• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

Objective: We compared the skeletal and dental changes that resulted from the use of two methods of intermaxillary fixation (IMF)-miniscrews and surgical archwire-in 74 adult patients who had Class III malocclusion and were treated with the same orthognathic surgical procedure at a hospital in Korea. Methods: All the patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with rigid fixation. They were divided into two groups according to the type of IMF used-group 1 underwent surgical archwire fixation and group 2 underwent orthodontic miniscrew fixation. In a series of cephalograms for each patient, we compared vertical and horizontal tooth-position measurements: (a) immediately after surgery ($T_0$), (b) 3 months after surgery ($T_1$), and (c) 6 months after surgery ($T_2$). Cephalometric changes within each group were examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) while the independent samples t -test procedure was used to compare the two groups. Results: After surgery, the maxillary incisors tended to be proclined in both groups although there were no significant differences. Incisor overbite increased significantly in both groups from $T_0$ to $T_1$, and the miniscrew group (group 2) showed slightly greater overbite than the archwire group (group 1). Conclusions: This study suggest that the use of orthodontic miniscrews and orthodontic surgical archwire for IMF in adult patients results in similar skeletal and dental changes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to examine the effects of sling exercise and common exercise on the pain level of various body parts. Methods: This study divided the subjects into a sling-exercise group and a common exercise group to for each group across the measurement times after practicing exercises twice per week for 8 weeks (total 16times). To compare the means of the experimental group and the control group on each variable, the ANOVA for repeated measure was used and if there was any significant difference across the measurement times, post-hoc comparisons were conducted for the difference. The T-tests for group difference according to exercise type on each of the variables showed the results as follows. Results: The results of this study suggest that there were significant difference in pain in shoulder pain, but no significant difference could be found in the Thoracic pain & Knee joint pain. There was no significant difference to distinguish between the sling exercise and the common exercise. Conclusions: Currently the sling exercise is not spread out widely in Korea, so that the recognition and studies of the sling exercise is still lacking. Hence, this study can hopefully facilitate popularity of the sling exercise and systematic prospect studies on it in the near future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.550-560
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• 2000

In this study, shear bond strength of two bonding systems were measured and appearance of dentin surfaces were observed with SEM according to the storage time of eugenol on dentin surface, thus evaluated the effect of eugenol on bond strength of two dentin bonding systems. Control groups were directly bonded to dentin surface with One Step, Prime & Bond 2.1. Experimental groups were divided into experimental I and II according to dentin bonding agents. After eugenol application, dentin surfaces were bonded with One Step and Prime & Bond 2.1 according to the each storage time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1week, and then control and experimental groups were filled with light cured composite resin(Z-100). After 24 hours water storage at $37^{\circ}C$, all samples were subjected to a shear load to fracture at a cross head 1.0mm/min with Instron universal testing machine(No. 4467). Etched dentin surface storaged for each time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1 week after eugenol application were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi S-2300) at 20kvp. The data were evaluated statistically with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. The results were as follows; 1. Shear bond strengths were higher in control groups than in the experimental groups. 2. As storage time was increased after eugenol application, the shear bond strengths were decreased in experimental groups. 3. In experimental I, II the shear bond strengths were the lowest in which storage time was 1 week after eugenol application. 4. As storage time was increased after eugenol application, etched dentin surfaces showed obstructed dentinal tubule.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 1995

Composite resin and glass-ionomer cement can be used for the purpose of repair of defective amalgam restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of esthetic restorative materials to dental amalgam. The materials used in this study were Photo Clearfil Bright(light curing composite resin), Clearfil F II(chemical curing composite resin), Fuji II LC(light curing glass-ionomer cement), Fuji II (chemical curing glass-ionomer cement), All-Bond 2(intermediary), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (intermediary). A total of 120 acrylic cylinders with amalgam were divided into 8 groups After amalgam condensation, all specimens were stored for 48 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between amalgam and composite resins and glass-ionomer cements. The data were analyzes statiscally by ANOVA and Duncan test. The following results obtained ; 1. The shear bond strength of bonded composite resin to amalgam was higher than bonded glass-ionomer cement(P<.001). 2. The group 4 had highest shear bond strength with 15.45kgf/$cm^2$ and the group 5 had lowest shear bond strenght with 3.26kgf/$cm^2$(P<.001). 3. In the group 3, 4, 5, 6, the group 3, 4 with All-Bond 2 had higher shear bond strength than the group 5, 6 with Scotch bond MP both in light-curing and in chemical curing. 4. Both in composite resin and glass-ionomer cement, chemical curing materials had higher shear bond stength than light curing materials(P<.001).

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between quality of sleep, symptom cluster, depression, environmental disorder, and quality of life among hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: The subjects were 114 patients who underwent chemotherapy for colon cancer, gastric cancer, gynecologic cancer and breast cancer. They were recruited from the cancer center of a university hospital. Data were collected from August 4th to 30th, 2011. The questionnaires included the Korean sleep scale A (quality of sleep), MDASI-K (symptom cluster), the environmental sleep disturbing scale, Zung's depression scale, and the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C30. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: Functional QOL was negatively associated with symptom QOL (r=-.798, p<.001). Symptom cluster, depression, & spouse (46.3%) were the most powerful predictors for functional QOL (46.3%) and symptom QOL (53.4%). Conclusion: It is evident that oncology nurses need to evaluate two dimensions of quality of life for cancer patients, for example, functional and symptom QOL. We recommend nurses develop specific protocols for relieving physical symptoms and alleviating depression, and furthermore test the effectiveness of them.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Purpose : Most of the moderns have been spent sedentary life style in front of desk or on the chairs, so that their hamstring muscles are shorted commonly and the shortness of hamstring muscles are caused to some problems in functional activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of thermotherapy with hot-pack and ultrasound on the tightness of hamstring muscles in individuals with hamstring tightness. Method : Twenty-eight persons with hamstring tightness participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three exercise groups: stretching group(n=10), hot-pack group(n=9), and ultrasound group(n=9). Before experiment, this study measured the angle of hip flexion using a inclinometer in all participants. Stretching group conducted actively stretching on their shorted leg for 30 seconds, 3 times, and rest for 10 seconds between each exercises. Hot-pack group have applied hot-pack($70{\sim}75^{\circ}C$) on shorted hamstring muscles for 20 minutes before stretching exercise. Ultrasound group have applied therapeutic ultrasound(1 MHz and 1.5W/cm2) on shorted hamstring muscles for 10 minutes before stretching exercise. All data was analysed using one-way repeated ANOVA. Result : The results revealed that ultrasound therapy before stretching is more effective to the flexibility on hamstring muscles than hot-pack before stretching and stretching only. Conclusion : The results of this study show that thermotherapy with therapeutic ultrasound will be effective on the shortness of hamstring muscles before stretching exercise.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.287-303
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• 2017

