• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.663-672
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• 2013

To characterize the nutraceutical property of Italian millet (Setaria italica) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), ten Korean landraces of each crop were collected and their vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) contents as well as fatty acid composition in seeds were evaluated. Italian millet seeds exhibited 5 forms of vitamin E isomers: three (${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-) tocopherols and two (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-) tocotrienols, while sorghum seeds showed only three forms of vitamin E isomers: ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\alpha}$-tocotrienol. In both crops, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was the major constituent of vitamin E in terms of highest quantity. Total vitamin E content in Italian millet and sorghum landraces were 88.3 mg/kg and 44.3 mg/kg, respectively. Among three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) analyzed, ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major form comprising about 85% and 65% in Italian millet and sorghum landraces, respectively. Total phytosterols content ranged from 443.0 to 568.5 mg/kg and 442.3 to 719.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and sorghum, respectively. Squalene, a precursor of phytosterols biosynthesis, ranged from 6.8 to 10.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and from 62.2 to 115.2 mg/kg in sorghum. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids in both of the crops and about 80% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. Among the tested landraces, M09 and S10 showed relatively higher proportion of phytonutrients, suggesting their potential as a gene source for further breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 1992

Sterols in mayonnaise were determined by the gas liquid chromatographic(GLC) analysis using two different columns, packed column(silicone SE30) and fused silica capillary column(CBPl). Four kinds of sterol(cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$) were detected in mayonnaise. The method using capillary column proved to be superior in rapidity, reproducerbility and separability for the determination of sterols. The ranges of concentration of egg york in mayonnaise predicted from cholesterol content using packed and capillary columns were $2.69{\sim}7.11%\;and\;2.42{\sim}6.08%$, respectively. Analyzing the composition of campesterol, stigmasterol and (${\beta}-sitosterol$ in mayonnaise, it could be known that soybean oil and cottonseed oil are commonly used for the manufacture of mayonnaise.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

Recent consumption of germinated brown rice is increasing due to its health-beneficial effects. To clarify germination-dependent changes in functional compound contents, 5 different types of (ordinary, glutinous, green-kerneled, red-colored and black-colored) rices were selected and their pre- and post-germination content changes in vitamin E (${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-tocopherols$ and ${\alpha}-$, ${\gamma}-$, ${\delta}-tocotrienols$), squalene, and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol) were evaluated. In the case of vitamin E isomer contents, germination generally resulted in decreasing tendency around 10% in most isomers as well as in total tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in all types of rices. In the case of squalene, significant increase could be observed in glutinous rice (by 31%), while other types of rices exhibited no changes or slight reduction by germination. Regarding stigmasterol contents, all tested types of germinated brown rice exhibited significant increment by 19 to 27% compared to nongerminated cases, except for green colored-rice which showed statistically not significant 5% increment. No changes or slight reductions, however, could be observed in campesterol and sitosterol, as well as in total phytosterol contents. As a conclusion, most of tested pharmaceutical compounds exhibited statistically not significant changes except for stigmasterol which were increased by the germination process.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2003

Response surface methodology was used for monitoring and optimizing the extraction conditions of campesterol, stigmasterol, ${\beta}$ -sitosterol, and total sterols from the safflower seed. The conditions of phytosterol extraction were optimized by using central composite design with the temperature(35∼75$^{\circ}C$, X$_1$), the time (1∼11hr, X$_2$), and the preheating temperature(60∼100$^{\circ}C$, X$_3$) as three variables. The extraction conditions for maximum campesterol content were 59.01$^{\circ}C$(X$_1$), 2.88hr(X$_2$), and 75.04$^{\circ}C$(X$_3$). But stigmasterol, ${\beta}$ -sitosterol and total sterols were not significantly different under designed extraction condition in this study. Besides, oil was extracted from safflower seed at various conditions and yields were 23.44% at 35$^{\circ}C$ and 20.05% at 80$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Total tocopherol content increased from 0.172% to 0.207% as the extraction temperature increased from 35$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$. A structured lipids(SL) was synthesized enzymatically by extracted safflower oil and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA). After 24hr reaction, 31.79 mol% CLA was incorporated into the extracted safflower oil.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1099-1102
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1973

Five steroids $(campesterol,\;stigmasterol,\;{\beta}-sitosterol,\;{\alpha}-spinasterol\;and\;stigmast-7-enol)$ were isolated as mixture from $Siegesbeckia\;pubescens\;M_{AKINO}$ and analyzed by mass spectrometry.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1990

The underground parts of foso rugoso(Rosaceae) , which have been used as an antidiabetic in the folk medicines of Korea, lowered the blood pressure inthe normal rat . And from the chloroform soluble fraction, euscaphic acid wasisolated with $\beta$ -sitosterol and campesterol .

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1983

There has been no specific test available for identifying the sesame oil among common edible oils. As the contents of sesamin and the ratio of sterols allowed the estimation for the genuine sesame oil, the author investigated to establish some instrumental methods for verification of genuine sesame oil and its distribution in the market. The sesame oil was saponified and the sesamin and sterols were isolated from the unsaponiable fraction by Florisil column chromatography. The individual components were determined by gas- chromatography and sesamin standard (purified sesamin) was obtained by silicagel column chromatography. The gas- chromatographic condition using Flame Ionization Detector supported on 10% OV-101 with di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate as an internal standard was suitable, and quantitation of sesamin and sterols, including campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ was carried out. The results of this study showed that contents of sesamin in genuine sesame oil were 0.3-0.5% and the ratio of stigmasterol to compesterol was 0.3-0.6 and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ to campesterol 3.0-3.8. The 50 samples from the markets in Seoul were composed of 70% genuine sesame oil, and others were mixed with palm oil, rape seed oil and soybean oil.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 1977

Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ (Rutaceae) is cultivated in Korea and used as a folkmedicine for gastric inflammation, extermination of noxious insects, headache and antiinflammatory. The seed oil of this plant also has been used in various diseases, for example, dermatitis, scabies and so forth. Fructus Evodiae seed oil sterols were obtained from the nonsaponifiable matters of ethereal extract of the seed. The composition of sterols have been determined by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography on the preparative plates. It was noted that ${\beta}-sitosterol$ was the major sterols in the Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ in Korea. The results showed that contents of Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ sterols were campesterol 14.01%, stigmasterol 4.36%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 71.26%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 9.21% and unknown sterol 1.16% by method of triangulation and campesterol 13.02%, stigmasterol 3.87%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 74.34%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 8.67% and unknown sterol 1.85% by method of planimetry.