• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

The increase in the total number of cows on farms, which breed Korean Native Cattle (KNC), is associated with many problems. In particular, the services per conception and calving interval have increased. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin and mineral complex on the estrus rate, pregnancy rate, gestation length, and birth weight of KNC calves. Multiparous or primiparous KNC were divided into 3 groups with 40 heads per group. Experimental group 1 was administered a consisting of 35,000 IU vitamin A, 100 IU vitamin E, 200 mg $\beta$-carotene, 200 mg Zn methionine, and 1.5 mg Se. Experimental group 2 was administered a vitamin complex (100 g/day) consisting of 100 IU vitamin E and 200 mg $\beta$-carotene. In the case of multiparous KNC, the estrus detection rate in the control group was 90.0% and those in the experimental groups were 75.0% to 95.0%. However, the first-service pregnancy rate after parturition in the control group was 41.2%, which was significantly lower than that in the experimental groups (71.0% to 76.7%; p<0.05). The average duration of pregnancy in the group supplemented with the vitamin complex was days, which was similar to that in the case of the control group. The birth weight of calves from cows fed with vitamin complex was 25.3 to 27.0 kg, which was similar to that in the case of the control group (25.2 to 26.0 kg). In the case of primiparous KNC, no differences in the estrus rate, pregnancy rate, gestation length, or the birth weight of calves were noted between the groups. Thus, dietary supplementation vitamin and mineral complex have no effect on the reproductive efficiency in primiparous cows, but the pregnancy rate was observed to have increased in multiparous KNC with these supplements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2024.01a
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• pp.473-474
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• 2024

대표적인 분만 취약지 중 경상북도와 경상남도, 전라남도의 의료, 교육, 교통, 출산 지원 데이터를 분석하여 '육아가능인구'에게 유용한 정보를 제공하고 저출산과 지역별 육아 인프라 격차에 대한 긍정적인 해결책을 제안하는 것을 목표로 한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.824-830
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• 2003

RPA (Recursive Partition Averaging) method was proposed in order to improve the storage requirement and classification rate of the Memory Based Reasoning. That algorithm worked well in many areas, however, the major drawbacks of RPA are it's pattern averaging mechanism. We propose an adaptive OHC algorithm which uses the FPD(Feature-based Population Densimeter) to increase the classification rate of RPA. The proposed algorithm required only approximately 40% of memory space that is needed in k-NN classifier, and showed a superior classification performance to the RPA. Also, by reducing the number of stored patterns, it showed a excellent results in terms of classification when we compare it to the k-NN.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

Anestrus is one of the most important production limiting disorders in dairy buffaloes and its underlying causes have been a current topic of studies. The objectives of this study were to explore the causes of anestrus in buffaloes with the application of ultrasonography. Two examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography at 12 days apart in buffalo cows that were not seen in oestrus at 60 or more days postpartum. As high as 54.5% buffaloes had silent ovulation and 45.5% suffered from the true anestrus with ovarian dysfunction. The duration of anestrus after calving was 60~90, 91~120, 121~180 and 181~365 days in 27%, 32%, 18% and 23% buffalo cows, respectively. Treatment with prostaglandin of cyclic buffalo cows with a corpus luteum (72.7%) resulted in higher estrous rate as compared with close observation of estrus (23.1%) by the farmer (p=0.021). Acyclic buffalo cows without any corpus luteum on ovaries were successfully treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (70%), resulting in higher estrous detection rate than those treated with a vitamin-mineral mixture (20%) (p=0.035). In conclusion, poor heat detection due to silent ovulation is the most important cause of apparent anoestrus in buffaloes; however the percentage of the true anestrous is also quite high in postpartum buffaloes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine the efficiency of biopsy methods, and the pregnancy rate, calving and abortion rates, gestation length and birth weight of Hanwoo calves following transfer of fresh, frozen and sexed Hanwoo embryos produced in vitro. The survivability of biopsied embryos was 80.0 and 90.0% using aspiration and punching methods at 24 h after culturing, respectively. The ratios of male and female embryos were 42.1 and 52.6%, respectively, and the percentage of sex unidentified was 5.3%. Pregnancy rates was not significantly different between hCG and control group (46.4 vs. 38.5%), fresh and frozen embryos (41.3 vs. 35.0%), and sexed and IVP embryos (27.5 vs. 41.2%) (p>0.05). Calving and abortion rates of IVP and sexed embryos were not significantly different in calving (85.0 vs. 87.0%) and in abortion (15.2 vs. 13.3%) (p<0.05). Gestation length of IVP and sexed calves were 281.3 and 288.2 days in female and 283.0 and 282.3 days in male, and the birth weight of IVP and sexed calves were 23.6 and 25.0 kg in female and 24.6 and 23.8 kg in male, respectively. There were no difference in gestation length and birth weight between IVP embryos and sexed embryos (p>0.05). Administration of hCG to recipients did not improve the pregnancy rate following transfer of Hanwoo embryos produced in vitro and sexed embryos. Although the production of calves derived from sexed Hanweoo embryos cultured in vitro can be obtained, the efficiency of sexed calves production need to be improved in biopsy methods and pregnancy rate. Further study should be focused on the improvement of pregnancy rates for commercial application of embryo transfer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify environmental factors strongly associated with and to estimate genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Japanese Black heifers. Methods: Data included reproduction records of Japanese Black heifers born between 2004 and 2014. First service non-return rate (NRR) to 56 days from first to successful insemination (FS), number of services per conception (IN), age at first calving (AFC) and gestation length were analyzed with the use of the general linear model. Genetic parameters were estimated with the use of the univariate animal model of the residual maximum likelihood. Results: Averages of reproductive traits over eleven years were assessed, and the effects of farm, year, month, artificial insemination technician and interaction of farm×year on the traits were determined. Estimated heritability of FS was very low and that of AFC was higher than that of the other traits. A close genetic relation was observed among NRR, IN, and FS; however, their heritabilities were very low. AFC shows favorable genetic correlation with IN and FS. Conclusion: Low heritabilities of most reproductive traits in Japanese Black heifers are strongly influenced by farm management practices, and that large residual variances make genetic evaluation difficult. Among the reproductive traits, AFC is potentially more useful for genetic improvement of heifer reproductive traits because it has high heritability and favorable genetic correlations with IN and FS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

