• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). t10c12-CLA was treated with different concentrations in culture medium of LPS$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ and LPS-stimulated PBMCs. The mRNA expressions of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$)-synthase, COX-2 and 5-LOX were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the production levels of $PGE_2$ and 5-LOX in culture supernatant from PBMCs with or without LPS were assessed by ELISA. In LPS$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ PBMCs, treatment of t10c12-CLA significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expressions of PGE2 synthase and 5-LOX compared to vehicle control. Expression of COX-2 mRNA did not show significant difference compared to vehicle control by t10c12-CLA treatment in LPS$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ PBMCs. However, the addition of LPS in PBMCs markedly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of COX-2, $PGE_2$ synthase and 5-LOX, and also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the production of $PGE_2$ and 5-LOX relative to LPS$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ PBMCs, respectively. However, the addition of t10c12-CLA significantly (p < 0.01) suppressed the LPS-induced excessive expression of COX-2, $PGE_2$ synthase, and 5-LOX compared to those of PBMCs treated with LPS alone. The production levels of $PGE_2$ and 5-LOX in culture supernatant from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were also significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by the treatment of t10c12-CLA compared to LPS alone. These results suggested that t10c12-CLA has an anti-inflammatory effect via dual inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX with gene expression and production level in LPS-stimulated porcine PBMCs. Therefore, it was thought that t10c12-CLA can attenuate the inflammatory response by down-regulation of eicosanoids production.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1519-1529
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• 2016

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase -2 (gelatinase-A, Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-2) and -9 (gelatinase-B, Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-9) are key molecules that play roles in tumor growth, invasion, tissue remodeling, metastasis and stem-cell regulation by digesting extracellular matrix barriers. MMP-2 and -9 are well known to impact on solid cancer susceptibility, whereas, in hematological malignancies, a paucity of data is available to resolve the function of these regulatory molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and stromal cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate mRNA expression and gelatinase A and B secretion from BM-MNCs in vitro and genotypic associations of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T; rs243865), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T; rs3918242), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 (TIMP-1) (372T/C; rs4898, Exon 5) and TIMP-2 (-418G/C; rs8179090) in MDS and AML. Results: The study covered cases of confirmed MDS (n=50), AML (n=32) and healthy controls (n=110). MMP-9 mRNA expression revealed 2 fold increased expression in MDS-RAEB II and 2.5 fold in AML M-4 (60-70% blasts). Secretion of gelatinase-B also revealed the MMP-9 mRNA expression and ELISA data also supported these data. We noted that those patients having more blast crises presented with more secretion of MMP-9 and its mRNA expression. In contrast MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) showed significant polymorphic associations in MDS (p<0.02) and AML (p<0.02). MMP-9 mRNA expression of C/T and T/T genotypes were 1.5 and 2.5 fold increased in MDS and AML respectively. In AML, MMP-2 C/T and T/T genotypes showed 2.0 fold mRNA expression. Only MMP-9 (-1306 C/T) showed significant 4 fold (p<0.001) increased risk with chemical and x-ray exposed MDS, while tobacco and cigarette smokers have 3 fold (p<0.04) risk in AML. Conclusions: In view of our results, MMP-9 revealed synergistic secretion and expression in blast crises of MDS and AML with 'gene' polymorphic effects and is significantly associated with increased risk with tobacco, cigarette and environmental exposure. Release and secretion of these enzymes may influence hematopoietic cell behavior and may be important in the clinical point of view. It may offer valuable tools for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possible targets for the treatments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8815-8822
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• 2014

Background: The incidence of stomach cancer in India is highest in the state of Mizoram. In this population based matched case-control study, we evaluated the relationship between CYP450 2E1 RsaI polymorphism and risk of stomach cancer taking into considering various important dietary habits along with tobacco, alcohol consumption and H. pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 matched healthy population controls were recruited. CYP2E1 RsaI genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP and H. pylori infection status by ELISA. Information on various dietary, tobacco and alcohol habits was recorded in a standard questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed no significant association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and overall risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram. However, we observed a non-significant protective effect of the variant allele (A) of CYP2E1 against stomach cancer. Tobacco smokers carrying C/C genotype have three times more risk of stomach cancer, as compared to non-smokers carrying C/C genotype. Both Meiziol and cigarette current and past smokers who smoked for more than 10 times per day and carrying the (C/C) genotype are more prone to develop stomach cancer. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat (smoked/sun dried) consumers carrying C/C genotype possesses higher risk of stomach cancer. No significant association between H. pylori infection and CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism in terms of stomach cancer was observed. Conclusions: Although no direct association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and stomach cancer was observed, relations with different tobacco and dietary risk habits in terms of developing stomach cancer exist in this high risk population of north-eastern part of India. Further in-depth study recruiting larger population is required to shed more light on this important problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2001

