• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of this study were to discuss treatment and prevention under the age of 18 to identify the characteristics of the electrical burn patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 97 patients with under age 18 of electric burn who were treated in emergency department of quarterly over 10,000 targets within the desired hospital for evaluation of electrical injuries between January 1, 2009 and December, 2013. We investigated age, gender, injury mechanism, season, degree of burn, surface of burn, complication, blood test, and voltage, kind of current. Results: Of the patients, 50 (50.5%) patients were in the first degree burn and 47 (49.5%) patients were in second degree burn. 68 (70.1%) patients had electric burn at home. 75 (85.2%) of 88 patients had normal sinus rhythm and other 13 people showed a RBBB, VPC, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia. 41 (42.3) of 97 patients were in infants and 26 (26.8%) patients were in adolescence. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the need for prevention of electricity at home for childhood and education of the adolescence.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Scar contracture influence the outcome of burn patients significantly. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted training for the lower extremity rehabilitation of burn patients. Methods: This pilot study was conducted on 7 burn patients for 8 weeks between January 2019 and November 2019. Two of 7 patients withdrew from this study because one had skin abrasion on the legs which thigh fastening devices were applied on and the other was not participate in the assessment at 4 weeks after training. Final 5 patients received gait training with SUBAR^® and numeric rating scale (NRS), 6-minutes walking test, and range of motion in flexion and extension of knee and ankle joint were evaluated before training, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after training. Results: The subjects had a mean age of 51.8±98 years, mean total burn surface area of 30.8±13.7%, mean duration from injury to 1^st assessment of 102.8±39.3 days. Anyone of 5 patients did not have musculoskeletal or cardiovascular side effects such as increased or decreased blood pressure or dizziness. The significant improvement in NRS, gait speed, and range of motion in knee extension and ankle plantarflexion after robotic training (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Robot-assisted training could be feasible for the rehabilitation of burn patients and it could improve muscle strength and range of motion in lower extremities, and gait function.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Purpose: Little information has been published regarding minor burn injuries in infants, most of which are preventable. To fill this research gap, this study explored the patterns and mechanisms of burn injuries in infants to ascertain whether such incidents can be prevented. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on data collected prospectively from all infants (<12 months old) admitted to our hospital with burns in the four-year period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. A medical record review provided basic demographic information, such as age at the time of injury, sex, cause of injury, duration of treatment, operative treatment, and the extent and type of burn, as well as the anatomical region involved. Results: Fifty-seven infants were diagnosed with burn injuries, with scalding being the most common type (47%), followed by contact (32%) and steam (14%). Seven infants of eight steam burn patients injured by pressure cooker. Superficial second degree was the most common depth of injury (72%) followed by first degree (17%) and deep second degree (8%). Average age per injury type was calculated by independent T-test. Average ages of patients with contact and steam burns were significantly lower (7.06 months; P=0.19) and higher (9.25 months; P=0.005), respectively, than for other burn types. Conclusion: Given that infants cannot control their body movements, talk, or manage by themselves, they are entirely dependent on the proper care of adults. Consequently, in addition to the prevention of burns, special care should be taken for the pressure cooker.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

As the 4th industrial age approaches, the demand for semiconductors is increasing enough to be used in all electronic devices. At the same time, semiconductor technology is also developing day by day, leading to ultraprecision and low power consumption. Semiconductors that keep getting smaller generate heat because the energy density increases, and the generated heat changes the shape of the semiconductor package, so it is important to manage. The temperature change is not only self-heating of the semiconductor package, but also heat generated by external damage. If the package is deformed, it is necessary to manage it because functional problems and performance degradation such as damage occur. The package burn in test in the post-process of semiconductor production is a process that tests the durability and function of the package in a high-temperature environment, and heat dissipation performance can be evaluated. In this paper, we intend to review a new material formulation that can improve the performance of the adapter, which is one of the parts of the test socket used in the burn-in test. It was confirmed what characteristics the basic base showed when polyamide, a high-molecular material, and alumina, which had high thermal conductivity, were mixed for each magnification. In this study, functional evaluation was also carried out by injecting an adapter, a part of the test socket, at the same time as the specimen was manufactured. Verification of stiffness such as tensile strength and flexural strength by mixing ratio, performance evaluation such as thermal conductivity, and manufacturing of a dummy device also confirmed warpage. As a result, it was confirmed that the thermal stability was excellent. Through this study, it is thought that it can be used as basic data for the development of materials for burn-in sockets in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2012

