• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1977

Action of anthraquinone on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity. The following results were obtained 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red cell membrane is inhibited by anthraquinone and the concentration of anthraquinone for maximal inhibition is about 5mM. 2. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a giving concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration. 3. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration. 4. The action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity is inhibited by calcium ions and the ratio of inhibition is increased by small amounts of calcium but almost constant by larger amounts. 5. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine or the imidazole group of histidine. 6. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group or the carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1644-1649
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• 2009

This study investigates the buffering effects of calcium salts in kimchi on the total acidity, microbial population, and dextransucrase activity. Calcium chloride or calcium carbonate was added to dongchimi-kimchi, a watery radish kimchi, and the effects on various biochemical attributes were analyzed. The addition of 0.1% calcium chloride produced a milder decrease in the pH after 24 days of incubation, which allowed the lactic acid bacteria to survive longer than in the control. In particular, the heterofermentative Leuconostoc genus population was 10-fold higher than that in the control. When sucrose and maltose were also added along with the calcium salts, the dextransucrase activity in the kimchi was elevated and a higher concentration of isomaltooligosaccharides was synthesized when compared with the control. Calcium chloride was determined as a better activator compound of dextransucrase than calcium carbonate, probably because of its higher solubility. Therefore, the results of this study confirm the ability of the proposed approach to modulate the kimchi fermentation process and possibly enhance the quality of kimchi based on the addition of dietary calcium salts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol and citric acid-treated anchovy, caseino-phosphopeptides (CPPs), calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate as dietary calcium supplements on calcium metabolism in rats for 5 weeks. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to five treatments with 15 heads of SD male rats (mean body wt. of 100 g) in each group. The experimental diets were as follows; dried large anchovy powder (C) as control, ethanol+citric acid group (EC), ethanol+citric acid+cpps group (ECC), calcium lactate group (CL) and calcium phosphate group (CP), which were formulated with commercial semi-purified Chow diet, while maintaining the same level of calcium in all diets (1%) groups. The weight gain of EC group was significantly higher than ECC, CL and CP groups (p<0.05), food efficiency (FER) was not different. In vitro and in vivo calcium absorption rates of ECC group treated with citric acid and CPPs were 20.4 and 28.4%, respectively, and the highest among the experimental groups (p<0.05). The blood glucose levels of CL group (105.7 mg/dL) was significantly higher than control group (98.5 mg/dL). In terms of serum lipids, total-cholesterol concentration of EC group (75.1 mg/dL) was significantly higher than CP group (65.6 mg/dL) and triglyceride concentration of CP group (33.5 mg/dL) was the lowest (p<0.05). ALP activity and 057 level were not different among experimental groups. The serum calcium concentration of control group (C) was the lowest among groups (p<0.05). The femur weight of CP group was the lowest (p<0.05) and the femur length of ECC group is the longest (P<0.05). The bone density of CP group $(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$ was the lowest while ECC group $(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$ was the highest, and the bone density was increased by added CPPs. These data demonstrated that ECC group significantly increased in vitro and in vivo calcium absorption rate, serum Ca level, and the length and bone density of femur.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.293.2-293
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

Effects of multiple-cycle operation and $SO_2$ concentration on $CO_2$ capture characteristics of three limestones were investigated in a fluidized bed reactor. For each of these sorbents, the measured $CO_2$ capture capacity decreased as the number of cycles increased and as the $SO_2$ concentration increased. On the other hand, the $SO_2$ capture increased with the increased number of cycles and the $SO_2$ concentration. The total calcium utilization decreased as the number of cycles increased, but the effect of $SO_2$ concentrations on the total calcium utilization depended on the type of limestone. For Strassburg limestone, the total calcium utillization decreased with increasing $SO_2$ concentration. However, for Luscar and Danyang limestones, the total calcium utilization was almost independent of $SO_2$ concentration for the range investigated. The results showed that $SO_2$ in flue gas reduced the $CO_2$ capture capacity of limestone and that the sulfation pattern affected the $CO_2$ capture capacity.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