This research was conducted to study the effects on antigenicities (allergenicity) and structural changes of gamma-irradiated hen’s egg albumin (ovalbumin, OVA) by heating. Three groups of OVA solution (2.0 mg/mL) were prepared; 1) heat treatment; 2) irradiation after heating; 3) heating after irradiation. Samples were isothermally heated and/or irradiated at the absorption dose of 10 kGy. Competitive indirect ELISA was individually formatted with egg-allergic patients IgE (P-IgE), and mouse murine monoclonal IgG (M-IgG) and rabbit polyclonal IgG (R-IgG) for evaluating bindinhg abilities of antibodies to OVA in the sample solutions. Binding abilities of antibodies to thermally denatured OVA were changed : R-IgG to the sample treated with above 6$0^{\circ}C$, M-IgG to that above 7$0^{\circ}C$, and P-IgE to that above 8$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. P-IgE did not well recognize OVA heated at 8$0^{\circ}C$ and the above. However, binding abilities of M-IgG and R-IgG highly in creased. Significant differences of binding abilities were not observed in all samples with the combination of heat treatment and irradiation, regardless the order of the treatment. Turbidity of samples in creased both by heating and by irradiation, and the increase by irradiation was much higher than by heating. These results showed that allergenicity of OVA reduced by gamma irradiation was not affected by heating.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

The pork hams and bacon comprising the most popular processed pork were treated with autoclave to investigate application of hypoallergenic pork. Among pork hams and bacon, two products with the highest binding ability were selected for experiments. The results of ci-ELISA on pork hams treated with autoclave showed that the binding ability of p-IgG and pigallergic patient's sera (P2) to PSA (porcine serum albumin) from pork ham samples by autoclave treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was slightly decreased. The binding ability to p-IgG of b and c bacon treated with autoclave was declined to below 16% and 11% as compared with control sample that showed 60% and 91% binding ability. The binding ability to P2 of b and c bacon treated with autoclave decreased to below 22% and 34% as compared with control sample that showed 95% and 126% binding ability. A result of immunoblotting on bacon showed that p-IgG as well as pig patient's sera did not recognize PSA well in autoclave treatment. The results obtained from this work indicated that autoclave treatment was effective for a reduction of allergenicity of pork hams and bacon. Therefore the autoclave treatment may be applied to development of hypoallergenic pork.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate epidemiological data of pathogens obtained from stool exams and compare them with the clinical course in pediatric patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Methods : Subjects were selected from patients presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis who visited the outpatient clinic or who were admitted to the Dankook University Hospital from December of 2004 to December of 2005. Stool exams for 17 pathogens was performed. RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus in the subjects stool samples. Ten different species of bacteria(Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Clostridium perfrigens, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia spp., and L. monocytogenes) were each selectively cultivated and enzyme immunoassays(EIA) was used to test for antigens for C. parvum, E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Retrospective chart review was performed for comparisons of clinical manifestations. Results : A total of 215 subjects was selected and of these 89 cases(41.4%) showed positive results for at least one pathogen. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Age distribution showed 4 cases less than one month(4.5%), 4 cases from 1~2 months(4.5%), 24 cases from 3~12 months(26.7%), 47 cases form 13~48 months(52.8%), 10 cases greater than 48 months (21.2%). Viruses showed the greatest proportion of cases with 68 subjects(77.5%), of these rotavirus being the most commonly reported in 50 cases. Bacteria was identified in 26 cases (29.2%), of these nontyphoidal salmonella was noted in 10 cases. Protozoa followed with 21 cases(23.6%), of these C. parvum was noted in 11 cases and G. lamblia was noted in 10 cases. Mixed infections with more than two pathogens were seen in 22 cases(24.7%), of these viral infection with accompanying parasitic infection was seen in 12(54.5%) cases. Conclusion : In this study we examined various pathogens known to cause acute gastroenteritis in children. Further studies for various pathogens can provide useful information for management of the acute gastroenteritis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7303-7307
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• 2015

