• Title/Summary/Keyword: building resilience

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The Study of MP-MAS Utilization to Support Decision-Making for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rice Farming (벼농사의 기후스마트농업을 위한 의사결정지원시스템 MP-MAS 활용 연구)

  • Kim, Hakyoung;Kim, Joon;Choi, Sung-Won;Indrawati, Yohana Maria
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.378-388
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    • 2016
  • International societies are currently working together to achieve the Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiative which aims the triple wins: (1) sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; (2) adapting and building resilience to climate change; and (3) mitigating greenhouse gases emissions. In terms of its scope and context, CSA follows the '3Nong (三農)' vision cast about 200 years ago by Dasan Jeong Yak-Yong who emphasized the triad of governance, management and monitoring towards comfortable, profitable and noble agriculture. Yet, the CSA provides the practical aims that facilitate the development of holistic indicators for quantitative evaluation and monitoring, on which decision-making support system is based. In this study, we introduce an agent-based model, i.e. Mathematical Programming Multi-Agent Systems (MP-MAS), as a tool for supporting the decision-making toward CSA. We have established the initial version of MP-MAS adapted for domestic use and present the preliminary results from an application to the rice farming case in Haenam, Korea. MP-MAS can support both farmers and policy-makers to consider diverse management options from multiple perspectives. When the modules for system resilience and carbon footprint are added, MP-MAS will serve as a robust tool that fulfills not only CSA but also Dasan's '3Nong' vision of sustainable agricultural-societal systems.

Evolution Characteristics and Drivers of Gumi National Industrial Complex (구미국가산업단지의 진화 과정의 특성과 그 동인)

  • Jeon, Ji-Hye;Lee, Chul-Woo
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.303-320
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    • 2018
  • This study analyzes the characteristics of the evolution process of the Gumi National Industrial Complex as well as its external and internal drivers based on the cluster adaptation cycle model. The Gumi National Industrial Complex has made remarkable progress through expansion in spatial and industrial realm and has become a representative IT industry cluster in Korea. It evolved during a growth period from the 1990s, a maturity period from the mid-2000s, and a mature stagnation period from the mid-2010s. But it has now entered a period of decline. While external drivers at the international and national level greatly influenced the Gumi National Industrial Complex in its evolution from foundation-building to maturity, internal drivers such as the outflow of large firms as well as a lack of SME research capacity and institutional base have added to the management difficulties of SMEs in the mature stagnation period. Therefore, in order for the Gumi National Industrial Complex to move into a revitalization period that strengthens resilience against external shocks, it is necessary to enhance the capacity of SMEs by expanding the roles of the central government, local government, and support agencies. In addition, it is necessary to create and embed strong medium enterprises within the Gumi National Industrial Complex, so that the Complex can be reborn as a sustainable innovation ecosystem.

SDGs approach towards Building Resilience to Disaster and Climate Change (재해에 대한 리질리넌스 확보를 위한 지속가능개발목표의 이행)

