• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.444-447
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• 2003

Sleeve pneumonectomy can be a method of treatment in a selected patient with bronchogenic carcinoma involving carina. A 64 years old male with a history of mitral valve replacement via midsternotomy 13 years ago and resection of papilloma of the vocal cord 2 years ago. The patient was admitted due to blood-tinged sputum. Bronchoscopy and computerized tomogram of the chest revealed 3.5 cm mass at lower margin of the trachea and totally obstructing the left main bronchus. A biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. He underwent left sleeve pneumonectomy through sequential bilateral thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass, and the pathologic stage was T4N0M0 stage IIIB. The patient is being followed through the outpatient clinic in good general condition.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2007

Treatment choice for primary pulmonary sarcoma is complete surgical resection. A 69 year old man developed dyspnea due to left lung atelectasis. There was endobronchial tumor completely obstructing the left main bronchus. The tumor was resected completely by main bronchial resection via a left thoracotomy incision, and diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. Bronchoscopy and computed tomography in 6 months after operation, there was no evidence of recurrence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2003

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted to identify awareness of information, emotional distress, behavioral distress, and perceived value of information in clients who were scheduled for endoscopic examinations, and to determine correlations between the variables. Method: Participants were 87 clients who were scheduled for endoscopic examinations; gastroscopy, bronchoscopy, and colonoscopy. The questionnaires were collected from September to December, 2002 by a trained nurse. Self reports, interviews, and observations were used. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and Scheffe post test using the SPSS/PC 9.0. Result: The score for awareness of information was 17.46, state anxiety was 47.26, emotional distress during exam was 2.90, behavioral distress was 11.18, and perceived value of information was 4.21, Clients aged above 60 showed significantly lower awareness of information than other groups. Clients undergoing broncoscopy reported significantly higher emotional distress during the ekam than subjects for colonoscopy. Clients undergoing gastroscopy showed significantly higher behavioral distress than any of the others. There were no relationships between awareness of information and anxiety, but, a significant positive relationship was found between anxiety and emotional distress during exam, between emotional distress and behavioral distress, and between awareness of information and perceived value of information. Conclusion: Awareness of information by the clients through provision of an educational booklet was low, and clients showed moderate level of state anxiety. Research studies are needed to compare providing information with other interventions for comfortable progress of endoscopic examinations. Especially specific strategies should be established for elderly clients to facilitate awareness of information.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.793-796
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• 2010

Tuberculosis involving the central airway occasionally results in diffuse stenosis in the distal trachea and main bronchus. When the stenosis is more limited to the main bronchus, sleeve resection can be performed with high likelihood of a good result. Bronchial stenosis limited to 2 cm is considered favorable for bronchial sleeve resection. However, a longsegment stenosis may make sleeve resection difficult or impossible, and pneumonectomy or therapeutic bronchoscopy may be performed. An extended sleeve lobectomy is a procedure to remove more than one lobe using a bronchoplasty technique and its applications to the patients with locally advanced lung cancer were reported. We performed an extended sleeve lobectomy in a patient with tuberculous bronchial stenosis involving the right main bronchus, bronchus intermedius, right middle lobar bronchus and right lower lobar bronchus, and report this case with review of literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.209-212
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• 2005

Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown causes, which presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltration, and cutaneous, ocular, bones, and nervous and reticuloendothelial systems involvement, commonly involves young adults of both sexes. Herein, the case of a 70-year-old male, with progressive hoarseness of two weeks' duration and mild dyspnea, is reported. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy, performed to investigate the hoarseness, revealed paralysis of the left vocal cord, but with no other local abnormality. Two nodules, as pathologic findings, showed noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas. We note a rare case of sarcoidosis, with vocal cord palsy, in Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 1995

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) remains the leading cause of death in patients with AIDS. Although the most common radiographic presentation of PCP is the development of diffuse, bilateral interstitial or alveolar infiltrates in 48 to 86 per cent of AIDS patients, PCP may also present with either a completely normal or only minimally abnormal chest radiograph in 6 to 23 per cent of patients. We experienced two patients with AIDS presenting high fever and chest pain but normal chest radiograph, who had been proved to have PCP by bronchoalveolar lavage and trans-bronchial lung biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.403-406
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• 2006

