• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 2004

Background : Uteroglobin is a protein produced by the normal bronchial epithelium and its expression level is lower in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cell lines. It mainly functions as an anti-inflammatory, and when it is overexpressed in cancer cells, the neoplastic phenotype is antagonized. cPLA2 and COX-2, which are also associated with inflammation, were reported to be related to cancer. The relationship between cPLA2, COX-2 and uteroglobin is unclear. The relationship between uteroglobin and ERK, which is related to cell growth, is also not unclear. This study investigated the changes in the cPLA2 and COX-2 expression levels and the ERK activities after the overexpression of uteroglobin in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Methods : The A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines were infected by adenovirus-null and adenovirusuteroglobin. The cChange in the cPLA2, COX-2 expression level and ERK activity after uteroglobin overexpression was measured by Western blot. The change in MMP activity was measured by zymography. Results : Western blot revealed decreased expression levels of cPLA2, and COX-2, and increased pERK levels in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells after uteroglobin overexpression. Zymography revealed no changes in the MMP-2 activity and lower MMP-9 activity. U0126, which is a specific inhibitor of ERK-activating kinase MEK-1/-2, prevented the decrease in the MMP-9 activity Conclusions : A decrease in cPLA2 expression, COX-2 expression, MMP-9 activity and a increase in ERK activity may be related to the anticancer effects of uteroglobin in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Background: It was hypothesized that the immunomodulating effects of moxifloxacin contribute to ameliorate oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by suppression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). This was based on observations from experiments on rats associated with neutrophilic respiratory burst, cPLA2 activity, and expressions of cPLA2, $TNF{\alpha}$, and COX-II in the lung. Methods: ALI was induced by intravenous injection of OA in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five hours after OA injection, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and numbers of BAL neutrophils were measured. As an index of oxidative stress-induced lung injury, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues was also determined. Lung histology, immunohistochemistry and determination of activity of cPLA2 in lung tissues were carried out. In addition, Western blotting of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-II in lung tissues was performed. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs was observed after OA injection. BAL protein was increased along with neutrophilic infiltration and migration by OA. Moxifloxacin decreased all of these parameters of ALI and ameliorated ALI histologically. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung by OA was also decreased by moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin not only suppressed cPLA2 expression in the lungs and neutrophils but also decreased cPLA2 activity in lung tissues of rats given OA. The enhanced expressions of $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lung tissues of rats given OA were also suppressed by moxifloxacin. Conclusion: Moxifloxacin inhibited cPLA2 and down-regulated $TNF{\alpha}$ and COX-2 in the lungs of rats given OA, which resulted in the attenuation of inflammatory lung injury.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 2013

From poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) synthesized using $CO_2$, a PLA/PPC/PLA layered film is prepared by coextrusion and then stretched to uniaxial orientation. The mechanical, optical, and barrier properties and shrinkage of the prepared film were investigated in detail. The maximum shrinkage of PLA/PPC/PLA film reached to 60% at $75^{\circ}C$. With increasing PPC content, the ratio of shrinkage of the film was increased and its shrinkagerate was increased. The ratio of shrinkage of the film decreased with increasing stretching temperature. The prepared film has oxygen and vapor transmission barrier properties. In this study, the PLA/PPC/PLA film is expected to be commercialized as a environmentally friendly shrinkable film.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2000

To examine whether DGRF inhibits $cPLA_2$ activity in vitro, we purified a 100 kDa $cPLA_2$enzyme from porcine spleen and performed an inhibition study at two concentrations of 5.0 and 50.0 $\mu$M 1-stearoyl-2-[1-$^{l4C}$ ]arachidonoyl-sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine as a substrate to rule out an apparent inhibition due to "substrate depletion". Here we reported that DGRF inhibited $cPLA_2$activity with $ID_{50}$ of 3.2 $\mu$M and virtually complete inactivation of the enzyme occurred at 60 $\mu$M. Interaction experiment between enzyme protein and inhibitor by ultrafiltration method indicated that 1-desgalloylrugosin-F inactivates $cPLA_2$enzyme by an irreversible mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2003

Acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 생쥐에 있어서 거의 모든 조직에서 발현하며 아라키돈산에 특이적인 효소이다. 아라키돈산은 세포막의 인지질로부터 cPLA2에 의하여 유리되고 cyclooxygenase-1, -2에 의하여 eicosanoid로 변환된다. 이렇게 생산된 prostaglandin과 같은 eicosanoid는 배란, 수정, 임신에 있어서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 세포막으로부터 유리된 아라키돈산은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4에 의하여 다시 세포막으로 재에스테르화되어 eicosaniod의 생산을 조절하는 것으로 생각되어지고 있다. 또한 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자 한쪽이 knock-out된 heterozygote mouse에서는 사산, 유산과 난소에 있어서 황체 수의 증가 등을 보고하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 정상 생쥐 (C57BL/6) 임신 기간 중 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 또한 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 유전자의 발현 양상을 분석하여 eicosanoid 생산에 관여하는 유전자 상호간의 발현 을 확인하였다. acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 임신 0 day에서부터 19.5 day까지 자궁과 난소에서 모두 발현하고 있었다. 또한 5.5 day에서부터 19.5 day까지의 태아에서도 그 발현이 확인되었다. 그리고 cPLA2와 cyclooxygenase-1은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4와 유사한 양상을 보였으나 cyclooxygenase-2는 임신기간 중의 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 전혀 발현하지 않았다. 그러므로 임신 중 생쥐 자궁, 난소, 태아에 있어서 eicosanoid 생산에는 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자가 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1649-1654
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• 2013

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with c-arm cone-beam CT guided synchronous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: 21 patients with large HCC were studied from January 2010 to March 2012. TACE combined with synchronous C-arm cone-beam CT guided RFA were performed on a total of 25 lesions. Conventional imaging examination (CEUS, enhanced CT or MRI) and AFP detection were regularly conducted to evaluate the technical success rate of combined treatment, complications, treatment response, time without disease recurrence and survival rate. Results: The technical success rate of combined treatment was 100%, without any significant complication. After 1 month, there were 19 cases with complete response and 2 cases with partial response, with an complete response rate of 90.4% (19/21) and a clinical effective rate of 100% (21/21). The complete response rates of single nodular lesions (100%, 17/17) was significantly higher than that of multiple nodular lesions (50%, 2/4) (P<0. 05). During 2 to 28 months of follow-up, in 19 cases with complete response, the average time without disease recurrence was $10.8{\pm}6$ months. The total survival rates of 6, 12 and 18 months in 21 patients were 100%, respectively. Conclusion: TACE combined with synchronous C-arm CT guided RFA is safe and effective for treatment of large HCC. The treatment efficacy for single nodular lesion is better than that for multiple nodular lesions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2012

In the study, the effects of $130{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ annealing condition and 1~10 wt% isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP) on crystallization behavior and flame retardancy of a full name (PLA) film were determined. The crystallization kinetics of PLA films with adding 1, 5, and 10 wt% IPPP at $140^{\circ}C$ were higher than those at 130 and $150^{\circ}C$. The average crystallinity and crystallite size of PLA film with 1 wt% IPPP were 21.3% and 24.8 nm, respectively. With an increasing IPPP content, the crystallinity of PLA film increased and the crystallite size decreased. The burning rate lowered with an increasing IPPP content as well.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