  • Hong, Ilpyo;Park, Jihyeon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.77-77
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    • 2016
  • 최근 기후변화로 인한 수문기상학적인 극한 사상들은 점점 대형화되고 있고, 그 발생빈도 또한 잦아지고 있다. 인구의 증가와 급격한 도시화, 자산 가치의 증가 등으로 물과 관련된 재해로 인한 피해는 점점 더 규모가 커지고 있다. 홍수와 가뭄, 허리케인, 쓰나미와 같이 물과 관련된 재해는 그 영향을 받는 사람들의 수로 본다면 지구상의 재해 중 90%를 차지하고 있을 만큼 그 규모가 크다 할 수 있으며, 전세계적으로 물관련 재해로 인한 재산상의 피해를 약 1,000억 달러 규모로 추산하고 있는데, 2030년에는 그 현재의 두 배가 될 것으로 예측하고 있다. 이와 같은 재해로 인한 피해는 개도국이나 최빈국뿐만 아니라 관련 인프라가 잘 구축되어 있는 선진국 또한 예외는 아니다. 2015년 9월 UN 세계지속가능 정상 회의에서 각국의 수반들 또한 17개의 "지속가능개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs)"를 채택함으로서 post-2015 아젠다가 세계를 지속가능하고 균형 있게 바꾸어 나가기 위해서 취해야 하는 가장 시급하고 필요한 과감한 혁신적인 조치임을 인식하였다. 재해경감과 지속가능개발은 2005년 채택된 "효고프레임웍(Hyogo Framework for Action) 2005-2015"에서 도 중요하게 다루어 졌다. 2015년 3월 제3차 세계재해경감대회에서 채택된 "센다이 프레임웍(Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction) 2015-2030"은 Post-2015 개발의제의 첫 번째 합의 결의안이라 할 수 있으며, 인명피해의 실질적인 감소와 재해에 의한 영향으로 피해 보는 사람들의 수를 줄이고, 경제적 손실과 대형 인프라 피해의 경감을 주요 타겟으로 하고 있다. 이와 같은 리질리언스의 중요성은 SDGs의 Goal 11인 "안전하고 지속가능한 도시와 정주지 조성(Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable)"에서 강조되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 다양한 골에서 재해로 부터의 리질리언스 확보에 대한 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 재해 위험을 경감시키기 위해서 국제적으로, 지역적으로 또는 국경을 넘어서는 협력 관계의 구축이 중앙정부나 지방정부를 비롯한 국가적으로 절대적으로 필요한 노력이라 할 수 있다. 특히나, Post-2015 개발 아젠다에 대한 기후변화와 재해경감을 위한 금융지원을 포함한 최빈국, 개도국, 군소 도서국가들과 중견국 선진국들의 양자간이나 다자간 협력 채널을 통한 역량 강화가 필요하다.

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Seismic Retrofit Assessment of Different Bracing Systems

  • Sudipta Chakraborty;Md. Rajibul Islam;Dookie Kim;Jeong Young Lee
    • Architectural research
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2023
  • Structural ageing influences the structural performance in a negative way by reducing the seismic resilience of the structure which makes it a major concern around the world. Retrofitting is considered to be a pragmatic and feasible solution to address this issue. Numerous retrofitting techniques are devised by researchers over the years. The viability of using steel bracings as retrofitting component is evaluated on a G+30 storied building model designed according to ACI318-14 and ASCE 7-16. Four different types of steel bracing arrangements (V, Inverted V/ Chevron, Cross/ X, Diagonal) are assessed in the model developed in commercial nu-merical analysis software while considering both material and geometric nonlinearities. Reducing displacement and cost in the structures indicates that the design is safe and economical. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to find the best bracing system that causes minimum displacement, which indicates maximum lateral stiffness. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability of each system, incremental dynamic analysis was conducted to develop fragility curves, followed by the formation of collapse margin ratio (CMR) as stipulated in FEMA P695 and finally, a cost estimation was made for each system. The outcomes revealed that the effects of ge-ometric nonlinearity tend to evoke hazardous consequences if not considered in the structural design. Probabilistic seismic and economic probes indicated the superior performance of V braced frame system and its competency to be a germane technique for retrofitting.

Establishing the Progress Orientation of Flood Management and a Framework for Sustainable Flood Management Employing an Interview Survey (설문조사를 통한 홍수관리 발전방향과 지속가능한 홍수관리 프레임워크 수립)

  • Kang, Min Goo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.6B
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    • pp.527-535
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    • 2009
  • In this study, employing an interview survey, the progress orientation of flood management is established, and a framework and process for sustainable flood management in a river basin's context are developed to effectively achieve its goals and objectives. The Interview survey about flood management shows that to reduce flood damage, it is necessary to subdue injudicious man-made developments, to make systematic long-term plans, and to consistently implement them. In the framework, the goal is established as minimizing flood damage and building resilience against flooding, and an implementing methodology is developed, integrating five elements: integrated flood management, flood risk management, integrated watershed management, participatory decision-making process, and adaptive management. Also, evaluating the state of flood management in river basins' context is incorporated into the framework, and the evaluation results are fed back to the goal and the methodology. To effectively implement flood management, an adaptive flood management process is developed, reflecting the results of the interview survey. In this process, the participation of the persons concerned is secured, the state of flood management are evaluated periodically, and measures appropriate to the specific sites are selected and are adaptively carried out.

