• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Calcium is important but deficient in diets of young adult women. This study aimed to examine if cognitive factors and eating behaviors differ according to calcium intake based on the Social Cognitive Theory. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were female college students in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred students completed the questionnaire regarding calcium intake, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and eating behaviors. Data on 240 students were analyzed using t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test. Subjects were categorized into two groups, high calcium intake (HC, ${\geq}650mg/day$) and low calcium intake (LC, < 650 mg/day), according to recommended intakes of calcium for women aged 19-29 years. RESULTS: The LC group constituted 77.9% of total subjects. Nutrition knowledge was not different according to calcium intake. Three out of 12 outcome expectations items were significantly different between the HC and LC groups. Subjects in the HC group agreed more strongly with the practical benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods, including 'taste' (P < 0.01) and 'going well with other snacks' (P < 0.05), compared to those in the LC group. Negative expectations of 'indigestion' were stronger in the LC group than HC group (P < 0.001). Among self-efficacy items, perceived ability of 'eating dairy foods for snacks' (P < 0.001), 'eating dairy foods every day' (P < 0.01), and 'eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals' (P < 0.05) differed significantly between the HC and LC groups. Eating behaviors including more frequent consumption of dairy foods, fruits or fruit juice (P < 0.001), anchovy, seaweeds, green vegetables, protein-rich foods (P < 0.05), and less frequent consumption of sweets or soft drinks (P < 0.01) were significantly related to calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that outcome expectations, self-efficacy in consuming calcium-rich foods, and eating behaviors are important in explaining calcium intake. Nutrition education needs to address practical benefits, reduce negative expectations of calcium-rich foods, increase self-efficacy, and modify eating behaviors contributing to calcium intake.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.217-220
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• 2001

Enzyme production of calcium stearate was attempted by lipase, hydrogenated beef tallow that contain high level of stearic acid was used by substrate. 90% of hydrogenated beef tallow was converted into calcium stearate in 2.5hr. Calcium stearate that was produced by this method was purified and recovered through new method and this purified and recovered calcium stearate was compared with standard calcium stearate through FT- IR. This result showed the possible replacement of conventional process into enzymetic reaction process.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1994

This study was intended to investigate the effects of nutritional, physical and environmental conditions on the bone status of 102 pre and post menopausal women living in Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows : when subjects were classified into two groups by bone status, there were significant differences in age, calcium index, serum estrogen and physical activity between two groups. Average daily calcium intake of subjects was 682.9 (149.2)mg, which is almost same as RDA, but 41.1% of the subjects consumed calcium below RDA. Calcium index(p<0.05), serum estrogen(p<0.001), physical activity(p<0.001) of poor bone group were significantly lower than those of good bone group. Although there was not a significant difference between bone status and other influential factors, such as family type, skip meal, alcohol drinking, smoking and BMI, each has been shown to have an effect, if slight, on the bone status.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.279-282
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• 1998

Effects of high concentration of intracellular calcium on estradiol-induced vitellogenin(VTG) induction were examined using ouabain in Primary hepatocyte culture in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Ouabain increases cytosolic free calcium as a result of inhibition of $Na^+ - Ca^{2+}$ exchanger. Ouabain markedly reduced VTG production to the control level, despite of calcium concentrations in the incubatin medium. Therefore, ouabain would reduce VTG production not by increasing intracellular calcium bt directly by inhibiting $Na^+ - K^+$ ATPase.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the effects of organic types of calcium derived from oyster shell (OS-Ca) and nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) on the bio-availability and physiological responses associated with bone health in ovariectomised rats. Increased body weight, which is one of the physiological effects of ovary removal, was significantly recovered by Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05). The reduced calcium level in the liver in ovariectomised rat was increased significantly with OS-Ca and Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05), suggesting improved calcium bio-availability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analysed as biochemical markers of bone metabolism and health in the presence or absence of OSCa and Nano-Ca. ALP, osteocalcin, and DPD levels increased following ovary removal and tended to decrease after treatment with Nano-Ca, indicating that Nano-Ca induces favourable bone metabolism. This result was reflected in the recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur after Nano-Ca treatment following ovary removal. Taken together, our data show that the tested calcium treatments, especially using Nano-Ca, enhanced the bioavailability or absorption of calcium and positively affected bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop calcium-fortified shank bone extract (SBE) and to determine the effect of adding calcium lactate on physico-chemical characteristics of SBE during cold storage. The following five experiment groups were used: Control (0%, no addition), T1 (0.05% calcium lactate), T2 (0.1% calcium lactate), T3 (0.5% calcium lactate), and T4 (1% calcium lactate). When the concentration of calcium lactate added to the SBE was increased, the pH, redness, and yellowness values were significantly reduced, whereas the salinity, sugar content, and turbidity of SBE were significantly increased. Sensory parameters such as aroma, flavor, and overall acceptability in the control, T1, and T2 had similar scores. The TBARS values of SBE was significantly increased when 1% of calcium lactate was added, and the VBN values of SBE with calcium lactate at day 7 were higher than that of control (p<0.05). However, the addition of calcium lactate showed an inhibition effect on the growth of total microbial counts in SBE until 4 d of storage. The calcium content of SBE was increased by the addition of calcium lactate in a dose-dependently manner. The proper addition level of calcium lactate in the SBE was determined to be 0.1%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1372-1376
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• 2011