In the study, PLLA with 12,000 g/mol ($M_n$) and 14,000 g/mol ($M_w$) was synthesized from L-lactide, and used to synthesize PLLA-Br intermediate. PLLA-block-PMMA with 84,000 g/mol ($M_n$) and 126,000 g/mol ($M_w$) was finally synthesized from PLLA-Br intermediate. The glass transition temperature ($T_g$) and initial pyrolysis temperature of PLLA-block-PMMA are $95.5^{\circ}C$ and $289^{\circ}C$, respectively. The PLA film of $50{\pm}3{\mu}m$ thickness was prepared by blending PLA with 9 phr PLLA-block-PMMA followed by stretching biaxially at 3 times under $95^{\circ}C$, and annealing at $120^{\circ}C$ for 2 min. The light transmittance at 550 nm and tensile strength of the film are 88.5% and 44.5 MPa, respectively. To enhance the tensile strength of PLA film, it was required to keep the film more than 2 min at $120^{\circ}C$ during the annealing step after a biaxially orientation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2011

PLA 섬유는 폴리머의 주성분이 옥수수에서 추출한 모노머를 중합한 화학섬유가 아닌 인체친화적인 식물성 소재이며 생분해성이 좋은 친환경 소재로 최근 주목받고 있는 섬유소재이다. 본 연구에서는 아토피완화용 여러 섬유 구조체 개발에서 사용되는 섬유소재중 PLA 원사에 항균성 물질을 혼입하여 PLA 항균사 제조를 위한 연구를 수행하였다. PLA Grade의 점도가 낮아질수록 Grade별 용융 지수값은 차이를 나타내지만 방사온도 $230^{\circ}C$를 변곡점으로 하여 용융점도가 급격히 변하였으며, 특히 방사온도 $240^{\circ}C$의 경우 용융지수가 100을 넘어가고 폴리머의 색깔이 황갈색을 띄어 폴리머의 열분해가 많이 일어났을 것으로 판단되었다. PLA의 적정 방사온도 구간은 $210{\sim}225^{\circ}C$ 구간이 최적이며 그 이상에서는 Color 변화 및 물성 저하가 나타나는 것으로 판단되었다. 항균성 PLA 섬유를 제조하기 위하여 피톤치드계 유기항균제를 이용하였으며, 피톤치드에 기능성 엘라스토머를 사용하여 Capsulation을 진행하였다. 이러한 유기항균제 Powder의 경우 비중이 낮아 표면적로 인하여 마스터배치 칩을 만드는 공정에서 잘 혼합되지 않는 문제점이 발생하였으나, 피톤치드의 함량을 조절하여 PLA와의 마스터배치 칩 제조를 시험하였다. 압출온도와 토출량, Screw 조건(Mixing, Zone)을 시험하여 적정 조건을 설정하였다. 항균사 PLA 섬유는 Sheath/Core 복합방사 형태와 단독사 형태의 2가지 Type을 제조하였다. Sheath/Core 복합방사 폴리머 구성은 Sheath부에 PLA항균사, Core부에 PLA 또는 저융점 PET를 사용하였다. Core부의 폴리머는 제사성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 항균 마스터배치의 함량이 증가할수록 Pack압 상승이 급격히 일어나는 단점이 나타났다. 항균제 5% 정도가 혼입되어 있는 경우에 2.1 이상의 정균활성치와 99.8% 정도의 정균감소율 성능을 나타내었다. PLA 단독사의 경우, 항균제 최적 함량은 3% 이상으로 정균활성치 5.5 이상, 정균감소율 99.9%의 우수한 항균특성을 나타내었다.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

Colorimetric and wash fastness data after repeated wash cycles of Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) fiber were examined with C. I. Vat Blue 1, also other comparing 2 dyes (C. I. Vat Blue 35, C. I. Vat Blue 5), in this study. The fastness of three vat dyes on PLA fiber to repeated washing according to KS K 0430 A-2 regulation increased with dyeing temperatures. The $L^*$ values of the dyed material gradually increased with increasing numbers of wash. Also the f(k) values were decreased reversely. During repeated washing, the vagrant dyes were deposited especially on nylon, polyester, cotton of the adjacent multifiber. C. I. Vat Blue 5 displayed lowest color change to repeated washing of the three dyes used.