• 품질경영학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.44-51
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• 1981

The briquet is made of the coal. The calorie of briquet is 4370 kcal/kg by the law. The combination of coal is important for the manufacturing of briquet. We must know that the Test and Estimation of Calorie is necessary to study. The factory does not make the briquet by the experiment now, but they have made it properly by the experience. We know that the theoritical value of calorie resembles to the practical value of calorie. I think the factory must make a briquet certainly by the experiment. It is a best method for men to prevent from the crisis of briquet gas.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1994

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient intake of college students. This survey was carried out through questionnaires, and the subjects were 498 male and 151 female students at Inha University. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Average height of male and female students were 173.0cm, 160.5cm and the average weight of those were 64.5kg, 49.7kg respectively. 2) Most nutrients were intaken properly but some were under % of RDA. For the male students, the average intake of calorie(91.5%) vitamin A(55.9%) vitamin B1(96.8%) vitamin B2(88.0%) and Ca(96.5%) were lower than RDA. For the female students the average intake of calorie(94.1%) vitamin A(64.6%) Ca(90.3%) and Fe(71.0%) were lower than RDA. 3) The ratio of percent calorie of carbohydrate : protein :fat from total calories in male was 60:16:24 and that of female was 60:17:23 The percent calorie of carbohydrate from total calorie was decreased and taht of fat from total calories was increased compared to the results of previous study.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1993

본 연구는 자연스런 환경에 있는 다수인의 소비에너지를 측정하고자 할 때 보다 간편하면서도 정확하게 소비에너지를 측정 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고, 또 우리나라 여대생의 일일 소비에너지와 비만도에 다른 소비에너지 및 활동강도의 차이를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 여대생 82명을 대상으로 15-min check list와 calorie counter에 의한 두가지 방법으로 3일간의 소비에너지를 측정하여 두 방법에 의해 측정된 소비에너지의 관계를 검토하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 일일의 소비에너지는 15-min check list에 의한 경우가 1963 kcal였고, calorie counter에 의한 경우가 1649kcal로 국내에서 보고된 타 연구결과와 비교해 볼 때 15-min check list에 의한 측정치는 비슷하였으나, calorie counter로 측정할 때에는 실제보다 낮게 측정되는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 두 방법이 모두 신체 계측치와 상관성이 높았고, 또 두 방법사이에 상관도도 매우 높았으므로 calorie counter로 측정한 값을 'DEE by 15-min check list=3.31186+1.18837$\times$DEE by calorie counter' 의 식에 의해 15-min check list값으로 환산해 주면 다수인을 대상으로 측정할 때 보다 간편하면서도 정확하게 소비에너지를 측정해 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 2)상대적 비만도에 따라 세군으로 나누었을 때 소비에너지와 활동강도가 세군에서 유의하게 달랐다. 또 자신의 활동을 15분 단위로 기록하게 한 뒤 활동등급별로 집계한 결과 활동등급 1의 빈도수가 저체중군이나 정상체중군에 비해 과체중군에서 유의하게 높았고 반면 활동등급 3의 경우에는 과체중군이 저체중군에 비 해 유의하게 빈도수가 낮아서 과체중군이 덜 활동적이라고 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

The agricultural water management generally has focused on water resources for crop production but it could be affected by the food consumption pattern. The aim of this study is to estimate virtual water consumption for food consumption and calorie supply using the water footprint and virtual water concept. In addition, we estimated the virtual water requirements for increasing the food and calorie self-sufficiency adjusted by the government for food security. About $330.0m^3/cap/yr$ of virtual water was consumed for the main foods consumption in 1985, and it was increased to $450.0m^3/cap/yr$ in 2010. The rate of virtual water consumption by meats consumption was 28 % in 1985 but it was increased to 54 % in 2010. In other words, the total virtual water consumption by foods consumption was increased from 1985 to 2010 with the high rate of meats consumption. The average $1.29m^3$ of virtual water was consumed for supplying 1 calorie per capita in 2010 but about $10.1m^3/cal$ of virtual water was consumed by only bovine meats consumption. The food self-sufficiency is the main factor for food security in Korea. About $46.5Mm^3$ and $393.9Mm^3$ of virtual water were required in order to increase the food and calorie self-sufficiency of wheat by 1 % individually. This study showed the water consumption was related to food consumption and calorie supply pattern, and these results could be used as the indices for the agricultural water management considering the change of eating habit and food security.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the individual nutrition education for type 2 diabetes who participate the diabetes buffet. The subjects were 66 patients and divided into education (n=34) and control groups (n=32). The mean age of education and control groups were 59.8 and 56.6 years old, respectively. There were no differences in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. Initial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), post prandial plasma glucose (PP2), total plasma cholesterol, and blood pressure were not different between two groups. But fasting blood sugar (FBS) was higher in education group than in control group. On completion of the study, the education group showed significant decreases in body weight, BMI, FBS and PP2, however, the control group showed no changes in body weight, BMI and PP2, and showed a significant increase in FBS. Initial calorie and protein intakes of the education group did not meet the prescribed amount, however, mineral and vitamin intakes were higher than estimated average requirement (EAR). By the end of study, calorie and protein intakes were significantly increased to meet the prescription. In order to evaluate the effect of diet education, awareness of calorie requirement was used as an index of understanding diet prescription. The degree of awareness of calorie requirement was dependent on age: younger patients showed higher awareness than older subjects. The subject who showed better understanding of diet prescription showed lower levels of HbA1c, FBS, and PP2 at the end of the experiment period. The results of this study clearly show that individual diabetes diet education is effective to make the patient understand their diet prescription, and is effective to control body weight and blood sugar level. Awareness of calorie requirement could be used as an index of understanding of prescribed diet. Since age is an important variable to determine the awareness of calorie requirement, different strategies of nutrition education should be developed for different age groups, especially patients over 70 years old.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1991