The content of Ca in milk exceeds the typical saturation level of Ca salts, which is necessary for neonate growth. This calcium is distributed between the casein micelles in the colloidal and aqueous phases. Information on the properties of calcium activity in the aqueous phase is limited compared with that on the properties of bound or sequestrated calcium. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in calcium activity in fresh milk using an ion-selective electrode and to assess the relationship between calcium activity and milk production in hot season. Milk samples collected from 10 cows at the National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region in June to October (Min-Max: 7.2-$35.2^{\circ}C$, 24.3-100% RH) were analyzed on total calcium concentrations and calcium activity. We observed that the rectal temperature of the cows increased according to elevation of ambient temperature but that the pH of the collected milk ($6.61{\pm}0.01$ (Mean${\pm}$SEM)) was not significantly influenced by rectal and ambient temperature. Total calcium concentrations and calcium activity in fresh milk decreased in July (Min-Max: 21.1-$33.5^{\circ}C$, 48.9-100.0% RH) compared with the values after August (Min-Max: 18.1-$35.0^{\circ}C$, 26.5-96.2% RH) (p<0.05); however, there was no significant correlation between the two parameters. The ratio of calcium activity to total calcium concentration decreased after August compared with the values in June and July (p<0.05). The calcium activity in fresh milk was positively correlated with milk yield (r = 0.45, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with milk lactose content (r = -0.53, p<0.01). These results suggest that the calcium activity in milk could be affected by ambient temperature and might be associated with milking production in hot season.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 1991

식이 단백질 섭취수준 및 동·식물성 단백질 급원이 칼슘 및 인대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 10명의 한국성인 연성을 대상으로 26일간의 통제 식이실험을 실시하였다. 대사실험 연구는 6일간의 적응기간과 10일간의 중단백식이(60g 단백질 545mg Ca)와 10일간의 고단백질 식이(90g 단백질 575mg Ca)로 구성되었다 중·고단백 식이기간 동안 동물성 단백질(75% 동물성 단백질)과 식물성 단백질(75% 식물성 단백질) 식이군으로 나누어 같은 식이에서 중단백식이 후 고단백식이를 섭취토록 하였고 실험식이 마지막 4일간은 각 2명에게 300mg 칼슘을 보충시켰다. 칼슘 흡수율은 단백질 섭취량의 증가시 동물성 단백질 식이군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다, 칼슘 보충은 급원에 관계없이 칼슘 흡수를 증가시켰다. 중단백 식이기간 동안 동물성과 단백질 식이에서 칼슘흡수율은 약 30% 이었으며 고단백질식이 기간 동안 동물성 단백질에서 46% 식물성 단백질에서 37% 이었다. 칼슘을 보충시켰을 때 중단백 식이기간동안 칼슘 흡수율은 약 46% 이었으며 고단백 식이군에서 53%이었다 뇨중 칼슘배설은 단백질 섭취수준에는 영향을 받지 않았으나 동물성 단백질 식이에서 식물성 단백질 식이보다 칼슘배설양이 많았다. 칼슘 균형을 단백질 섭취증가와 칼슘 보충으로 호전되었다. 인의 흡수는 단백질 섭취수준에는 영향을 받지않았으며 인 섭취량에 따라 증가하였다. 인 흡수율은 동물성 단백질 식이군에서 약 77∼81% 로 식물성 단백질 식이군에서의 55∼65% 보다 높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 단백질 섭취수준 60g에서 90g으로의 증가와 칼슘보충은 뇨중 칼슘 배설에는 영향을 주지않으며 칼슘 흡수를 증진시켜 칼슘균형을 호전시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.285-296
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• 1994

Follicular oocytes were released from the graafian follicles of ovaries from 3-4 weeks old mice. The spontaenous maturation of these follicular oocyes was inhibited by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone and these oocytes were cultured for 2-8hr in the Modified Hank's balanced salt solution(MHBS). Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA) and calmoudulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP) were treated to the culture medium in order to investigate whether these chemical agents inhibit calcium uptake into the oocyte and oocyte maturation. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, 10-${\mu}$Ci/ml was added to the culture medium during the culture period. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes was examined whether and when various kind of oocyte maturation inhibiting agents inhibit or stimulate the influx of calcium into oocytes. Dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone decrease $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes and synergistic inhibiting effect of dbcAMP and progesterone was prominent at much lower dosages. Calcium uptake into oocytes seems to be higher during first 2 hour culture period rather than next 4hr culture. After 8hr culture, calcium uptake level of the oocytes which GVBD already took place gradually approached to the level of those which were maintained at GV by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone. However, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the GV maintained oocytes did not change at all even after 8hr culture period. In addition, calcium chelating agent, EDTA inhibited calcium uptake into oocytes as well as nuclear maturation of oocytes. Lower dosage used in the present study did not inhibit calcium uptake as well as oocyte maturation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of calcium against intestinal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We first investigated the effects of calcium treatment in HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the concentration range of 0.8-2.4 mM, calcium significantly inhibited cell growth (by 9-29%), attachment (by 12-26%), invasion (by 15-31%), and migration (by 19-61%). An immunofluorescence microscope analysis showed that the treatment with calcium (1.6 mM) for 24 h increased plasma membrane ${\beta}$-catenin but decreased nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin levels in HT29 cells. We then investigated the effect of dietary calcium on intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Mice received dietary treatment starting at 6 weeks of age for the consecutive 8 weeks. The basal control diet contained high-fat (20% mixed lipids by weight) and low-calcium (1.4 mg/g diet) to mimic the average Western diet, while the treatment diet contained an enriched level of calcium (5.2 mg calcium/g diet). The dietary calcium treatment decreased the total number of small intestinal tumors (by 31.4%; P < 0.05). The largest decrease was in tumors which were ${\geq}$ 2 mm in diameter, showing a 75.6% inhibition in the small intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly reduced nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin (expressed as nuclear positivity), but increased plasma membrane staining of ${\beta}$-catenin, in the adenomas from the calcium-treated groups in comparison to those from the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate intestinal cancer inhibitory effects of calcium both in human colon cancer cells and $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. The decreased ${\beta}$-catenin nuclear localization caused by the calcium treatment may contribute to the inhibitory action.