Forty-two Holstein cows (21 multiparous) were assigned by calving date and parity to three dietary sequences to evaluate the effect of time of initiating fat supplementation to diets on lactation and reproductive performance. The dietary sequences were: 1) control, no supplemental fat from 1 to 98 days in milk (DIM) ; 2) control diet from 1 to 28 DIM then 3% supplemental fat (calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids) from 29 to 98 DIM; or 3) 3% supplemental fat from 1 to 98 DIM. Feeding supplemental fat did not enhance mean milk and 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) yields, but efficiency of FCM production was higher for cows fed supplemental fat. Milk fat percentage was unchanged whereas milk protein percentage was depressed with fat supplementation. Feeding supplemental fat reduced DMI and energy balance but there were no differences among treatments on time to resumption of ovarian cyclicity or conception rate to first service. Concentrations of progesterone during the first two ovulatory cycles tended to be greater in the fat-supplemented groups. Feeding supplemental fat starting at either parturition or 29 DIM increased efficiency of FCM production, but did not greatly enhance reproductive performance.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to examine the reproductive performance of dairy cow at alpine area. 1,515 dairy cows were managemented at above 800m of sea level around the Dea-Gwan Ryeong in Kangweon-Do. The results at this study were as follows ; 1. The average first estrus was 105.0 days after pastruation. 2. The highest percentage ofpregnancy(26.4%) and parturation(27.6%) were obtained at September to November and June to August, respectively. 3. The rate of pregnancy was 61.0%. Pregnancy rates according to insemination times of 1, 2 and 3 were 60.8, 23.5 and 9.8%, respectively and insemination time per pregnancy was 1.64. 4. Ages of first inseminatin, pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 17.9, 18.6 and 27.7 months, respectively. 5. Time of postpartum pregnancy was 133.0 days after parturition, and pregnancy period and calving interval were 279.6 and 410.3 days, respectively. 6. Six ratio of offspring was 52.1% of female versus 47.9% of male, and the proportion of twins was 0.65%. 7. The proportions of normal parturition, stillbirth and abortion were 91.9, 2.2 and 5.9%, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1980

The status of artificial insemination was surveyed by investigating 20796 heads of adult dairy cattle out of 30464 heads at 1649 dairy farms located Seoul and Gyung-Gi and Chung-Cheong province area, and the results are as follows: 1. There were 286 small farms feeding less than 5 heads occupying 17.3% of total farm number, and 1083 medium sized dairy farms feeding between $6{\sim}20$ heads occupying 65.64% and also 280 large dairy farms feeding more than 21 heads occupying 17.06% of total. 2. Population of cow aging from 2 to 6 years were 87.26% and among 20907 heads of dairy cattles which had calved previously 13196 heads had histories of one to four calving 90.40%. 3. The successful conception rate with first A. I. occupied only 53.43% and 92.4% after third A. I. service. The average A. I. frequency for successful conception per/head was 1.8 times. 4. The breeding status was pregnancy 61.72%, uncertain pregnancy 19.39%, and as physiological vacancy 12.48% and reproductive disorders 10.62%. 5. Among 1264 heads of reproductive disorders 856 heads were clue to ovarian diseases and occupied 68.98% of total disorders and uterus diseases 10.64% and repeat breeders occupied 17.64%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1721-1728
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• 2018

Objective: The use of genetic markers can help to enhance reproduction in cattle, which is a very important trait for profitability in dairy production systems. This study evaluated the association between genotypes of leptin (LEP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and chemokine receptor of interleukin 8 C-X-C motif (CXCR1) genes and fertility traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Methods: Phenotypic data from 786 Czech Fleckvieh cows raised on 5 farms in the Czech Republic were used, along with information from the 1st three parities. To determine genotype, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. Results: Except for LEP g.-963C>T, all studied genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two LEP SNPs (g.-963C>T and c.357C>T) were associated with the age at the 1st calving, days open (DO), pregnancy rate after 1st service (PR), and calving interval (CLI). In LEP g.-963C>T the TT genotype heifers firstly calved 24 days earlier than CC genotype and the CT genotype cow showed a tendency for shorter DO and higher PR. In LEP c.357C>T we observed longer CLI and DO period in TT cows. In general, we can propose the TT genotype of g.-963C>T as favorable and the TT genotype of c.357C>T as unfavorable for a cow's fertility. Heterozygotes in TLR4 c.-226C>G were significantly associated with shorter CLI, and presented a nonsignificant tendency to be associated with higher PR. In CXCR1 c.777 C>G, we did not observe any relationship of this SNP with reproduction. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that LEP could be an effective marker for improving reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. This study also provides novel insights into the relationship between TLR4 and CXCR1 SNPs and reproduction in dual-purpose cattle.