• Title/Summary/Keyword: calibration equation

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Evaluation of the Potential for the Adulteration Screening of Imported Hay by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (근적외선분광법을 이용한 수입건초의 이물질 혼입판정 가능성 평가)

  • Park, Hyung-Soo;Lee, Hyo-Won;Kim, Ji-Hye;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Jong-Duck
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.183-188
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    • 2014
  • Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to study the potential of adulteration of imported forage. Hay samples were prepared two set ; calibration set and validation one. The former were mixed 12 sets from 100% to 50% with Yangcho (Chinese leymus, leymus chinensis Trin.) and the latter were adulterated with 6 set of 8% to 38% in 5% interval. Mixed materials with Yangcho were rice straw, reed and alfalfa. Stand error of prediction (SEP) in calibration equation for alfalfa, reed and rice straw were 0.97, 0.97 and 0.99 also 0.54, 0.86 and 1.26%. Multiple correlation coefficient ($R^2$) for alfalfa, reed and rice straw were 0.99, 0.97 and 0.99. SEP in the same samples were 1.88, 2.15 and 1.49, respectively.

Determination of Leaf Color and Health State of Lettuce using Machine Vision (기계시각을 이용한 상추의 엽색 및 건강상태 판정)

  • Lee, J.W.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.256-262
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    • 2007
  • Image processing systems have been used to measure the plant parameters such as size, shape and structure of plants. There are yet some limited applications for evaluating plant colors due to illumination conditions. This study was focused to present adaptive methods to analyze plant leaf color regardless of illumination conditions. Color patches attached on the calibration bars were selected to represent leaf colors of lettuces and to test a possibility of health monitoring of lettuces. Repeatability of assigning leaf colors to color patches was investigated by two-tailed t-test for paired comparison. It resulted that there were no differences of assignment histogram between two images of one lettuce that were acquired at different light conditions. It supported that use of the calibration bars proposed for leaf color analysis provided color constancy, which was one of the most important issues in a video color analysis. A health discrimination equation was developed to classify lettuces into one of two classes, SOUND group and POOR group, using the machine vision. The classification accuracy of the developed health discrimination equation was 80.8%, compared to farmers' decision. This study could provide a feasible method to develop a standard color chart for evaluating leaf colors of plants and plant health monitoring system using the machine vision.

Study of an Estimation Method of Thrust Measurement Uncertainty for the Solid Rocket Motors (고체 추진기관의 추력측정불확도 추정 방법 연구)

  • Lee, Kyu Joon;Kwon, Younghwa;Lee, Young Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.18-30
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    • 2020
  • This study deals an estimation method of thrust measurement uncertainty in solid rocket motors. Guidelines of the force measurement uncertainty estimation have been provided by ISO, domestic and international organizations. However, all of them are described by focusing on the force calibration machines and force transducers with a conceptually-driven way. Thus the guidelines cannot be directly applicable to uncertainty estimation of calibration equation and its linear approximation, which are critical error sources in the thrust measurement. In this paper, the equations taking into account effects of both error sources are derived based on fundamental concepts of measurement uncertainty. These are applied to the real thrust measurement system where a relatively simple estimation method for the thrust measurement uncertainty is proposed.

The General Analysis of an Active Stereo Vision with Hand-Eye Calibration (핸드-아이 보정과 능동 스테레오 비젼의 일반적 해석)

  • Kim, Jin Dae;Lee, Jae Won;Sin, Chan Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.83-83
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    • 2004
  • The analysis of relative pose(position and rotation) between stereo cameras is very important to determine the solution that provides three-dimensional information for an arbitrary moving target with respect to robot-end. In the space of free camera-model, the rotational parameters act on non-linear factors acquiring a kinematical solution. In this paper the general solution of active stereo that gives a three-dimensional pose of moving object is presented. The focus is to achieve a derivation of linear equation between a robot′s end and active stereo cameras. The equation is consistently derived from the vector of quaternion space. The calibration of cameras is also derived in this space. Computer simulation and the results of error-sensitivity demonstrate the successful operation of the solution. The suggested solution can also be applied to the more complex real time tracking and quite general and are applicable in various stereo fields.

The General Analysis of an Active Stereo Vision with Hand-Eye Calibration (핸드-아이 보정과 능동 스테레오 비젼의 일반적 해석)

  • 김진대;이재원;신찬배
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.89-90
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    • 2004
  • The analysis of relative pose(position and rotation) between stereo cameras is very important to determine the solution that provides three-dimensional information for an arbitrary moving target with respect to robot-end. In the space of free camera-model, the rotational parameters act on non-linear factors acquiring a kinematical solution. In this paper the general solution of active stereo that gives a three-dimensional pose of moving object is presented. The focus is to achieve a derivation of linear equation between a robot's end and active stereo cameras. The equation is consistently derived from the vector of quaternion space. The calibration of cameras is also derived in this space. Computer simulation and the results of error-sensitivity demonstrate the successful operation of the solution. The suggested solution can also be applied to the more complex real time tracking and quite general and are applicable in various stereo fields.

