• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effects of calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged from 19 to 21 years old. For this purpose, metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks. During the first week, the subjects ate experimental diet which nutrients composition was similar to their usual intake. And during the consecutive second week, they ate the same experimental diet supplemented with 500mg of calcium daily. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) Fecal excretion of calcium increased significantly (P<0.05), but urinary excretion of that did not show any change after supplementary intake of calcium. 2) Mean apparent calcium absorption was 28.5% and retention was 182mg/day when subjects ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was significantly ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was decreased to 24.1% by additional intake of calcium. 3) Phosphorus balance did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. 4) Serum calcium level was also not changed by additional intake of calcium. 5) Serum calcium level increased significantly(P<0.05) but serum phosphorus level did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. The above results showed that supplementation of 500mg calcium daily can be helpful to increase calcium retention as well as the peak bone mass in young women eating usual Korean diets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.110-134
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• 1977

Effects of phosphorus, potassium and calcium applications on root activity and agronomic characters of paddy rice were studied in submerged paddy soil on which starch was applied to accelerate soil reduction and production of toxic substance during 1971～1973. Root activity at heading date was decreased in reduction accelerated soil by starch application. Effect of calcium application on root activity was differed along soil conditions, phosphorus or potassium levels. Single effects of phosphorus or potassium application were not significant on every observed characters. Calcium application when phosphorus or potassium was not used as basal but used as top dressing increased yield and yield components, especially filled grain ratio. Effect of calcium application along soil conditions was differed on agronomic characters, but calcium application with phosphorus or potassium was more effective to increase yield components and grain yield. Sufficient application of phosphorus, potassium and calcium could improve the nutritional situation of rice plant for panicle development and grain maturity in reduction accelerated paddy soil in which poor growing of rice plant after panicle formation is anticipated by the production of toxic substance from soil.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.485-501
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics and dietary intake of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years according to the frequency of milk consumption. Methods: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for the study. The study examined adolescents' (12~18 years) demographic characteristics (house income level, residence region, skipping or not-skipping of breakfast/lunch/dinner, eating-out frequency), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient intakes through quantitative and qualitative evaluation using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of 3 groups (< 1/week, 1~6/week, ≥ 1/day) according to the frequency of milk consumption. Results: There were significant differences in gender and income levels among the 3 groups. There were no differences in height, weight, and weight status among groups. There were differences in biochemical characteristics and nutrient intake. In boys, there were differences in the mean of BUN and HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among 3 groups. In girls, there were differences in the mean of blood urea nitrogen, creatine, HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among the 3 groups. Conclusions: In Korean adolescents, boys had a higher frequency of milk consumption than girls, and higher the income level, higher the frequency of milk consumption. Consumption of milk appeared to have a positive association with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and indices related to muscle mass. Regular consumption of milk is an important factor in enhancing the intake of riboflavin, calcium, and phosphorus, which adolescents lack. The results of the study indicate a need to prepare an environment and education program to increase milk consumption in adolescents at home and school.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.305-316
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• 1988

