 아니었고, 인공유산과 임신회수는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보였다 (p<0.05). 연령의 영향을 조정하기 위하여 연령을 층화한 후의 결혼연령은 자궁경부암과 유의한 관련성이 있었다(p<0.05). 그러나 교육수준, 자녀수, 인공유산, 임신회수는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 자궁경부의 염증상태와 유두종 바이러스는 교차비 (Odds ratio)는 각각 13.48(95% 신뢰구간 $7.80{\sim}23.40$), 474.29 (95% 신뢰구간 $196.80{\sim}1143.10$)로 자궁경부암과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 이상의 결과 자궁경부암을 조기발견하기 위해서는 집단세포 검진이 필요하며, 특히 자궁경부의 염증을 자주 호소하는 여성들과 결혼연령이 20세 이전인 조혼 여성들은 25세이상이 되면 자궁경부암에 대한 정기적인 검진을 받도록 해야 할 것이다.요인은 아파트(6.6%)나 단독주택(6.2%)에 사는 아동보다 상가건물(14.0%)에 사는 아동이 심하게 매맞은 율이 높았고(P=0.018) 자기집(6.3%)에서 사는 아동보다 세들어 사는 아동(8.4%)이 심하게 매맞은 율이 높았다(p=0.05). 부모가 맞벌이 하는 아동(9.1%)과 부모 모두 직업이 없는 아동(20.7%)이 심한 매를 맞은 율이 아버지(5.1%)나 어머니(4.5%)만 직업이 있는 아동보다 높았다(p=0.006). 가족 중 질병을 앓는 가족이 있는 아동(80.8%)이 질병을 앓는 가족이 없는 아동(71.4%)보다 매맞은 율이 높았고(p=0.001), 부모사이에 다투는 빈도가 높을수록 구타발생률이 높았다(p=0.000). 아버지의 직업이 전문직일 때 매를 맞지 않은 비율(39.4%)이 전체(26.9%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.01).5mg/m^3$였으나, 작업환경 개선조치 후 각각 $0.216mg/m^3,\;0.208mg/m^3$로 감소되었고, 제II부서는 $0.232mg/m^3$였는데 개선조치후 $0.148mg/m^3,\;0.120mg/m^3$였으며, 작업환경 개선 조치후 측정한 제III부서는 1988년 1월, 8월에 각각 $0.124mg/m^3,\;0.091mg/m^3$였고 제IV부서(이동부서)는 1988년 8월에 $0.110mg/m^3$로 III, IV부서가 I, II부서에 비해 낮았다. 각 부서별 비교에서 A군과 B군의 혈중 연농도는 공기중 연농도와 비례하지 않는 결과를 보여 작업환경이 제일 나쁜 제 I부서에서 오히려 혈중 연농도가 낮고 작업환경이 좋은 제III부서에서 더 급격히 혈중 연농도가 증가하였다. C군은 제 I부서의 혈중 연농도가 제일 높았고 이동부서인 제IV부서에서 제일 낮아 공기중 연농도와 혈중 연농도 사이에 일정한 관련성을 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 연취급

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액와 림프절에 전이된 유방암 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료 및 항암 약물 요법의 치료 성적 (Treatment Results of Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients with Positive Axillary Nodes)

