• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

연구배경: 기관지 내시경으로 조직 검사가 불가능한 고립성 폐결절 환자에서 경피적 폐생검이 중요한 진단 방법으로 사용되고 있으나, 기흉 및 출혈 등의 합병증 및 접근성 등이 문제가 된다. 흑색종항원유전자(Melanoma Antigen Gene, MAGE)는 악성 흑색종에서 처음 발견된 20 종양 항원 및 유전자로서, 비소세포폐암을 비롯한 다양한 암종에서 발현되며 정상 조직에서는 남성의 생식기 세포 및 태반에서만 발현된다. 본 연구는 기관지내시경으로 보이지 않았던 비소세포폐암 환자에서 기관지 세척액을 이용한 MAGE 양성 여부를 검사하여 폐암의 진단에 어느정도 도움이 되는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2개월간 삼성서울병원 호흡기 내과에서 기관지 내시경을 시행한 환자 중에서 내시경적 조직 검사가 불가능한 고립성 폐결절 환자 37명을 대상으로 하였다. 기관지 세척을 시행하여 MAGE A1-6 RT-nested PCR (iC&G Co, Daegu, Korea)검사와 세포진 검사를 시행하였고, 경피적 폐생검 및 수술을 통한 병리학적인 진단과 비교하였다. 결과: 37명 중에서 비소세포폐암 환자는 21명(56.8%) 이었고(선암종 13/21, 편평상피세포암 8/21), 나머지 16명 (43.2%)은 폐결핵(5), 진균 감염(3), 기질화 폐렴(2) 및 유육종증, 비결핵 항산균 폐질환과 선천성 낭종 등으로 진단되었다. 비소세포폐암 환자에서 세포학적인 검사의 양성률은 9.5% (2/21)에 불과하였으나, MAGE mRNA는 47.6% (10/21)에서 양성을 보여 양성 예측률이 71.4%였다. MAGE 양성률은 편평상피세포암에서 더 높게 나타났다 (선암종 30.8%, 편평상피세포암 75.0%, p>0.05). 양성 병변으로 진단된 16명의 MAGE 발현율은 25.0% (4/16)였다. 결론: 기관지 세척액을 이용한 MAGE 검사는 기관지 내시경을 통한 조직검사가 불가능한 고립성 폐결절에서 기존의 세포진검사에 비해 우수한 양성 예측률을 나타내어 폐암의 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1983

The origin of hamartoma from the Greek words for "error" and "tumor" is credited to Albrecht who in 1904 described a disorganized arrangement of tissues normally present in an organ and applied also to tumors found in many organs other than the lung. The hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lung and revealed accidentally as asymptomatic coin lesion on routine chest X-ray, but the incidence is very low and especially endobronchial origin extremely low. We have been successful surgical experienced one case of a 36-year-old female having endobronchial hamartoma, 4x2.Sx2 cm in size and located at right main bronchial lumen near the carina, which consists of a hard, nodular surfaced mass and adhered to the cartilaginous portion of the right upper lobe bronchus by dense fibrous band and migrate to trachea on expiration or coughing. This case was not suspected by chest X-ray or bronchogram and confirmed bronchoscopy with biopsy. Right pneumonectomy was inevitable because of bronchiectatic change of right bronchus due to tumor obstruction. She was discharged with relatively good general condition on 21 days postoperatively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase $A_2$ from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

In the present study, capsaicin-induced desensitization of peripheral sensory nerves were investigated by using guinea pig bronchi, in which these nerves are stimulated with cap saicin to produce a contractile response via the release of sensory neuropeptides such as substance P and neurokinin A. The contractile response to capsaicin was inhibited by the combination of CP96345 and SR 48968 suggesting that the excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both the tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Capsaicin produced in vitro-desensitization in dose-dependent manner, but after this in vitro-desensitization the response to NK-1 and NK-2 receptor agonist did not change. Systemic administration (s.c.) of capsaicin also desensitized significantly bronchial tissues but could not produce any change in the contractile response to the selective agonists of NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Therefore, the present results suggest that functional desensitization to capsaicin-induced contractile response in guinea pig bronchi does not involve NK-1 and NK-2 receptor, while excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. In conclusion, it is suggested that capsaicin- induced excitation and desensitization involves somewhat different pathways.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.450-453
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• 2005