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of the dietary nutrients to blood pressure among preschool children in Seoul and to concurrently study the effect of seasonal variance on the aforementioned relationship. The subjects of the study consisted of 203 preschool children aged four to six years. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, pulse rate and blood pressure, urinary excretion of five cations(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg), creatinine and urea nitrogen and dietary questionaires concerning sodium, potassium calcium and phosphorus were taken during the two periods of summer(Aug. 1986)and winter(Feb, 1987). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The daily urinary excretion of five cations, creatinine and urea nitrogen is summer and winter was as follows; The sodium content was 57.8 mEq in the summer and 59.4 mEq in the winter ; potassium 20.4 mEq and 23.0 mEq, respectively ; calcium, 5.5 mEq and 3.6 mEq, respectively ; and phosphorus, 27.4 mEq and 19.9 mEq, respectively. Only calcium and phosphours excretions in the urine showed significant differences per season(p<0.05). 2) The average dietary intake per day of sodium was 2349mg in the summer and 2155mg in the winter ; potassium consumption was 1425mg in the summer and 1448mg in the winter ; intake of calcium was 472mg in the summer and 500mg in the winter ; and phosphours consumption was 642mg in the summer and 634mg in hte winter. The sodium-to-potassium consumption ratio 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, in the summer and in the winter and the calcium-to-phosphorus ration was 0.7 in the summer and 0.8 in the winter. The dietary calcium intake showed significant differences between the seasons. 3) The principal source of sodium consumption among preschool children was from seasoning-including talbe salt, soy sauce and instant sauce-which accounted for higher then 45% of the sodium intake in both seasons. The main source of potassium was frutis and vegetables which accounted for 29.6% of the potassium intake in the summer and 25.7% in the winter. Milk and milk products were the primary dource of calcium(higher then 40% in both seasons) 4) In the summer, urinary phosphours levels were weakly reated to systolic blood pressures. (0.05

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dystrophic mineralization deposits from 3 calcium silicate-based cements (Micro-Mega mineral trioxide aggregate [MM-MTA], Biodentine [BD], and EndoSequence Root Repair Material [ESRRM] putty) over time after subcutaneous implantation into rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five silicon tubes containing the tested materials and 15 empty tubes (serving as a control group) were subcutaneously implanted into the backs of 15 Wistar rats. At 1, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, the animals were euthanized (n = 5 animals/group), and the silicon tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Histopathological tissue sections were stained with von Kossa stain to assess mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were also used to assess the chemical components of the surface precipitates deposited on the implant and the pattern of calcium and phosphorus distribution at the material-tissue interface. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratios were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The von Kossa staining showed that both BD and ESRRM putty induced mineralization starting at week 1; this mineralization increased further until the end of the study. In contrast, MM-MTA induced dystrophic calcification later, from 4 weeks onward. SEM/EDX showed no statistically significant differences in the calcium- and phosphorus-rich areas among the 3 materials at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After subcutaneous implantation, biomineralization of the 3-calcium silicate-based cements started early and increased over time, and all 3 tested cements generated calcium- and phosphorus-containing surface precipitates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 1997

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a seven-month old male kitten showing signs of paraparesis (ataxia, dragging the pelvic limbs), abdominal distention, aconuresis was diagnosed with clinical signs, radiographs and serum biochemical tests. In radiographs, bones were abnormally radiolucent and cortices were thin. Serum biochemical tests were performed, but had normal values. The treatment was directed at the suspected dietary calcium and phosphorus imbalance. Oral calcium supplement and a commercial cat food were introduced. On clinical evaluation 3 months later, this case showed no clinical signs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The effects of microbial phutase on laying performance and phosphorus utilization were examined at different levels of dietary nonphosphorus(NPP) in 320 23-week-old Hy-line brown hens for 12weeks. Diets were formulated 0.275%(T1), 0.220%(T2), 0.165%(T3) of NPP levels, and supplemental microbial phytase was 300DPU/kg diet constantly. Conventional diet(C) was formulated 0.275% NPP level without microbial phytase. Egg production and egg mass were higher in T2 than the others (p<0.05), and average egg weight was higher in T1 than the other (p<0.05). Egg productivity was tended to increase with supplemental phytase compared to conventional diet. Daily feed intake a hen also increased in T2 (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was improved slightly without significant difference. Eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly among the treatments. Haugh unit and yolk color were also not different. Calcium and phosphorus retention in body increased in T2 (p<0.05), but dry matter and nitrogen retention were not different significantly. Differences in nitrogen and calcium excretions were not found among the treatments. But phosphorus excretion decreased in order of dietary phosphorus levels with supplement phytase compared to C (p<0.05). Tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were similar among the treatments. In conclusion, supplemental microbial phytase in laying diet may help to utilize phytase phosphorus, and could decrease NPP intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1624-1628
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• 2015