고지방식이와 총열량섭취 제한식이가 protein kinase C 활성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 기타 양양소 또 총열량섭취가 정확이 조절된 식이를 제조하여 투여해본 결과, protein kinase C의 활성은 본 실험에서 사용한 옥수수유의 양의 증가에 따라 cytosolic과 membrane-associated protein kinase C의 활성을 모두 증가시키는 것을 관찰 하였다. 또한 기타 영양소는 같게 투여하고 열량소만 40% 감소시킨 실험군은 대조군에 비해 양쪽의 protein kinase C가 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

Objectives : The purposes of present study were to identify weight increment in female psychiatric patients during hospitalization and to evaluate the relationship between weight gain and daily calorie intake, daily activity and other variables of disease itself. Methods : 20 patients were studied. Body weight were measured once a week, and daily activity(total amounts of walking/day) and total amount of daily calorie intake were measured twice a week. We examined psychiatric and medical illness history, eating disorders' history and family history of eating disorders and obesity. Results: Mean body weight and Body Mass Index(BMI) at admission are 49.40kg and 19.59kg/$m^2$. Mean weight increment during hospital stays of mean 65 days is 4.90kg. Mean amounts of daily calorie intake and daily activity(daily walks) were increased during hospital stays, but not statistically significant. The degree of weight increment is higher in longer hospital stay group, but not statistically significant. Mean body weight at admission of mood disorder group is higher than that of schizophrenia group, but not statistically significant. Conclusion : This results suggested that weight increment in female psychiatric hospitalized patients is present. However, it is not resulted by amount of calorie intake and daily activity level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-25
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• 1972

Following the previous reports (Part I : For Sea-Divers and Hwa-Jeon-Min; Part II : For male and female Buddhists) Authors have conducted another nutrition survey for the island inhabitants living in Sa Hoo Ri, Goon Oi Myun, Wan Do Goon, Jon Nam Province. The following results were obtained. 1. Cereals, green vegetables and fishes and shell-fishes were major food for the inhabitants, and the amounts of the intakes of these foods were 54%, 28.5%, 5.3% of total intake, respectively. The Calorie derived from carbohydrate occupied approximately 80% of total calorie intaken. 2. The calorie intakes of the inhibitant, were generally lower compared with the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. 3. Protein intake was generally good, but animal protein occupied only 19.4% of total protein intake. 4. Fat intake was very low and the calorie from fat occupied only 6.1% of total calorie intaken. 5. Vitamin A intake was low, and 99.4% of the total Vitamin A intaken consisted of carotene. 6. Vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$ intakes were low, especially Vitamin $B_2$ intake was very low.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to derive a regression equation that predicts the individual differences in activity energy expenditure (AEE) using accelerometer during different types of activity. Two subject groups were recruited separately in time: One is a homogeneous group of 94 healthy young adults with age ranged from $20\sim35$ yrs. The other subject group has a broad spectrum of physical characteristics in terms of age and fat ratio. 226 adolescents and adults of age ranged from $12\sim57$ yrs and fat ratio from $4.1\sim39.7%$ were in the second group. The wireless 3-axis accelerometers were developed and carefully fixed at the waist belt level. Simultaneously the total calorie expenditure was measured by gas analyzer. Each subject performed walking and running at speeds of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 km/hr. A generalized sensor-independent regression equation for AEE was derived. The regression equation was developed fur walking and running. The regression coefficients were predicted as functions of physical factors-age, gender, height, and weight with multivariable regression analysis. The generalized calorie estimation equation predicts AEE with correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the average accuracy of the accumulated calorie was $89.6{\pm}7.9%$.