A 66-years-old man was refered to our hospital because of cough, sputum, chill and fever. Enlargement of the trachea and main bronchi on radiography and bronchoscopy is compatible with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Mounier-Kuhn syndrome or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology, characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and major bronchi. This syndrome is associated with tracheal diverticulosis, bronchiectasis and recurrent respiratory tract infection. We report a rare case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome with pneumonia and literature reviews.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2012

Background: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) in bronchial washing fluid with MAGE A1-6 common primers for the detection of lung cancers invisible by bronchoscopy. Methods: To determine the expression of MAGE A1-6 gene in 189 lung cancers diagnosed by conventional fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy and 89 cancer-free controls, RT-nested PCR was performed in bronchial washing specimens. We analyzed MAGE A1-6 RT-nested PCR data according to tumor histology, stage, size, and compared them with cytological data. Results: 189 patients (111 cases in adenocarcinoma, 47 cases in squamous cell carcinoma, 22 cases in small cell lung carcinoma, and 9 cases in other cancers) and 89 benign patients were investigated. The expression of MAGE was performed by nested RT-PCR using common MAGE primer. Among 189 cancer patients, the expression rate of MAGE was 49.2%, and the positive predictive value was 89.4%. However, the expression rate of MAGE in patients with benign lesions was 12.4%. In peripheral lung cancer, the positive rate of MAGE expression was 57.4% in squamous cell carcinoma, 44.1% in adenocarcinoma and 59.1% in small cell lung cancer. Whereas the expression rate of bronchial washing cytology in peripheral lung cancer was 9.0% (p=0.011). Conclusion: MAGE RT-PCR in bronchial washing fluid gave us promising data for the detection of peripheral lung cancer. It could be a useful method for selecting diagnostic tools for peripheral lesions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that is a parasite to humans. The infecting filariform larvae of S. stercoralis enters the host body via the bloodstream, passes through the lungs, penetrates the alveoli, and then ascends the airway to transit down the esophagus into the small bowel. The infection can persist for decades without causing major symptoms and can elicit eosinophilia of varying magnitudes. Of note, this infection can also develop into a disseminated, often fatal, disease (hyperinfection) in patients receiving immunosuppressive corticosteroids. A 65-year-old man who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of spinal stenosis was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain and severe dyspnea. We detected many S. stercoralis larvae in the sputum and in the bronchoalveolar-lavage sample collected by bronchoscopy. Here, we report a fatal case of strongyloidiasis with acute respiratory failure and intestinal perforation. In addition, we provide a brief review of the relevant medical literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1014-1018
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• 1995

To confirm diagnosis and to set proper therapeutic strategy, open lung biopsies were done in 57 patients who were suspected for diffuse interstitial lung disease from January 1985 to December 1994. Among them, 35 were male and 22 were female[M:F=l.6: 1 and mean age of the patients is 53.5$\pm$ 2.3[24-81 years. Tissue for histologic studies were obtained from left lung in 33, from right lung in 24according to the distributions of the pathology. Preoperative diagnostic work-up`s were chest X-ray, CT[HRCT scan, sputum study, bronchoscopy[BAL, TBLB and PTNA and all of them were unsuccessful to confirm diagnosis. In comparison of pulmonary function tests between preoperative and postoperative values, there were no significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC[p 0.05 but in AaDO2[p[0.05 . Postoperative complications including atelectasis, wound infection, pulmonary edema and respiratory insnfficiency, were shown in 5 cases[8.8% , and two of them were died of respiratory failure and sepsis[mortality rate 3.5% . Pathologic diagnosis was confirmed in 53 cases postoperatively but it was undetermined in 4[diagnostic yield rate 93.0% . In comparison between preoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative pathologic diagnosis, new diagnosis were made in 17 cases[29.8% and preoperative tentative diagnosis were confirmed histologically in 36 cases[63.2% . In 4 cases[7.0% , however, diagnoses were not confirmed after biopsies. Therapeutic plans were reset in 46 cases[80.7% in accordance with the final diagnosis.In conclusion, open lung biopsy is recommended for a specific diagnosis and proper therapeutic plan in diffuse interstitial lung diseases because of its high diagnostic yield Irate and it`s relatively low morbidity and mortality rate in these tompromised patents.