  • 신현수;서창옥
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.265-276
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    • 2000
  • 목적 : 1983년부터 1988년 사이에 유방암으로 진단받고 근치적 유방절제술을 시행한 환자로써 조직학적으로 액와림프절 전이가 확인된 218명의 환자에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료 및 항암약물치료를 시행하였으며 이들 환자를 대상으로 한 치료 결과를 후향적 연구를 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상환자는 3개 군으로 분류하였는데, 1군은 항암약물치료 단독으로 치료한 80명의 환자가 포함되었고 2군은 방사선치료 단독으로 치료한 52명을 포함하였으며 3군은 방사선치료 및 항암약물치료를 병용하여 치료한 86명의 환자를 포함하였다. 이들의 평균 연령은 44세, 27$\~$70세의 연령분포를 보였으며 추적관찰 기간의 중앙값은 51개월이었다. 결과 : 7년 무병생존율 및 전체생존율은 각각 56$\%$와 67$\%$이었으며, 각 치료군에 따른 생존율은 1군에서는 50$\%$와 56$\%$, 2군은 51$\%$와 65$\%$, 3군은 62$\%$와 75$\%$이었다. 국소재발율은 13$\%$이었으며 원격전이율은 33$\%$ 이었다. 방사선치료가 포함되었던 2군과 3군에서는 국소재발 위험이 낮았으나(p<0.05) 원격전이율의 차이는 없었다. 단변량분석에서 무병 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자로서는 액와 림프절 양성 비율이었으며 전체생존율에 있어서는 원발 병소 크기, 액와 림프절 전이 개수 및 양성 비율, 병기가 관련있는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 다변량분석에서는 치료방법만이 의미있는 예후인자임을 알 수 있었다. 전체 치료실패율과 원격전이율에 영향을 주는 예후인자는 액와 림프절 양성 비율이었으며 국소재발율은 치료방법이 의미있는 예후인자임을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 결론적으로 이러한 결과는 폐경전 환자, 액와 림프절 전이 개수가 4개 이상이거나 양성 비율이 1/3이상인 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료가 시행된 경우 국소재발율을 감소시킨다는 사실을 보여주고 있다. 또한 종양의 크기가 2$\~$5 cm, IIB 병기 및 액와 림프절 전이 개수가 4개 이상이거나 양성 비율이 1/3이상인 환자에서 수술후 보조적 치료로써 방사선치료/항암약물치료 병용요법이 가장 효과적인 치료방법임을 알 수 있었다.

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만성간질환 위험요인에 대한 코호트연구: 잠재적 발병자 집단을 감안한 분석전략 (A Cohort Study on Risk Factors for Chronic Liver Disease: Analytic Strategies Excluding Potentially Incident Subjects)

  • 김대성;김동현;배종면;신명희;안윤옥;이무송
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.452-458
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    • 1999
  • 연구자들은 만성간질환의 코호트연구에서 잠재적 발병자 집단이 포함되어 있을 때 분석 결과의 비뚤림을 평가하고 적절한 분석전략을 제안하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 1993년 현재 서울코호트로 구축된 14,529명을 대상으로 4년 6개월 동안 만성간질환 발생을 파악하였다. 의료보험공단의 수진내역 및 해당 의무기록 조사, 암등록사업자료 및 통계청 사망원인통계자료와의 연계를 통하여 총 102명에서 간질환이 발생하였다. 대상 코호트를 간질환의 잠재적 발병자 집단은 기초조사 자료에서 B형간염 표면할원 양성인 경우, 혈청 간효소인 GPT(ALT)가 40 이상으로 증가된 경우, 또는 설문조사 결과 간질환을 앓았거나 현재 앓고 있는 대상자로 정의하였으며 총 2,217명이었다. Cox의 회귀분석모형으로 전체 코호트 대상자, 잠재적 발병자 집단 및 기타 대상자 7,305명에 대하여 각각 위험요인을 파악하였으며, 각 분석결과를 비교하였다. 전체 대상자 및 잠재적 발병자 집단에 대한 분석결과는 대체적으로 일치하며, 표면항원 양성, 높은 간효소치, 급성간염 과거력, 최근 금연, 금주 등이 유의한 위험요인이었으며, 식이 측면에서는 돼지고기, 커피 등이 보호요인으로 관찰되었다. 한편 잠재군에서는 비만도가 높을 경우 위험도가 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 잠재적 발병자 집단을 제외한 코호트 대상자 분석에서는 상이한 양상이 관찰되었는데 체질량지표의 경우 비만도가 높은 집단에서 발생 위험도가 4배 정도로 증가하였다(p<0.10). 그러나 금주나 금연 등은 무관하였으며, 생간(生肝) 섭취, 가공생선 및 된장찌개의 섭취 빈도가 위험도를 증가시켰다. 한편 표면항원 양성, 높은 간효소치, 급성간염 과거력 등은 다른 대상자의 분석결과가 유사하였다. 이상의 결과에서 잠재적 발병자 집단을 포함할 경우, 질병의 결과로 변화하는 생활습관이 해당 질병의 위험요인으로 파악될 가능성이 있었으며, 특히 금연, 금주 및 비만도 등이었다. 즉 연구자들은 만성적 경과를 밟아 진행되며 임상적으로 확인되는 질병에 대한 코호트 연구에서 잠재적 발병자 집단을 감안하지 않을 경우 발생하는 비뚤림의 가능성을 실증적으로 평가하였다. 4년 6개월간의 추적조사기간 동안 102명의 만성간질환 발병 예를 확인하였지만 잠재적 발병자 집단을 제외한 분석이 타당하며, 이들에서는 19명의 환자만이 발생하였다. 만성간질환의 위험요인에 대한 유용하고도 정밀한 연구결과를 도출하기 위해서는 향후 추적조사기간을 연장하여 충분한 발병 예를 확보할 필요가 있다.

