• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

The study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with bone mineral content (BMC) changes among early pubertal aged girls. Two hundred and thirty girls between 9 to 11 years of age participated in (our surveys over 2 year period. During each survey, dietary intakes were collected with 3-day food records, BMC of left leg's calcaneus were measured by PIXI (Lunar Ltd.) and body composition was measured by bioimpedance method (Inbody 3.0 Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean values of BMC increased in consecutive measurements -1.48 g, 1.54 g, 1.61 g and 1.66 g. The change of BMC between the first and last measurements was significantly positively correlated with % body fat, negatively correlated with BMC at the baseline (p < 0.05). Change of BMC was also significantly positively correlated with % change of lean mass and mineral mass between the first and last measurements. Nutrient intakes during the study period were calculated as mean daily intakes from all surveys. Mean daily intakes of Vit. C and Vit. $B_6$ were positively and isoflavone intake was negatively correlated with changes of BMC (p < 0.05). In stepwise regression of BMC change with body composition and nutrient intakes, baseline values of BMC, weight, BMI and age, % change of mineral mass during the study period, mean intakes of isoflavone, Vit. $B_6$, protein, carotene and zinc were significant explanatory variables ($R^2=0.38$, p <.001, F = 32.39). The results imply that the change of BMC among early pubertal aged girls are associated with some body composition and intakes of certain nutrients.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.144-148
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the results of percutaneous repair technique of Achilles tendon ruptures, and to describe the surgical technique. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 73 patients with ruptured Achilles tendon from October 1995 to September 2009. 28 patients were excluded due to short follow up period. 34 patients were male and 11 patients were female. The mean patient age was 37.19 (10~62) years. The location of rupture site was 6.58 cm proximal to the tendon insertion into the calcaneus on average. Mean follow up period was 55 months and All patients were surgically repaired using percutaneous technique with sural nerve isolation. Results: Arner-lindholm score were excellent in 32 (71%), good in 12 (27%), poor in 1 (2%) case. 44 cases (98%) had the score more than good. Mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot function score was 92.93 (67~100). We had 1 case of superficial infection, 1 case of soft tissue irritation by suture knot. Conclusion: Percutaneous repair with sural nerve isolation in treating ruptured Achilles tendon showed low complication rate and reliable clinical outcome.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and radiological results of operative treatment in patients with tongue type intra-articular calcaneal fracture, and to compare the open reduction and Essex-Lopresti technique. Materials and Methods: We examined a consecutive series of 42 patients who received surgical treatment for tongue type calcaneal fracture (24 cases of the open reduction and 18 cases of the Essex-Lopresti technique) and the postoperative data was compared with a minimum 1 year follow-up. The clinical outcome was analyzed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scale and Salama's criteria. The preoperative, postoperative, and last follow-up changes in the Bohler angle was radiologically analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the clinical and radiological results at the last follow-up. However, for the Sander's type 3 and 4 fractures, the open reduction group showed more improvement of AOFAS score and less reduction loss in the Bohler angle. Conclusion: Although the clinical results were good irrespective of surgical technique, the open reduction and internal fixation can improve clinical outcome and reduce the reduction loss as compared with the Essex-Lopresti technique in the comminuted tongue type calcaneal fracture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.504-514
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. Methods: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. Results: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD ($Z-score{\leq}-2$) and 14.3% women had higher BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2008

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical results of the intraarticular calcaneal fractures treated using Ollier approach by inexperienced orthopaedic surgeon. Materials and Methods: Between August 2003 and May 2007, Of the total 46 cases, 12 cases (9 patients) of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fracture who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using Ollier approach were evaluated. The means of age was 50.5 years. According to the Sanders classification, there was no type I case and 8 cases of type II, 1 case of type III, and 3 cases of type IV. We evaluated the treatment result by assessing radiologic parameters ($B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle, Gissane angle, and calcaneal height/width) and clinical outcomes (VAS and AOFAS score). Results: The means of follow-up period was 25.3 months. The means of B.hler angle was improved from $2.4^{\circ}$ to $26.1^{\circ}$. Radiologic and clinical union was achieved in all cases without additional procedures. Excellent result were noted in 2 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 4 cases, and poor in 1 case. We experienced 2 cases of minor complications; 1 case of mild wound infection and 1 case of hypoesthesia on foot dorsum. Radiologic findings of subtalar arthritis were present in 2 cases. Conclusion: Ollier approach seems to be helpful to inexperienced orthopaedic surgeons for the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures in that it enables them to achieve considerable clinical outcomes without serious complications.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2009