Camera Exterior Parameters Based on Vector Inner Product Application: Exterior Calibration of a Camera and a Range Finder (벡터내적 기반 카메라 외부 파라메터 응용: 카메라와 레이져스캐너간의 캘리브레이션)

  • Chon, Jae-Choon;Sastry, Shankar
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.553-558
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    • 2007
  • The equation based on vector inner product by the angles between pairs of two image rays can independently separate the position and pose of a camera. As our second application, the exterior calibration between a camera and a laser range finder is proposed here through analysis of surfaces created by the equation.

A Simple Auto Calibration Method for CCD Camera With High Distortion Lens (왜곡율이 큰 렌즈가 부착된 CCD 카메라를 위한 간단한 자동 보정 방법)

  • 한기태;김회율
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.260-272
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, we propose a simple auto calibration method for a CCD camera with wide an91e lens that causes high degree of distortion. We formulate a cubic warping equation for the relationship between the cross points on the distorted calibration target and the corresponding points from the standard grid image, and calibrate distorted images using the computed parameters. The experiment has been performed with the distorted images resulted from wide angle CCD camera. The experimental results show that the proposed method, in terms of the average and maximum distorted error, has higher accuracy than the existing methods because of maintaining the calibration ratio more than 95 percent. The proposed method is applicable to wide variety of images regardless a type of lens or distortion.

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A Study on Calibration of Neutron Moisture Gauge Using MCNP4A (MCNP4A 전산코드를 이용한 중성자 수분함량 측정기의 교정식 및 교정상수 도출방법 연구)

  • Whang, Joo-Ho;Lim, Chun-Il;Song, Jung-Ho
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 1997
  • Time-consuming experiments have been required in the development of neutron moisture gauge to induce a relation between the water content in soil and the neutron counts. Applying a monte carlo computer code to simulate the experiments of neutron moisture gauging may contribute to reduce time and efforts for experiments and produce a calibration equation which is more applicable to soil in general. In this study MCNP4A, a monte carlo computer code, was employed to simulate soil experiments and the simulated results were compared with experimental ones. The comparative study showed that MCNP4A is applicable to simulate the experiments and calibration equation can be obtained through simulations. Effects of dry density changes were also studied.

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Development of Prediction Model by NIRS for Anthocyanin Contents in Black Colored Soybean (근적외분광분석기를 이용한 검정콩 안토시아닌의 함량 분석)

  • Kim, Yong-Ho;Ahn, Hyung-Kyun;Lee, Eun-Seop;Kim, Hee-Dong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2008
  • Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate analytical method for determining the composition of agricultural products and feeds. This study was conducted to measure anthocyanin contents in black colored soybean by using NIRS system. Total 300 seed coat of black colored soybean samples previously analyzed by HPLC were scanned by NIRS and over 250 samples were selected for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS(modified partial least squares) regression technique was developed in which the coefficient of determination for anthocyanin pigment C3G, D3G and Pt3G content was 0.952, 0.936, and 0.833, respectively. Each calibration equation was applied to validation set that was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration set, which showed high positive correlation both in C3G and D3G content file. In case Pt3G, the prediction model was needed more accuracy because of low $R^2$ value in validation set. This results demonstrate that the developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a rapid screening method for quantification of C3G and D3G contents in black colored soybean.

Determination of Baicalin and Baicalein Contents in Scutellaria baicalensis by NIRS (근적외선분광분석기를 이용한 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis)의 baicalin 및 baicalein 함량 분석)

  • Kim, Hyo-Jae;Kim, Se-Young;Lee, Young-Sang;Kim, Yong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.286-292
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    • 2014
  • Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate analytical method for determining the composition of agricultural products and feeds. This study was conducted to measure baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin contents in Scutellaria baicalensis by using NIRS system. Total 63 samples previously were analyzed by HPLC, which showed baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin contents ranging 4.56 to 13.59%, 0.28 to 5.54%, and 0.50 to 1.63% with an average of 9.66%, 2.09% and 0.52%, respectively. Each sample was scanned by NIRS and calculated for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by modified partial least squares(MPLS) regression technique was developed in which the coefficient of determination for baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin content was 0.958, 0.944, and 0.709, respectively. Each calibration equation was applied to validation set that was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration set, which showed high positive correlation both in baicalin and baicalein content file. In case of wogonin, the prediction model was needed more accuracy because of low $R^2$ value in validation set. These results demonstrate that the developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a rapid screening method for quantification of baicalin and baicalein contents in Scutellaria baicalensis.