• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ME and crude protein (CP) content of diet on the performance and production cost of white semibroiler chickens. Three hundred sixty hatched white semibroiler chickens (Hy-Line $female\;{\times}\;Ross^{(R)}$ male) were assigned to low dietary treatments of different metabolizable energy (ME) value and crude protein (CP) content: T1; ME 3,040 and 3,070 kcal/kg, CP 21.40 and 20.86%, T2; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 20.62 and 19.70%, T3; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 19.90 and 18.70% and T4; ME 2,900 and 2,920 kcal/kg, CP 18.50 and 18.00% for starter diet ($0{\sim}1st$ wk) and power diet ($2{\sim}5th$ wk), respectively There were significant (P<0.01) differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. T1 was significantly higher in weight gain and feed intake and love. in feed conversion ratio than other treatments. Production index of T1 (153.42) was far greater than T2 (112.13), T3 (108.40) and T4 (100.95). It was concluded that semibroilers required similar ME and CP to those of regular commercial broilers (highbro).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1985

The study was carried out to determine if a difference in initial chick weight was still evident in market body weight(6 or 8 week body weight) of broilers. The data of a total of 800 broiler commercial chick raised at Poultry Breeding Farm, Seoul National University from Aug. 6, 1981 to Oct. 1, 1981 were analysed. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Although the initial chick weight was about the same, male chick grew more rapidly than female and sex difference was the most striking factor in growth rate of broiler in this analysis. 2. The relationship between initial chick weight and body weight after hatching was decreased to the increase of weeks of age in both sexes. Though the correlation coefficients of the 6 week and 8 week body weight to the initial chick weight were 0.15 & 0.15 in female and 0.18 & 0.17 in male, the relationship was highly significant in both sexes. 3. Regressions of 6 and 8 week body weight on the initial chick weight in both sexes indicate that, for each increase of one gram in weight of chick at hatching, the average increase in body weight was 8.33 gram ＆ 10.07 gram in female and 7.85 gram ＆ 11.28 gram in male. Results show that the initial chick weight (1 day of age) influence average body weight of commercial broiler at 6 and 8 weeks of age.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

This study was executed to investigate the effects of drinking deep sea water treated by reverse osmosis process (RO-DSW) on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, relative weight of lymphoid organs and the concentration of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in broiler chickens. A total of 200 one day old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were equally and randomly distributed into 10 ground floor pens (20 chicks per pen, 5 pens per treatment) bedded with rice-husks. The broilers were offered either fresh tap water (Control) or RO-DSW for 28 days (from d 6 to d 33) as the drinking water. The same basal phase 1 diet for first 2 weeks and phase 2 diet for last 2 weeks were offered ad libitum to the birds. The RO-DSW was prepared by diluting 1:20 ratio with deionized water before offering to chickens. The diet for control birds was supplemented with 0.21 % of food-grade salt to satisfy salt need of the birds. Broiler feeding study resulted that there were no differences in amount of water consumption, mortality and FCR between RO-DSW and control chickens. However, feed intake and body weight gain were increased (p<0.05) by RO-DSW drinking. There was no (p>0.05) difference in nutrients utilizability between RO-DSW and fresh water drinking. There were no (p>0.05) differences in the immune response between the control and treatment group. The serum IgG levels were 3.01 vs 2.87 mg/ml and the relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were 0.23, 0.18 and 0.20 vs. 0.20, 0.17 and 0.14 for RO-DSW vs. control birds, respectively. The immune responses were tended to be improved by RO-DSW drinking. This study showed an improvement in weight gain and feed intake that could be induced by RO-DSW drinking, although it is difficult to explain the reasons of the improvement at this moment. This study implied that RO-DSW could be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary sardine oil on storage and processing characteristics in meat sample of chicken meat. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed) 2) T1(commercial feed supplemented with 1% sardine oil) 3) T2(commercial feed with 2% sardine oil) and 4) T3(commercial feed with 4% sardine oil). They were fed one of the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 4$\pm$1$\^{C}$. The storage and processing characteristics were analyzed for meat samples stored over a period of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The pH of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods (p<0.05). The TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) af all treatments were significantly increased as storage period extended (p<0.05). After 1 days, the TBARS of treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). The T3 showed the highest TBARS among all treatments (p<0.05). The VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) of all treatments significantly increased during storage period (p<0.05). However, the VBN was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The WHC(water holding capacity) and heating loss were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage (p<0.05) and however, WHC was not significantly different among 3 treatment. The heating loss tended to increase in treatment groups compared to the control.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary activated carbon(0.9%) and sardine oil (0, 1, 2, 4%) on volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), and fatty acid in meat sample of chicken. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of the file dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed) 2) T1(commercial feed supplemented with 0.9% activated carbon) 3) T2(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 1% sardine oil) 4) T3(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 2% sardine oil) 4) T4(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 4% sardine oil). They were fed one of the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were stored over a period of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days at 4${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. The VBN of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods(p<0.05). Also, the VBN was not significantly between control and treatment group. In VBN of breast was higher compared with that of thigh. The TBARS of all treatments were significantly increased as storage period extended (p<0.05). The TBARS of control and thigh tended to be higher than that of treatments and breast. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid were major fatty acid in chicken meat. Saturated fatty acid decreased and unsaturated fatty acid increased of all treatments during storage. Oleic acid, EPA, DHA contents was higher in treatment group than the control.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