Behaviour insights on damage-control composite beam-to-beam connections with replaceable elements

  • Xiuzhang He;Michael C.H. Yam;Ke Ke;Xuhong Zhou;Huanyang Zhang;Zi Gu
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.773-791
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    • 2023
  • Connections with damage concentrated to pre-selected components can enhance seismic resilience for moment resisting frames. These pre-selected components always yield early to dissipate energy, and their energy dissipation mechanisms vary from one to another, depending on their position in the connection, geometry configuration details, and mechanical characteristics. This paper presents behaviour insights on two types of beam-to-beam connections that the angles were designed as energy dissipation components, through the results of experimental study and finite element analysis. Firstly, an experimental programme was reviewed, and key responses concerning the working mechanism of the connections were presented, including strain distribution at the critical section, section force responses of essential components, and initial stiffness of test specimens. Subsequently, finite element models of three specimens were established to further interpret their behaviour and response that were not observable in the tests. The moment and shear force transfer paths of the composite connections were clarified through the test results and finite element analysis. It was observed that the bending moment is mainly resisted by axial forces from the components, and the dominant axial force is from the bottom angles; the shear force at the critical section is primarily taken by the slab and the components near the top flange. Lastly, based on the insights on the load transfer path of the composite connections, preliminary design recommendations are proposed. In particular, a resistance requirement, quantified by a moment capacity ratio, was placed on the connections. Design models and equations were also developed for predicting the yield moment resistance and the shear resistance of the connections. A flexible beam model was proposed to quantify the shear resistance of essential components.

Selection and Management Strategies for Restoration and Conservation Target Sites of Mankyua chejuense using Species Distribution Models (종 분포 모형을 활용한 제주고사리삼의 복원 및 보전 대상지 선정과 관리방안)

  • Lee, Sang-Wook;Jang, Rae-Ik;Oh, Hong-Shik;Jeon, Seong-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.29-42
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    • 2023
  • As the destruction of habitats due to recent development continues, there is also increasing interest in endangered species. Mankyua chejuense is a vulnerable species that is sensitive to changes in population and habitat, and it has recently been upgraded from Endangered Species II to Endangered Species I, requiring significant management efforts. So in this study, we analyzed the potential habitats of Mankyua chejuense using MaxEnt(Maximum Entropy) modeling. We developed three models: one that considered only environmental characteristics, one that considered artificial factors, and one that reflected the habitat of dominant tree species in the overstory. Based on previous studies, we incorporated environmental and human influence factors for the habitats of Mankyua chejuense into spatial information, and we also used the habitat distribution models of dominant tree species, including Ulmus parvifolia, Maclura tricuspidata, and Ligustrum obtusifolium, that have been previously identified as major overstory species of Mankyua chejuense. Our analysis revealed that rock exposure, elevation, slope, forest type, building density, and soil type were the main factors determining the potential habitat of Mankyua chejuense. Differences among the three models were observed in the edges of the habitats due to human influence factors, and results varied depending on the similarity of the habitats of Mankyua chejuense and the dominant tree species in the overstory. The potential habitats of Mankyua chejuense presented in this study include areas where the species could potentially inhabit in addition to existing habitats. Therefore, these results can be used for the conservation and management planning of Mankyua chejuense.

