• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2005

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and the microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It has been suggested that speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of quantitative ultrasound sonography (QUS) may provide information about not only bone density but also the microarchitecture and elastic properties of bone. Physical inactivity reduced mechanical usage and it made process to the bone changes. This study aimed to association between the physical activity and the QUS parameters in 1305 (593 men, 712 women) aged 20 years over in a rural population. Two QUS parameters, BUA (p=.23) and SOS(p=.73) were measured at the right calcaneus of postmenopausal women, no significant associations were observed between sports index and SOS and BUA. These results suggest that work, non-sports leisure physical activity (p<.01) have a significant influence on QUS parameters in a rural population. Physical activity are meaningful predictor of QUS parameters of the calcaneus in a rural population.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1527-1532
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• 2008

45% of the sports accidents is the knee damage and the representative case is the damage of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and the Posterior Cruciate Ligament(PCL). Although the past different views of ACL reconstruction comes to an agreement, the disputes of PCL is remained yet. The most important engineering approach for these various surgery techniques is accurately to understand and to evaluate the fatigue behavior depending on the stress flow and the stress distribution under the allotted load and the cyclic load, which are caused by the graft fixing device, the proximal tibia of the PCL reconstructing structure. Therefore, this study is the basic research of these above facts. The current transtibial tunnel surgery using the cadaveric Achilles tendon grafts is chosen for the various PCL reconstruction. The relationships between the slippage, the extension ratio, and the slippage ratio by the heel bone fixing method and the soft tissue fixing method of the Achilles tendon were also defined. This research will be the essential data to help the resonable operating techniques for the next PCL reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of open wedge osteotomy at the anterior calcaneus with iliac bone graft (Evans procedure) for symptomatic flexible flatfeet in children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between October 1995 and September 2002. Six cases in 3 patients who had symptomatic flexible flatfeet was included. Follow-up averaged 39.5 months. We evaluated the patients' satisfaction by Mann and Reynolds scorring and compared the radiographic results between preoperative and final radiography. Results: The satisfaction outcomes at the last follow-up were excellent in five and good in one. The mean lateral talo-first metatarsal angle was improved from $-20^{\circ}$ to $-3^{\circ}$. The mean calcaneal inclination angle was improved from $8.5^{\circ}$ to $20.8^{\circ}$. The talo-navicular coverage angle was improved from $47.5^{\circ}$ to $7.5^{\circ}$. In one case, we found the subluxation of calcaneocuboidal jont in postoperative radiography. Conclusion: Open wedge osteotomy at the anterior calcaneus for symptomatic flexible flatfeet in children was considered as one of the effective treatment methods.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2003

Purpose: The treatment of calcaneal fractures remains a controversy in orthopaedic field because of its complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of calcaneal fractures and its complications. Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiological results were retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients, 34 cases with fractures of calcaneus which were treated in our department from September 1998 to march 2003. Results: According to the Creighton-Nebraska Foundation Assessment score, there were 3 excellent, 11 good, and 12 fair 6 poor results. Bohler angle was corrected from $8.3^{\circ}$ to $18.3^{\circ}$, Gissane angle was corrected from $121^{\circ}$ to $135^{\circ}$, and calcaneal width was corrected from 46.8mm to 37mm. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation for joint depression type calcaneal fractures thought to be a good method of treatment. Closed reduction and percutaneous axial pinning should be chosed in selected cases of tongue type fractures. In treatment of complicated calcaneal fractures as malunion, subtalar distraction arthrodesis and lateral wall exostectomy will reduce disability of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2009

The foot type is classified into normal, high or low arch according to either foot print or medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Plantar fasciitis, heel pain, Achilles tendinitis, stress fracture, metatarsalgia, knee pain, shin splint pain, and etc are common foot disorders and associate to the foot type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several suggested bony inclination used to classified the abnormal foot and if the arch index (AI) was correlated with foot morphology. Lateral view and dorso-plantar view of radiographic images and flatbed scanner measurements obtained from 57 college students were analyzed. Results showed that AI measured in this study was higher than Caucasian Americans and European, but similar with African. The ethnic origin could influent the AI distribution. The AI provided a simple quantitative means of assessing the structure of lateral and medial longitudinal arches. The correlation coefficients of true bone height with AI could be further improved by normalized foot width rather than foot length. AI also demonstrated as a good indicator of inclination between calcaneus-fifth metatarsal (CalM5) and calcaneus-first metatarsal (CalX), it is a good means to classify the foot type.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2003

Avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity is an uncommon injury. Usually it occurs from indirect trauma, and can be seen in old patients with osteoporosis or in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Follow-up studies showed healing of the fracture in most cases, but skeletal deformity may develop in some cases. Therefore we should take plain X-ray evaluations in diabetic patients with foot and ankle pain, even though there have been no definite trauma history. Four cases of calcaneus avulsion fracture were treated operatively in diabetic patients, and reported.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2015

Intraosseous lipoma is a benign tumor that originates from proliferating mature lipocytes. It often occurs in the metaphysis of long bones of the lower extremity, and also in the calcaneus, humerus, mandible, sacrum, and rib bones. Frequently, it involutes spontaneously through a process of infarction, calcification, and cyst formation. It can either present as pain, or be asymptomatic and only discovered through an incidental radiological finding. In our case, the patient presented with heel pain. Intraoperatively, it was found that the intraosseous cavity was filled with fat along with an adjacent but separate area of cystic degeneration. There was also a cortical perforation at the cystic lesion which was communicating with the subtalar joint. This cortical breach is most likely the cause of diffuse lateral heel pain experienced by our patient, and such a pathological fracture due to intraosseous lipoma has never been reported.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.166-168
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• 2019

A 22-month-old female mongrel dog weighing 4.8 kg was referred with chief complaint of bite wounds and lameness. The patient showed non-weight bearing lameness on left hindlimb and lateral instability of intertarsal joint. On radiograph, proximal intertarsal luxation between calcaneus and fourth tarsal bone was diagnosed. To imitate the long collateral and calcaneoquartal ligament, bone tunnels were drilled in the distal calcaneus and proximal fifth metatarsal bone. The figure-eight suture was placed with 0.5 mm cerclage wire through the predrilled holes. At 2 weeks after surgery, the lameness of hindlimb was still present. However, the patient had weight bearing lameness for 4 weeks after operation and was able to walk and run without lameness at 5 weeks after surgery. This case report explains the successful correction of intertarsal luxation with a single figure of eight wire suture in case of luxation to the intertarsal joint.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2019

The Cobey method and the modified Cobey method are most commonly used in clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological differences between Cobey and modified Cobey and provide radiographic information about changes of hindfoot image with X-ray entrance center and tube angle change in modified Cobey. This study was performed on foot and ankle phantom. First, for image comparison of Cobey and modified Cobey, the images obtained by applying the same X-ray entrance center to the ankle joint were compared and analyzed. Second, in the modified Cobey, the X-ray entrance center is set as ankle joint and lateral malleolus. The X-ray tube angle was varied from $10^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ at $5^{\circ}$ intervals for each X-ray entrance center. The images obtained by varying the X-ray tube angle from $10^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ at intervals of $5^{\circ}$ for each X-ray entrance center were compared and analyzed. The irradiation conditions were the same with 110 kVp, 200 mA, 10 ms, and 110 cm of source - image receptor distance (SID). Image evaluation was performed by two radiologists. Measurements were made on the lateral point, middle point, and calcaneus width based on a hypothetical line parallel to the calcaneal tuberosity. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics as the mean of the distance to each measurement location. The modified Cobey was longer than the Cobey by an average of 3 to 4 mm lateral and medial points, and the calcaneus width was similar (ICC = 0.939). In modified Cobey method, when the X-ray entrance center is ankle joint, the lateral point is about 3 mm and the medial point is about 4.3 mm longer than lateral malleolus. Also, when the X-ray tube angle is more than $20^{\circ}$, the degree of distortion is large. The ICCs for the lateral, medial point, and calcaneus width were 0.998, 0.961, and 0.997, respectively, as the X-ray entrance center and tube angle were changed. There was no significant difference between Modified Cobey and Cobey. Modified Cobey showed no need to compensate the $20^{\circ}$ detector angle of the Cobey. In addition, we suggest that tube angle should be limited within $20^{\circ}$ when modified Cobey is performed.