Background: Leukemia is a common cancer among children and adolescents. Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) is highly expressed in patients with acute leukemia. It is found as a tumor associated antigen (TAA) in various types of hematopoietic malignancies and can be employed as a useful marker for targeted immunotherapy and monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD). In this regard, WT1 is a transcription factor that promotes gene activation or repression depending on cellular and promoter context. The purpose of this study was assessment of WT1 gene expression in patients with acute leukemia, measurement of IL-12 and C3 levels in serum and evaluation of the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the expression of WT1 mRNA using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and serum levels of IL-12 and C3 using ELISA and nephelometry in peripheral blood of 12 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia and 12 controls. Results: The results of our study showed that the average wT1 gene expression in patients was 7.7 times higher than in healthy controls (P <0.05). In addition, IL-12 (P = 0.003) and C3 (P <0.0001) were significantly decreased in the test group compared to controls. Conclusions: WT1 expression levels are significantly higher in patients compared with control subjects whereas serum levels of interleukin-12 and C3 are significantly lower in patients. Wt1 expression levels in patients are inversely related with serum levels of IL-12 and C3.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.40-54
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• 2006

Objective: This study aimed to identify the different effects of GMCSBHT water-extract and ethanol-extract on Th1/Th2 differentiation by monitoring Th1/Th2 specific cytokine secretion patterns and the transcriptional activities of T-bet, GATA-3, c-maf, $INF{\gamma}$ and IL-4. Materials and Methods: Spleen cells from eight week-old BALB/c mice were cultured in GMCSBHT extracts containing medium without activation for 24 hours and with activation for 48 hours. CD4+ T cells were isolated and mRNA expression levels of $INF{\gamma}$, IL-4, T-bet, GATA-3, c-maf by RT-PCR and secretion cytokines levels of $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 by ELISA were analyzed. Results: GMCSBHT extracts didn't have mitogenic effects on the unstimulated CD4+ T cells. In Th1 skewed condition, GMCSBAHT water extract had no significant effects on mRNA expression levels of $IFN{\gamma}$, T-bet and c-maf, but inhibited mRNA expression levels of IL-4, GATA-3. It showed significantly increased secretion cytokine levels of $IFN{\gamma}$, but had no significant effect on secretion cytokine levels of IL-4. In Th2 skewed condition, GMCSBHT ethanol extract inhibited mRNA expression levels of $INF{\gamma}$, IL-4, GATA-3 and c-maf significantly, but had no significant effects on mRNA expression levels of T-bet. It had no significant effects on secretion cytokine levels of $INF{\gamma}$, but showed remarkable inhibitory effects on secretion cytokine levels of IL-4. Conclusion: Results suggest that on Th1/Th2 deviation, GMCSBHT water extract has both amplifying effects on Th1 differentiation and inhibitory effects on Th2, but GMCSBHT ethanol extract has stronger inhibitory effects on Th2 differentiation than on Th1.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6019-6026
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and HBV-related diseases and whether these polymorphisms influence its expression in the Guangxi Zhuang population. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 129 chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients, 86 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 160 healthy controls in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to detect IL-18 gene -607C/A, -137G/C polymorphisms, and an ELISA kit was employed to determine serum IL-18 levels. Results: No correlation was found between the -607C/A polymorphism and risk of HBV-related disease. For the -137G/C polymorphism, the GC genotype and C allele were associated with a significantly lower risk of CHB (95%CI: 0.32-0.95, p=0.034 and 95%CI: 0.35-0.91, p=0.018) and HBV-related LC (95%CI: 0.24-0.89, p=0.022 and 95%CI: 0.28-0.90, p=0.021). A similar decreased risk was also found with the A-607C-137 haplotype. With respect to IL-18 expression, it was significantly lower in both patient groups, but no association was noted between the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene and its expression. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the -137C allele in the IL-18 gene may be a protective factor for HBV-related disease, and serum IL-18 level may be inversely associated with CHB and HBV-related LC.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.36-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DOGO phreatic water containing sulphur on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse. Methods : We made DOGO phreatic water removed sulphur using Twin Alternating Sulfate Eater. After making atopic dermatitis caused by sensitizing NC/Nga mouse to DNCB(dinitrochlorobenzene), we made mouse swim in tanks each filled with distilled water, tap water, DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur), DOGO phreatic water(remove sulphur) for 30minutes everyday. 3weeks later, we analyzed skin clinical score, total IgE levels(by ELISA), WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes), absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$, CCR3 mRNA expressions(by Real-time PCR), IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels(by ELISA), histologic test(by H&E staining, toluidine blue staining). Results : The results of making NC/Nga mouse induced atopic dermatitis swim in tanks filled with DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) are as follows. 1. Skin clinical scores were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 2. Total IgG levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 3. WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes) were decreased significantly in c.mparison to control group. 4. Absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$ were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 5. CCR3 mRNA expressions were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 6. IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 7. The epithelial tissue thickness, leucocytes infiltration, erythema, edema, excoriation, scaling, mast cells infiltrations in dorsal skin were decreased in comparison to control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) can be used for helping treat atopic dermatitis.