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) plays an important role in knee extension. Rotational instability due to injured PCL can be restored by various PCL reconstruction methods. In this study, the initial lengthening affected by fixation device and location was demonstrated, and furthermore, the slippage and the relationship between lengthening ratio and slippage ratio in the calcaneus and soft tissue fixation methods was newly suggested. Eight specimens of proximal tibia and Achilles tendon grafts were harvested from four cadavers and divided into four groups in regard to the four different types of transtibial fixation techniques. The cyclic load ranged from 50 N to 250 N applied to each graft fixed to proximal tibia in 55 degrees. The initial lengthening ratio to the total elongation has been approximately constant regardless of the fixation methods. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw showed about 56.4% slippage ratio to the total elongation and the same method with a double cross-pin presented about 45.4% slippage ratio. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw demonstrated approximately 2 mm less total elongation and about 13% more slippage than lengthening because of poor fixation compared to the same method with a double cross-pin.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the change in plantar fascia thickness in hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic feet in stroke patients using an ultrasonographic evaluation. Methods: Sixteen hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic feet from 16 hemiplegic patients (patient group) and 16 feet from 8 healthy subjects (control group) were evaluated by ultrasonography. The sagittal sonograms were obtained in the prone position, and the plantar fascia thickness was measured at its insertion into the calcaneus. Results: The mean plantar fascia thickness was measured to be $4.5\pm0.8$mm in hemiplegic feet of the patient group, $3.4\pm1.0$mm for the contralateral non-hemiplegic feet and $2.8\pm0.3$mm for the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in plantar fascia between the hemiplegic feet and contralateral non-hemiplegic feet as well as between the contralateral non-hemiplegic feet and control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The plantar fascia thickness according to the Brunnstrom stage and modified Ashworth scale was increased significantly in the hemiplegic feet (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results show that the plantar fascia is overloaded in the hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic feet of stroke patients. A therapeutic approach should be considered for these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2015

The present study investigated the influence of thick cortical endplates on the ultrasonic properties of trabecular bone in a femur with a high fracture risk. Twelve trabecular bone samples were prepared from bovine femurs, and acrylic plates with thicknesses of 1.25, 1.80, and 2.75 mm were manufactured to simulate the cortical endplates using acrylic with a density and a sound speed similar to cortical bone. Although the thickness of the acrylic plates attached to the two sides of the trabecular bone increased, high correlations were observed between the speed of sound and the apparent bone density of the trabecular bone, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.80-0.86. High correlations were also observed between the attenuation coefficient at 0.5 MHz and the apparent bone density of the trabecular bone, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.84-0.91. These results suggest that the speed of sound and attenuation coefficient at a specific frequency measured in a femur with relatively thick cortical endplates compared to the calcaneus could be used as indices for predicting the bone mineral density of the femur.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.11 s.256
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• pp.788-790
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• 2005

Chondromyxoid fbroma (CMF) is a rare, benign tumor of the bone that represents fewer than $2\%$ of all benign tumors of bone. CMF is most often found in the long tubular bones, especially the tibia and femur near the knee joint. Less common sites included the pelvis, fibula, calcaneus and rib. A 54-year-old male patient presented to us with history of swelling and mild, intermittent local pain without any rise in overlying skin temperature in lateral portion of left 7th rib for one-month duration, which was diagnosed as benign rib tumor by plain chest X-ray and CT scan, and treated successfully by excision of rib with good result. Pathologic diagnosis of this tumor was CMF. Without any medical therapy, there was no evidence of recurrence after operation. We report this case and follow-up of the patient.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density(BMD) and identify risk factors of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 328 women. The BMD of the calcaneus were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The risk factors were collected by a self-report standardized questionnaire. The differences among the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal group were compared by one way analysis of variance test, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests and Logistic regression. Results: The average age was 65 years old and the average T-score was 28.7% with osteoporosis. The Risk factors of osteoporosis were inclined by 24% in age (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.16 ~ 1.31), 53% in menarchal age (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.24 ~ 1.88), 3.5 times in vegetarian (OR = 3.52, CI = 1.66 ~ 7.47), 2 times in small-bowel disease (OR = 2.01, CI= 1.03 ~ 3.94), 5.3 times in arthritis (OR = 5.33, CI = 1.61 ~ 17.67), 5.5 times in eating disorder (OR = 5.50, CI = 1.43 ~ 21.17), 6 times in health perception (OR = 6.08, CI = 2.30 ~ 16.06). The Risk factors of osteoporosis were reduced by 10% in weight (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.83 ~ 0.97), and 10% in menopausal age (OR = 0.90. CI = 0.84 ~ 0.98). Conclusion: The risk factors of osteoporosis were in the general characteristics, menstrual history, history of disease, life style & diet, and health perception. Eating disorder and health perception are highest on the risk factor of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.