Rigorously standardized laboratory protocols are essential for meaningful comparison of data from multiple sites. Considering that interactions of minerals with organic matrices may vary depending on the material nature, there could be peculiar demands for each material with respect to digestion procedure. Acid digestion procedures were evaluated using different nitric to perchloric acid ratios and one- or two-step digestion to estimate the concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc in samples of carcass, bone, excreta, concentrate, forage, and feces. Six procedures were evaluated: ratio of nitric to perchloric acid at 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 v/v in a one- or two-step digestion. There were no direct or interaction effects (p>0.01) of nitric to perchloric acid ratio or number of digestion steps on magnesium and zinc contents. Calcium and phosphorus contents presented a significant (p<0.01) interaction between sample type and nitric to perchloric acid ratio. Digestion solution of 2:1 v/v provided greater (p<0.01) recovery of calcium and phosphorus from bone samples than 3:1 and 4:1 v/v ratio. Different acid ratios did not affect (p>0.01) calcium or phosphorus contents in carcass, excreta, concentrate, forage, and feces. Number of digestion steps did not affect mineral content (p>0.01). Estimated concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc in carcass, excreta, concentrated, forage, and feces samples can be performed using digestion solution of nitric to perchloric acid 4:1 v/v in a one-step digestion. However, samples of bones demand a stronger digestion solution to analyze the mineral contents, which is represented by an increased proportion of perchloric acid, being recommended a digestion solution of nitric to perchloric acid 2:1 v/v in a one-step digestion.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1979

Degermed brown rice of Akibare (short grain) and Milyang 23 (medium grain) was abraded fiveconsecutive times to remove outer $5{\sim}6%$ of the kernel per milling. Samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine and riboflavin. Milled fraction I (about $5{\sim}6%$ of the kernel) contained 8 times as much calcium and phosphorus as did the original kernel; iron, $4{\sim}5$; thiamine, 3; and riboflavin, 4. Contents of fraction I were much greater than those in the residual kernel; 18 times as great for calcium; $32{\sim}36$ times for phosphorus; $5{\sim}10$ times for iron 5 times for thiamine; and $19{\sim}30$ times for riboflavin. Milyang 23 showed a steeper concentration gradient of calcium and riboflavin, but more even distribution of iron than did Akibare. There were no significant differences in phosphorus and thiamine gradients between the two rices.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary microbial phytase on egg productivity, egg quality, phosphorus utilization and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. The animals used in the experiment were a total of 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (32 weeks old). Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) LP (low phosphorus diet) 3) NP (low phosphorus diet + 0.03% normal microbial phytase) and 4) CP (low phosphorus diet + 0.03% coated microbial phytase). Six laying hens were allotted to a block (pen) with five replicated. Through the whole period of experiment, egg production was significantly increased in CON and CP treatments compared to LP treatment (P<0.05). CON, CP and NP treatments significantly increased their egg shell breaking strength and egg shell thickness compared to LP treatment (P<0.05). CON, CP and NP treatments resulted higher yolk color and Haugh unit than LP treatment (P<0.05). Calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents in blood were higher in CP treatment compared to LP treatment (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility and nitrogen digestibility were greater in CP treatment than CON, LP and NP treatments (P<0.05). Crude ash was increased in CON, CP and NP treatments compared to LP treatment (P<0.05). Calcium digestibility and phosphorus digestibility were significantly improved in CP and NP treatments than CON and LP treatments (P<0.05). Calcium retention of CON, CP and NP treatments were higher than LP treatment (P<0.05). Phosphorus retention was increased in CP and NP treatments compared to CON and LP treatments (P<0.05). LP treatment significantly increased their nitrogen, calcium excretion compared to CON, CP and NP treatments (P<0.05). Phosphorus excretion was decreased in LP, CP and NP treatments compared to CON treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, CP treatment improved egg production, egg quality, inorganic calcium and phosphorus in blood, calcium and phosphorus retention and nutrient digestibility and decreased nitrogen and calcium excretion in laying hens.