For the preparation of calcium carbonate particles from aqueous $Ca(OH)_2$ slurry, carbonation reaction of aqueous $Ca(OH)_2$ slurry was carried out by batch method the $CO_2$ into reactor filled with aqueous slurry of $Ca(OH)_2$. The concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$ varies from 1.00 to 7.00wt%, reactor temperature at 20 and $40^{\circ}C$, and reactor pressure from atmospheric pressure to $6.0kg_f/cm^2$. Crystal structure of calcium carbonate was of calcite, the particle size were about $0.05{\sim}2.0{\mu}m$, and the particle shape was cubic and spindle. When reactor temperature was higher, particle size of calcium carbonate was bigger and particle shape was varied, but reaction rate was increased. When reactor pressure was higher, particle size of calcium carbonate was smaller, particle shape was cubic, and reaction rate was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken to examine if endogenous nitric oxide is partly responsible for the high calcium induced vasorelaxation in vitro. Isolated porcine coronary arterial rings were suspended in the tissue chamber and their changes in isometric tension were recorded. KCI little affected the vascular tension in the calcium free media, but subsequent addition of cumulative doses of $CaCl_3$ from 1 to 40 mM caused a contraction followed by complete relaxation. The maximum tension was noted at the calcium concentration in the media of 5 mM, and then the tension progressively declined at 10-40 mM. The relaxation was slightly attenuated in the endothelium-denuded preparation. The relaxation was converted into a contraction by the addition of methylene blue. The relaxation response was not affected in the presence of indomethacin, but was significantly attenuated by $N^w-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester pretreatment. These results suggest that the calcium induced vasorelaxation is in part attributable to the release of endogenous nitric oxide.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.148-153
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• 2015

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. Activating mutations of CaSR cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia by affecting parathyroid hormone secretion in parathyroid gland and calcium resorption in kidney. They can also cause a type 5 Bartter syndrome by inhibiting the apical potassium channel in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. This study presents a patient who had autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with Bartter syndrome due to an activating mutation Y829C in the transmembrane domain of the CaSR. Symptoms of hypocalcemia occurred 12 days after birth and medication was started immediately. Medullary nephrocalcinosis and basal ganglia calcification were found at 7 years old and at 17 years old. Three hypercalcemic episodes occurred, one at 14 years old and two at 17 years old. The Bartter syndrome was not severe while the serum calcium concentration was controlled, but during hypercalcemic periods, the symptoms of Bartter syndrome were aggravated.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1997

The pancreas is an important organ in the maintenance of zinc homeostasis. Endogenous zinc is con-tinuously secreted via pancreatic exocrine fluid or to a lesser extent in bile. Much of the endogenous secretion must be reabsorbed to sustain zinc homeostasis. The objective of this study was to estimate the relative size of the pancreatic/biliary zinc pool in comparision to the dietary zinc intake, and to study the effect of the phytate and calcium on the zinc homeostasis using a rat model. At the termination of the experiment, pan-creatic/biliary fluid was collected from the rats. Both radioactivity and total zinc were measured and the relative size of the pancreatic/biliary zinc pool was estimated. To determine the effect of phytate and calcium on zinc homeostsis, dietary zinc intake, the amount of zinc in pancreatic.biliary fluid and fecal zinc excretion were measured. The flow rate of pancreatic/biliary fluid, as corrected for tubing constriction, gives the corrected zinc concentration in the pancreatic/biliary fluid was 2.2 times higher than dietary zinc intake. To maintain zinc homeostasis, zinc absorption/reabsorption was very efficient in the current model; 76%, 88% of absorption/reabsorption for low calcium group and high calcium group 81% for phytate group and non-phytate group, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.576-580
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• 1997

Lipoxygenase activity in Chinese cabbage was measured at various concentrations of brines. Lipoxygenase activity on linoleic acid substrate was determined by changing the rate of dissolved oxygen consumption. The inactivation of lipoxygenase by salting was increased when concentration of sodium chloride and soaking time were increased. About 60% of enzyme activity was reduced after submerging in 13% brine solution for 5 hr. The addition of calcium chloride (0.7%) reduced about $10{\sim}15%$ of lipoxygenase activity rather than without. Residual activity of lipoxygenase in Chinese cabbage submerged in 13% brine was 20% and about 60% of lipoxygenase was also inhibited by addition of garlic extract.