The Strategy of Korea's Environmental Official Development Assistance Project (한국 공적개발원조 사업의 방향과 전략 : 환경 분야를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Yookyung;Lee, Hojun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.69-69
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    • 2022
  • 2010년부터 2019년까지 지난 10년간 한국의 ODA 현황을 규모와 유형 측면에서 살펴보면, 양자 간 원조 중 유·무상원조 비중은 큰 변동 없이 OECD DAC 회원국의 평균을 밑돌고, 다자 간원조는 21~31% 수준을 유지하고 있다. 프로젝트 원조가 꾸준히 가장 큰 비중을 차지하며 사회 인프라 및 서비스 분야에서 가장 많은 사업이 추진되고 있다. 특히, 수자원과 위생 부문은 사회 인프라 및 서비스 분야에서 보건(33%)과 교육(25%)에 이어 가장 높은 비중(19%)을 차지하고 있다(10년 누계, 약정 기준). 2020년 7월, 현 정부는 '개발 협력을 통한 코로나19 회복력 강화 프로그램(Agenda for Building resilience against COVID-19 through development cooperation, 일명 ABC 프로그램)'을 발표하고, 개도국의 경제·사회 회복력 강화를 위하여 기존 ODA 사업에 ICT와 친환경 사업 요소를 접목한 디지털 및 그린뉴딜 ODA 사업을 적극 발굴, 추진하겠다고 밝혔다. 지난 10년간, 한국과 가장 많은 다자 간 원조를 추진한 지역개발은행(36%)과 세계은행그룹(35%)에서도 코로나19와 같은 위기극복하기 위한 뉴노멀로서 환경 사업의 비중을 높이고 있다. 예컨대, 아시아개발은행은 코로나19에 대응하기 위한 도시 차원의 단·중기 행동 계획으로 도시 상하수도 시설의 지속적인 원활한 운영과 필수적인 물, 위생, 보건(WaSH) 서비스 제공을 최우선적인 조치로 발표하였다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 한국의 ODA 정책 방향을 검토하고 국제사회의 추진 동향을 분석하여 향후 한국이 특화하고 경쟁력을 가질 수 있는 환경 분야의 ODA 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과는 ODA를 통해 해외 진출을 도모하는 민간기업과 국력 향상의 수단으로써 ODA를 적극적으로 활용하겠다는 기조를 지닌 새 정부의 ODA 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

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A Correlation Analysis between International Oil Price Fluctuations and Overseas Construction Order Volumes using Statistical Data (통계 데이터를 활용한 국제 유가와 해외건설 수주액의 상관성 분석)

  • Park, Hwan-Pyo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.273-284
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    • 2024
  • This study investigates the impact of international oil price fluctuations on overseas construction orders secured by domestic and foreign companies. The analysis employs statistical data spanning the past 20 years, encompassing international oil prices, overseas construction orders from domestic firms, and new overseas construction orders from the top 250 global construction companies. The correlation between these variables is assessed using correlation coefficients(R), determination coefficients(R2), and p-values. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between international oil prices and overseas construction orders. The correlation coefficient between domestic overseas construction orders and oil prices is found to be 0.8 or higher, signifying a significant influence. Similarly, a high correlation coefficient of 0.76 is observed between oil prices and new orders from leading global construction companies. Further analysis reveals a particularly strong correlation between oil prices and overseas construction orders in Asia and the Middle East, potentially due to the prevalence of oil-related projects in these regions. Additionally, a high correlation is observed between oil prices and orders for industrial facilities compared to architectural projects. This suggests an increase in plant construction volumes driven by fluctuations in oil prices. Based on these findings, the study proposes an entry strategy for navigating oil price volatility and maintaining competitiveness in the overseas construction market. Key recommendations include diversifying project locations and supplier bases; utilizing hedging techniques for exchange rate risk management, adapting to local infrastructure and market conditions, establishing local partnerships and securing skilled local labor, implementing technological innovations and digitization at construction sites to enhance productivity and cost reduction The insights gained from this study, coupled with the proposed overseas expansion strategies, offer valuable guidance for mitigating risks in the global construction market and fostering resilience in response to international oil price fluctuations. This approach is expected to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic and foreign construction firms seeking success in the international arena.

Brand Equity and Purchase Intention in Fashion Products: A Cross-Cultural Study in Asia and Europe (상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 - 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Ko, Eun-Ju;Graham, Hooley;Lee, Nick;Lee, Dong-Hae;Jung, Hong-Seob;Jeon, Byung-Joo;Moon, Hak-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.245-276
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    • 2008
  • Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers' perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer's behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers' information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers' purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm's prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder's value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was $X^2$=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was $X^2$=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expanding as rapidly as in Asian markets such as China, Japan, and South Korea. Young consumers in European countries are not more brand and fashion conscious than their counter partners in Asia. The results have theoretical, practical meaning and contributions. In the fashion jeans industry, relatively few studies examining the viability of cross-national brand equity has been studied. This study provides insight on building global brand equity and suggests information process elements like information search and information resources are working differently in Asia and Europe for fashion jean market.

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