규폐증 환자에서 기관지 결석증은 드물게 발생판다. 특히 기관지 결석증의 합병증으로 기관지식도루가 발생한 예는 매우 드물어 국내에서는 1예 보고된 바 있다. 기관지 결석증과 기관지 식도루의 수술치료는 손상되지 않은 폐실질을 최대한 보존하고, 누공의 비혈관성 조직들을 완전히 제거하여 식도와 기관지 봉합 부위를 흉막 피판이나 늑간근 피판으로 완전히 감싸주는 것이 중요하다. 저자들은 규폐증 환자에서 기관지 결석증으로 인한 기관지식도루 1예를 수술 치험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The plume produced by vaporizing tissue with a laser contains a variety of contaminants called laser-generated air pollutants (LGACs). LGACs consist of a mixture of toxic gas components, biomicroparticles, dead and living cells, and viruses. Toxic odors and thick smoke from surgical incisions and the coagulation of tissues can irritate eyes and airways, as well as cause bronchial and pulmonary congestion. Because of the potential risk of the smoke, it is advisable to appropriately remove it from the surgical site. We recommend using a smoke evacuator to remove the smoke. Suction nozzles should be placed as close as possible to the surgical site in a range of 2 cm or less. In-line filters should be used between the inlet and outlet of the surgical site. All air filtration devices should be capable of removing particles below 0.1 microns in size. The filter pack should be handled according to infection control procedures in the operating room. The laser mask can be an auxiliary protective device if it is properly worn. Some smoke inhaled under the nose wrap or over the side of the mask will not be filtered. As in electrosurgical operations, a suitable mask should be worn while smoke is present.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2002

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of poultry, Two pathology-based techniques, in situ RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from chickens naturally infected with velogenic ND virus (VNDV). Two pairs of primers and a probe for ISH and in situ RT-PCR, respectively, were selected from highly conserved region of matrix gene of NDV. The ISH experiment was carried out using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system within 2 hours. In situ RT-PCR was performed using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system and GeneAmp In Situ PCR system. With ISH and in situ RT-PCR, viral nucleic acid was detected in the central nervous system of chickens from infected with neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NVNDV), whereas viral nucleic acid was detected in various organs or tissues of chickens from infected with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV). In the NVND group, positive signals were characteristically defined in the cytoplasm of neuron, vascular endothelial cells, and perivascular mononuclear macrophages in the central nervous system. One of NVND group, chicken from one farm exhibited positive signals in the bronchial epithelium. The VVND group chickens showed positive reaction in the macrophages, vascular endothelium, and bronchiolar epithelium. Markedly, viral nucleic acid was detected in the macrophages of morphologically normal tissues which were peripheral or located in distant areas from lesions. The central nervous system of chickens infected with VVND virus had positive signals in the vascular endothelial cell, perivascular mononuclear macrophages and some neuron. The number and intensity of the positive cells by in situ RT-PCR were more and stronger, respectively, in comparison with those by ISH. Particularly, positive reaction was detected in macrophages infiltrating in cardiac muscle by in situ RT-PCR, but not obtained by ISH. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ISH is a rapid diagnostic method for detection of NDV and in situ RT-PCR can be used as an efficient method for detection of low viral load infection or subclinical viral infection of NDV.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

In a search for new molecular pathways associated with asthma, we performed an mRNA differential display analysis using total RNA extracted from the tracheal tissues of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice and sham controls. cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs for which expression levels were altered by OVA-challenge were isolate and sequenced. Twenty-eight genes differentially expressed in sham and OVA challenged mice were identified. A GenBank BLAST homology search revealed that they were related to cytoskeleton remodeling, transcription, protein synthesis and modification, energy production, and cell growth and differentiation. Two were selected for further characterization. Up-regulation of both the perinatal skeletal myosin heavy chain (skMHC) and fast skeletal muscle myosin light chain (skMLC) genes was confirmed by RT-PCR of trachea tissue from OVA challenged mice. Overexpression of skMLC protein was observed in the smooth muscle layers of OVA-challenged mice by immunohistochemistry, and the surface areas stained with skMLC antibody increased in the OVA-challenged mice. The overexpression of skMLC in murine asthma may be associated with the changes of bronchial smooth muscle.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 1994

본원에서는 안면부 손상후 발생한 피하기종과 기종격이 있는 두 환자를 치험하였다. 다른부위 손산 없이 단독으로 안면부 손상후 발생한 피하기종과 기종격은 예후가 좋고 자연치유가 잘되지만 심각한 합병증 및 후유증을 방지하기 위하여 세심한 관찰 및 보존적 처치가 요구된다. 이에 저자들은 증상, 진단. 해부학적구조, 발생가전, 합병증, 치료양식등의 문헌고찰과 더불어 치험 증례를 보고 하는 바이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Objectives : The root of Codonopsis pilosula (Fr.) Nannf. (Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix) has been traditionally used as a oriental medicine with an anti-thrombotic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-gastric ulcer effects and immunological adjuvant. In this study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol extract of Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix (CPR-E) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic responses in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized (1, 8, and 15 days) with OVA and airway challenged(22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 days) to induced allergic responses. CPR-E extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/body weight was orally administered from days 21 to 30 consecutively. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : CPR-E extract significantly decreased the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and IL-4 compared with those of OVA control group, but significantly increased the serum level of IFN-${\gamma}$. Based on H&E staining, CPR-E extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissues with histological changes. Conclusions : These results indicate that CPR-E extract has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic responses through regulating the cytokine balance, suggesting that the extract may be useful for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.