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Community-Based Health Education and Communication Model Development for Opisthorchiasis Prevention in a High Risk Area, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

  • Promthet, Paitoon;Kessomboon, Pattapong;Promthet, Supannee
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권17호
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    • pp.7789-7794
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    • 2015
  • Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community-based health education and communication programme on reducing liver fluke infections caused by the consumption of uncooked fish among people in a high-risk area of Thailand. Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental in nature, with three-stages. Stage 1 involved a situational and capacity analysis of designated communities in Khon Kaen province. This was followed by the development of a model for community-based health education and communication to prevent liver fluke infections among high-risk people, and, lastly, implementation and evaluation of the model were performed. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 390 people were surveyed, and quasi-experimental and comparison groups, each with 90 people, were assessed between May 2011 and April 2012. Analysis was using statistical OR, 95 % CI, the Willcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings showed that most respondents had a high level of knowledge and understanding of liver fluke disease (89.5%, 95% CI:86.0-92.4), and positive attitudes toward the prevention of the disease (94.4%, 95% CI:91.6-96.4). However, with regard to changes in consumption of uncooked fish, most respondents were still in the pre-contemplation phase (55.1%, 95% CI:50.0-60.1), followed by the contemplation phase, 22.6%. Furthermore, four factors were found to be associated with the consumption of uncooked fish - the consumption of alcohol (OR 4.16, 95% CI:1.79-9.65), gender (OR 3.17, 95% CI:1.53-6.54), smoking (OR 3.03, 95% CI:1.31-7.05), and age 40 years and above (OR 2.68, 95% CI:1.02-7.05). After nine months of the health education and communication programme using local media based on local wisdom, culture and persons, the results showed that, compared to the control group, members of the experimental group had a higher level of knowledge, a better attitude and lower levels of ill-advised consumption behaviour. Also, it was found that consumption of uncooked fish, by an assessment of the level of stage of change, was reduced. (p-value 0.002). Conclusions: The health education and communication programme developed as part of the study was effective in changing the consumption of uncooked fish. Therefore, this approach should be promoted in other high-risk areas in Thailand in the future.

제주지역 노인의 담낭결석 유병률 및 위험요인 (Gallstones Risk Factor and Prevalence in the Elderly in Jeju Island)

  • 심현선;최준락;박재진;이수연;이지민;정홍량;임청환;김정구
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2009
  • 배경/목적 : 담낭결석은 담도계의 가장 흔한 질환이며 급성복통을 유발하는 질환이다. 담낭결석으로 인한 담낭염이 자주 발생하고 담낭암의 발생 가능성이 높아진다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회의 담낭결석 유병률과 위험요인을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 2008년 7월 한 달 동안 제주도 10곳에서 60세 이상 노인의 남자 297명, 여자 529명 총 826명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 신장, 체중을 측정하고 혈액검사와 상복부초음파 검사를 시행하였다. 통계학적 검증은 T-test, chi-square test로 검정하여 p < 0.05 이하일 경우 유의한 결과로 판정하였다. 결 과 : 담낭결석 유병률은 5.9%(49/826명)이었다. 남성은 6.1%, 여성은 5.8%로 남성이 여성보다 1.03배 높게 나타났다. 연령별로는 $70{\sim}74$세에서 8.0%로 가장 높은 유병률을 보였다. 담낭결석 집단에서 과체중 이상이 69.3%로 높게 나타났으며, 집단 간의 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.047). 결 론 : 연령의 증가에 따라 담낭결석의 발생률이 높게 나타났다. 비만은 담낭결석 위험요인으로 나타났으며 적절한 체중 관리와 식이조절을 한다면 어느 정도 담낭결석 발생을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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Evaluation of Malignancy Risk of Ampullary Tumors Detected by Endoscopy Using 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT

  • Pei-Ju Chuang;Hsiu-Po Wang;Yu-Wen Tien;Wei-Shan Chin;Min-Shu Hsieh;Chieh-Chang Chen;Tzu-Chan Hong;Chi-Lun Ko;Yen-Wen Wu;Mei-Fang Cheng
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.243-256
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    • 2024
  • Objective: We aimed to investigate whether 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) can aid in evaluating the risk of malignancy in ampullary tumors detected by endoscopy. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed 155 patients (79 male, 76 female; mean age, 65.7 ± 12.7 years) receiving 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for endoscopy-detected ampullary tumors 5-87 days (median, 7 days) after the diagnostic endoscopy between June 2007 and December 2020. The final diagnosis was made based on histopathological findings. The PET imaging parameters were compared with clinical data and endoscopic features. A model to predict the risk of malignancy, based on PET, endoscopy, and clinical findings, was generated and validated using multivariable logistic regression analysis and an additional bootstrapping method. The final model was compared with standard endoscopy for the diagnosis of ampullary cancer using the DeLong test. Results: The mean tumor size was 17.1 ± 7.7 mm. Sixty-four (41.3%) tumors were benign, and 91 (58.7%) were malignant. Univariable analysis found that ampullary neoplasms with a blood-pool corrected peak standardized uptake value in earlyphase scan (SUVe) ≥ 1.7 were more likely to be malignant (odds ratio [OR], 16.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.13-36.18; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified the presence of jaundice (adjusted OR [aOR], 4.89; 95% CI, 1.80-13.33; P = 0.002), malignant traits in endoscopy (aOR, 6.80; 95% CI, 2.41-19.20; P < 0.001), SUVe ≥ 1.7 in PET (aOR, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.00-14.72; P < 0.001), and PET-detected nodal disease (aOR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.16-21.86; P = 0.041) as independent predictors of malignancy. The model combining these four factors predicted ampullary cancers better than endoscopic diagnosis alone (area under the curve [AUC] and 95% CI: 0.925 [0.874-0.956] vs. 0.815 [0.732-0.873], P < 0.001). The model demonstrated an AUC of 0.921 (95% CI, 0.816-0.967) in candidates for endoscopic papillectomy. Conclusion: Adding 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT to endoscopy can improve the diagnosis of ampullary cancer and may help refine therapeutic decision-making, particularly when contemplating endoscopic papillectomy.

제2기 위암에서 3 Subgroup간의 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis of Three Subgroups in Stage II Stomach Cancer)

  • 서병선;김병식;김용호;육정환;오성태;김완수;박건춘
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.32-37
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    • 2001
  • Purpose: Three subgroups of stage II stomach cancer (T1N2M0, T2N1M0, T3N0M0) by UICC-TNM staging system show obvious survival difference to each other, which becomes the pitfall of the current staging system. We analyzed the survival and relapse pattern of stage II stomach cancer patients in three subgroups retrospectively to prove the need for change in staging system. Materials and Methods: From July 1989 to December 1995, curative gastric resection was performed in 1,037 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, and among them 268 patients ($26\%$) were in stage II. The number in each of subgroups (T1N2M0, T2N1M0, and T3N0M0) were 17, 139 and 112 respectively. Survival and relapse pattern were analyzed and median follow up period was 46 months. Results: The 3-year cumulative survival rates of T1N2M0, T2N1M0, and T3N0M0 were $50\%,\;80\%,\;and\;76\%$ respectively (p=0.001). And the 3-year cumulative survival rates of T1N2M0 was comparable to those of 2 subgroups of stage IIIa (T2N2M0, T3N1M0), $47\%\;and\;45\%$ (p>0.05). Peritoneal recurrence was the most frequent in T3N0M0. And hematogenous spread was more frequent in T2N1M0 while nodal spread was more frequent in T1N2M0. Ten out of 17 cases of T1N2M0 died of recurrence. Most of them showed submucosal tumor with depressed lesion and mean tumor size was 3.3 cm. Conclusions: Up-staging of T1N2M0 should be considered because it has the lowest survival rate and the worst prognosis among the three subgroups of Stage II stomach cancer patients. In early gastric cancer patients with high-risk factors (large tumor size, invasion into the submucosal layer, and lymphatic vessel involvement), lymph node dissection and postoperative adjuvant therapy is recommended in an attempt to prevent recurrence in the form of lymph node metastasis.