Repair and strengthening is necessary to extend the service life of existing buildings. Polymer-modified cement mortar (PCM) has been extensively used as a high performance material particularly for finishing and repairing works in concrete building because of itsexcellent adhesion, waterproofing, resistance to chemical attack, and workability. As PCM contains organic polymer, it is necessary to clarify its properties at high temperature under fire, on which sufficient data are not available. This paper evaluated the burn-up characteristics of polymer-modified cement mortar with cone calorimeter test, non-combustibility test and flammability test with experimental parameters such as the types of polymer, unit-polymer content, polymer-cement ratio and thickness of the specimen.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

The possibility of biomaterials prepared from natural polymer as a skin substitute was evaluated by measuring biocompatibility. Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blend method in the weight ratio of chitosan for the purpose of useful biomaterials. These films were inserted in the back of rat and their biodegradability was investigated by the film weight and hematology as a function of time for the biotransformation. The result of rat test showed that medium, high viscosity chitosan induced some suspects of inbiocompatibililty in the tissue by foreign body reaction 48 and 72 hours after implantation. Also, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by low viscosity chitosan. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burn and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of the naked eye and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from chitosan was effective reduction of inflammation than negative group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job stress, burn-out and job satisfaction between intensive care unit nurses and general unit nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 100 intensive care unit nurses and 100 general unit nurses in university's hospitals. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, -test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient by using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significantly negative correlation in the score of job stress and job satisfaction in both groups of nurses. Job stress of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of intensive care nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Job stress of general unit nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, department satisfaction. Conclusions: The appropriate rewards for intensive care nurses and general unit nurses to decrease their job stress will be needed in hospital settings. In addition, a plan for systemic nurse training program is needed to provide high quality nursing education for each unit nurses effectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.587-591
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• 2006

Purpose: Since Rheinwald and Green laid the foundation of epidermal cell culture technology in 1975, many clinicians and scientists have attempted to prove the effectiveness of cultured epidermal autologous(CEA) or homogenetic(CEH) grafts in the wound healing process. In contrast to CEA which cultured from a patient's skin on demand, Cultured Epidermal Homograft(CEH) can be readily available to use on cleaned wounds. In this study, we conducted a controlled clinical trial in order to confirm the effectiveness of CEH in treating partial-thickness 2nd degree burn wounds. Methods: From July 2003 to January 2004 at Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, we performed a clinical trial in which 35 patients who suffered from 2nd degree burns were enrolled. Wounds were randomly divided into two parts, control and test sites. Test sites were treated with allogeneic keratinocyte sheets ($Kaloderm^{(R)}$, Tegoscience Inc.), a CEH commercialized in Korea. Results: All wounds healed completely without any major complication. The complete healing took $8.3{\pm}2.8$($mean{\pm}S.D.$) days in the test sites as opposed to $11.7{\pm}3.3days$ in the control sites. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that CEH accelerates re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn wounds and CEH can be an safe alternative to skin grafts for 2nd degree burns.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the correlation between defense mechanism and posttraumatic stress disorder in burn patients. Methods : We recruit 40 burn patients and we evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics related to burn, korean version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Korean Version of Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) and Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test (EDMT). Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between EDMT score and IES-R score. Results : Factor 2 of EDMT which consists of Ego-expansion subjects was significantly correlate with IER-S score. In factor 2, Controlling (β=-0.299, p<0.05), Sublimation (β=-0.276, p<0.05) is significantly correlate with IER-S score. Conclusions : Some subjects of defense mechanism was significantly correlate with IES-R score. it might be helpful to understand defense mechanism for the posttraumatic stress disorder in burn patients.