In order to understand the characteristics of affect of elementary school students in this study, we used a questionnaire developed by Hannula (2012) to measure elementary students' beliefs and affective factors about mathematics based on the emotional, cognitive, and motivational dimensions of the affect of personal level. Statistical analysis and one-way ANOVA were conducted to identify the characteristics of elementary school students' beliefs and affective factors about mathematics according to mathematics achievement level, grade level, and gender. Regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the factors. The results of this study are compared with the results of the previous study which used comparative study of elementary school students in Finland and Chile using the questionnaire used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.423-430
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to (a) measuring attitude and satisfaction of Yonsei university students towards contracted vs. rented university foodservices, (b) determine university students' overall satisfaction & perception regarding the factors improved towards university foodservice and (c) provide recommendation on marketing strategies for university foodservices. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 600 Yonsei University students by designated coordinators. A total of 549 questionnaires were usable; resulting in an 93% response rate. The survey was conducted between October 12 to October 18, 1995. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS Programs for descriptive analysis, T-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA, Factor Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Performance mean score for contracted foodservice management in terms of food, menu, price, hygiene, facilities was higher than for rented foodservice management. 2. The average satisfaction score for contracted foodservice management in terms of price was lower than for rented foodservice management. There was no gap between contracted foodservice management and rented foodservice management in overall satisfaction score and price satisfaction score. 3. Perception regarding the factors improved of thirteen factors to be improved except operating hours, waiting time, price, food quantity were perceived as better by students. 4. Perception regarding the factors improved have correlation with foodservice qualify attribute's performance. 5. According to multiple regression analysis, 92.05% of the variance in respondents' satisfaction score could be explained by procedure after meal, purchasing procedure, operating hours, availability of breakfast, waiting time, atmosphere, price, facilities, service endeavor to survey satisfaction in foodservice, availability of kitchen and wall space, portion size, taste of food, change of cafeteria name, the number of seats, and variety of menu.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.452-460
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• 2000

Aspects of health food intake were investigated by conducting a questionnaire survey with over 480 of adults in Taejon and the data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA, using an SAS program. Eighty two percent of the subjects had taken some kind of health food. The health foods they took frequently were, for example, health drinks, green tea, ginseng products, dietary fiber drinks, honey, general tea, vitamin B, vitamin C, and tonic medicines. The main reason for taking health foods was recovery from fatigue and the frequency of taking health foods was one time per day. Most of the subjects took health foods without knowledge of their components or effects. When they health foods with a perceived knowledge of their components and effects, they responded that the health foods were very helpful for them. Twenty percent of subjects experienced side effects, such as diarrhea, stomachache, headache, nettle rash, and stomach cramps. Information on health foods was obtained mainly from friends or family. The user group showed higher intention to continue health food intake than non users(p < 0.001). Health foods were taken without any knowledge about them. Health food intake was significantly correlated with consideration of disease, suffering or disease, medical examination, and self-perceived health status, but not with food habits and health food knowledge. As for the results from the adults consumption pattern of health food, an education program should be developed to choose proper health foods according to the consumers dietary life and health conditions. Also a proper guide line should be established to be chosen the authorized health foods.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives : This research was investigated to evaluate the psychological characteristics and changes of psychological state among dental orthodontic patients. Methods : This cross-sectional questionnaire research was conducted with 230 dental orthodontic patients in Busan from December 23, 2009 to March 6, 2010. The psychological analysis of dental orthodontic treatment patients was performed with Symptom checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R) considering 5 general characteristics and 2 treatment period related characteristics. Estimated psychological results were changed T-score. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA using SAS(ver 9.1) program. Results : The levels of T-score of SCL-90-R were $43.88{\pm}7.50$ in hostility(HOS), $43.38{\pm}4.64$ in phobic anxiety(PHOB), $43.20{\pm}6.24$ in somatization(SOM), $42.13{\pm}6.71$ in paranoid ideation(PAR), $41.39{\pm}8.16$ in interpersonal sensitive(I-S), $41.01{\pm}7.90$ in obsessive-compulsive(O-C), $40.96{\pm}5.37$ in psychoticism(PSY), $40.96{\pm}5.19$ in anxiety(ANX) and $39.81{\pm}6.80$ in depression(DEP), respectively. The T-score of phobic anxiety in before treatment group was higher than that of treatment groups. The T-score of interpersonal sensitive and paranoid ideation in over 36 months treatment period group were higher than that of other treatment period groups. Conclusions : Phobic anxiety(PHOB), interpersonal sensitive(I-S) and paranoid ideation(PAR) were affected in pre-treatment and long-term treatment dental orthodontic patients. Psychological management methods considering treatment period are needed to improve mental health of dental orthodontic patients.