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Long-Term Survival of Women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with ≥10 Involved Lymph Nodes at Diagnosis

  • Zeichner, Simon Blechman;Cavalcante, Ludimila;Suciu, Gabriel Pius;Ruiz, Ana Lourdes;Hirzel, Alicia;Krill-Jackson, Elisa
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권8호
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    • pp.3435-3441
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    • 2014
  • Background: Axillary lymph node status at diagnosis remains the strongest predictor of long-term survival in breast cancer. Patients with more than ten axillary lymph nodes at diagnosis have a poor long-term survival. In this single institutional study, we set out to evaluate the prognosis of this high-risk group in the era of multimodality therapy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we looked at all breast cancer patients with greater than ten axillary lymph nodes diagnosed at Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC) from January 1st 1990 to December 31st 2007 (n=161). In the univariate analysis, descriptive frequencies, median survival, and 5- and 10-year survival rates were estimated for common prognostic factors. A multivariate prognostic analysis for time-to-event data, using the extended Cox regression model was carried out. Results: With a median and mean follow-up of 70 and 89.9 months, respectively, the overall median survival was estimated to be 99 months. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 59.3% and the ten-year DFS was 37.9%, whereas the five- and ten-year overall survival (OS) was 66.6% and 43.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant improvement in DFS among black patients compared to whites (p=0.05), improved DFS and OS among young patients (ages 21-45) compared to elderly patients (age greater than 70) (p=0.00176, p=0.0034, respectively), and improved DFS and OS among patients whose tumors were ER positive (p=0.049, p=0.0034). Conclusions: In this single institution study of patients with greater than 10 positive axillary nodes, black patients had a significantly improved DFS compared with white patients. Young age and ER tumor positivity was associated with improved outcomes. Using multivariate analysis, there were no other variables associated with statistically significant improvements in DFS or OS including date of diagnosis. Further work is needed to improve breast cancer survival in this subgroup of patients.

Study of Relationship Between Illness Perception and Delay in Seeking Help for Breast Cancer Patients Based on Leventhal's Self-Regulation Model

  • Attari, Seyedeh Maryam;Ozgoli, Giti;Solhi, Mahnaz;Majd, Hamid Alavi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권sup3호
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2016
  • One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients is delay in seeking help. Leventhal's self-regulation model provides an appropriate framework to assess delay in seeking help. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between "illness perception" and "help seeking delay" in breast cancer patients based on Leventhal's self-regulation model. In this correlational descriptive study with convenience sampling conducted in 2013, participants were 120 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed in the last year and referred to chemotherapy and radiotherapy centers in Rasht, Iran. Data collection scales included demographic data, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)and a researcher made questionnaire to measure the delay in seeking help. Pre-hospital delay (help seeking delay) was evaluated in 3 phases (assessment, disease, behavior). The data were analyzed using SPSS-19. The mean (SD) age calculated for the patients was $47.3{\pm}10.2$. Some 43% of the patients had a high school or higher education level and 82% were married. The "pre-hospital delay" was reported ${\geq}3months$. Logistic regression analysis showed that none of the illness perception components were correlated with appraisal and behavioral delay phases. In the illness delay phase, "time line" (p-value =0.04) and "risk factors"(p-value=0.03) had significant effects on reducing and "psychological attributions" had significant effects on increasing the delay (p-value =0.01). "Illness coherence" was correlated with decreased pre-hospital patient delay (p-value<0.01). Women's perceptions of breast cancer influences delay in seeking help. In addition to verifying the validity of Leventhal's self-regulation model in explaining delay in seeking help, the results signify the importance of the "illness delay phase" (decision to seek help) and educational interventions-counseling for women in the community.