The present study determined the effect of dietary cultivated microalgae (Parachlorella sp.) on the growth and immune responses of pre-starter broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old birds (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 treatments with 8 blocks in a randomized complete block design. The four experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, and three diets contained 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% microalgae powder at the expense of cornstarch in the control diet. After feeding the experimental diets for 7 days, the body weight and feed intake of all birds were measured, and 8 birds were randomly selected from each treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were harvested for immune profile assessment, including cytokines and cell migration receptors. No differences in growth performance were observed among the treatments. The birds that were fed diets containing graded levels of microalga showed a linear increase in the mRNA expression of cytokine genes in PBMCs, including that of IL2, IL1β, and IL18 (P<0.05). With respect to the chemokine receptor genes in PBMCs, mRNA expression of CCR2, CCR9, and ITGA4 changed quadratically (P<0.05), but that of CCR7 increased linearly (P<0.01). Cytokine protein secretion in blood, including that of IL-1β and IL-6, increased linearly (P<0.01) with an increase in the microalgal content. Overall, the present results show that the indigenous microalgae powder used in this study could stimulate immunity with no detrimental effects on the growth performance of pre-starter broiler chickens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary xanthophylls(lutein and apocarotenoic acid ethyl ester) supplementation on the antioxidation of broiler meat. The broilers fed with 10 ppm or 20 ppm xanthophylls were raised for 6 weeks and then slaughtered. The broiler meats were stored at 3$^{\circ}C$ for 9 days and frozen at -18$^{\circ}C$ for 4 months until analysis, respectively. The pH of all treatments significantly(p<0.05) increased during the storage periods. The pH of the thigh was higher than that of the breast. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and POV(peroxide value) were higher in thigh than breast. All meats from broiler fed with lutein and apocarotenoic acid ethyl ester(apo-ester) had greater antioxidant properties during the storage period than control meat(p<0.05). Antioxidant activity of dietary xanthophylls supplementation was more effective in thigh than breast, and in broiler meats during frozen storage than chilled storage. The higher concentration of xanthophylls in feed, the more inhibition of lipid oxidation in meat during storage. The meat from broiler fed with 20 ppm of lutein showed the highest antioxidant property during both refrigerated and frozen storage although there was no significant difference between lutein and apo-ester(p>0.05). Consequently, this results indicated that the antioxidant activity of dietary xanthophylls(lutein and apocarotenoic acid ethyl ester) supplementation was more effective.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary mugwort and fish oil on meat quality of chicken. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatment: 1) Control (commercial feed) 2) T1 (commercial feed supplemented with 3% mugwort powder) 3) T2 (commercial feed with 4% fish oil) and 4) T3 (commercial feed with 3% mugwort powder and 4% fish oil). They were fed the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The meat quality were analyzed for meat samples stored over a period of 0, 5, 10 and 15 days. The major fatty acids found in chicken meat were oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid. However, the fatty acid was not significantly different between control and treatment groups (p>0.05). Palmitoleic acid, EPA, DHA contents were higher in T3 treatment group than the control. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods (p<0.05). The TBARS of the thigh was rather higher than that of the breast. The WHC (water holding capacity) of breast and thigh were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage (p<0.05). WHC of the breast was rather higher than that of the thigh. The drip loss was tended to increase during the storage periods (p<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Improvement in domestic poultry production has a positive effect on the export competitiveness of the poultry industry. However, overproduction and enlargement of facilities to assure a supply increase a stocking density which make a poor environment in the broiler house. In particular, an intensive rearing environment is vulnerable to dust control that causes respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, etc., to farmers and broilers. However, monitoring data and research for environment control are not adequate, and there are no air quality regulations in broiler houses in Korea. In this study, TSP, PM10, inhalable dust and respirable dust concentration were monitored according to season, age of broiler and broiler's activities. Air quality assessment was also performed in accordance with the threshold limit value by Donham et al. (2000). The TSP concentrations were 77.5 %, 219.7 % higher and PM10 concentrations were 121.2 %, 303.8 % higher when change of season and winter respectively than summer. There were significantly different concentrations according to season and age of broiler. Inhalable and respirable dust concentration were also clearly different according to the season and age of broiler. A high dust concentration was observed, specifically exceeding the threshold limit by 119 % in the winter. In the case of the broiler's motion was activity according to worker's access into the broiler house, concentration level was 769.6 % higher than broiler's motion was stable and exceeded the threshold limit. These results suggest that the worker should put on protective equipment to protect there's respiratory health in the broiler house.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the alleviative effects of activated charcoal (AC) and Houttuynia cordata (HC) singly or in combination in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Activated charcoal (1% or 0.5%) and H. cordata (1% or 0.5%) were mixed into the diets for the ability to reduced the deleterious effects of 2.4mg total aflatoxin $(AFB_1)kg^{-1}$ diet on growing broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 160 1-day-old (Hyline Variety Brown) broiler chicks were housed in eight treatment groups [Control, $AFB_1$, AC 1%, HC 1%, $AFB_1$ plus AC 1% plus HC 1%, $AFB_1$ plus AC 1% plus HC 0.5%, $AFB_1$ plus AC 0.5% plus HC 1%, $AFB_1$ plus AC 0.5% plus HC 0.5%] each consisting of 20 chicks. Compared to control, 2.4mg $AFB_1$ alone treatment group significantly decreased body weight gains of chickens. The addition of mixed AC 1% and HC 1% including 6, 7 groups to the 2.4mg $AFB_1$-containing diet moderately reduced the adverse effects of $AFB_1$ on performances of chickens. The chickens consuming 2.4mg $AFB_1$ plus AC 0.5% and HC 0.5%-containing diet showed very slightly reduced the adverse effects on investigated parameters compared to the $AFB_1$ only treated group. Also, the single addition of AC or HC to the $AFB_1$-free diet had no adverse effects in chickens. These results suggest that AC and HC mixed can reduced the aflatoxicosis in broilers and may be contribute to a solution of the aflatoxicosis problem in poultry production.