• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of excess vitamin A on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, contents of calcium-binding protein (CaBP), bone gla-protein (BGP) in culture medium and CaBP mRNA expression in chicken osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoblastic cells in the tibia from 1-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were isolated using enzyme digestion. The subconfluenced cells were divided into eight treatments with six replicates in each treatment and cultured in a medium containing either vehicle or different levels of vitamin A (0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and $20.0\;{\mu}g$/ml), and the control received an equivalent volume of ethanol. The incubation lasted 48 h. The results showed that vitamin A down-regulated ALP activity in the culture medium as well as CaBP mRNA expression of osteoblasts in a linear dose-dependent manner (p = 0.124 and p<0.10, respectively), and suppressed the contents of BGP and CaBP in the culture medium in a quadratic dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 and p<0.10, respectively) with increasing addition of vitamin A. The addition of 0-$0.2\;{\mu}g$/ml vitamin A to the culture medium increased ALP activity, BGP and CaBP contents as well as CaBP mRNA expression compared with other groups, but positive effects of vitamin A tended to be suppressed when vitamin A was increased to $1.0\;{\mu}g$/ml, and adverse effects occurred when vitamin A was increased to 10.0-$20.0\;{\mu}g$/ml. These results implied that there was a threshold level of vitamin A inclusion beyond which inhibitory effects occurred, and the mechanism by which overdose of vitamin A reduced bone growth in chickens was probably reduced osteoblastic cell activity, and inhibited expression of CaBP mRNA and CaBP secretion.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.745-752
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• 2007

본 연구는 닭고기의 감마지방산 축적에 관한 서로 다른 수준의 달맞이꽃 종자유 급여효과를 조사하였다. 로스(Ross)종 1일령 broiler 수컷 600수를 6처리구${\times}$4반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 브로일러는 포화지방산 급원으로서 우지를 함유하는 대조구, 감마지방산 급원으로서 달맞이꽃 종자유(EPO, evening primrose oil) 0.5%, EPO 혼합유(EPO 70:대두유 30) 0.7%, EPO 1.5%, EPO 3.0% 및 EPO 4.0% 첨가사료를 브로일러 후기 2주 동안 섭취하였다. 체중은 0.5% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 통계적유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 도체중에 대한 다리살과 가슴살의 무게비율은 다리살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구 및 가슴살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구와 4.0% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). EPO 첨가사료를 섭취한 닭고기 피부와 가슴살 지질의 포화지방산 조성은 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 불포화지방산 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구가 높았다(p<0.05). 특히, 닭고기 부위별 지질의 감마지방산(GLA, gamma-linolenicacid, 18:3n-6) 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 이 결과는 육계사료 내 달맞이꽃 종자유를 첨가.급여함으로써 감마지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 닭고기를 생산할 수 있음을 시사해 준다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

본 시험은 육계에 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하여 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 일반 성분, 혈액 성상, pH, TBARS, 보수성, 전단력 및 육색을 조사하였다. 실험구는 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 홍삼박 0.5% 급여구는 T1, 홍삼박 1% 급여구는 T2, 겨우살이 0.5% 급여구는 T3, 그리고 겨우살이 1% 급여구를 T4 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 사양하였다. 육계의 생산성은 처리구간 유의적인 변화는 없었고, 폐사율은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 계육의 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 등의 일반 성분은 유의성이 없었으며, 조지방은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮았다. 육계의 혈액 성상 중 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 감소하였고, HDL-cholesterol은 증가하였으며, triglyceride와 glucose 함량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. TBARS는 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 유의하게 낮아, 육계의 저장성 개선에 도움이되리라 생각된다. 육색은 CIE $L^*$값과 CIE $b^*$값은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여에 의한 변화는 없었지만, CIE $a^*$값은 T4에서 증가하였다. 결론적으로 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하면 육계의 폐사율이 낮아지고, 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량이 감소하며, HDL-cholesterol이 증가함으로 혈액성상을 개선할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.815-826
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• 2021

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of stocking density (SD) and dietary supplementation of vitamin C on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal permeability, and stress indicators in broiler chickens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 different SD and 2 supplemental levels of dietary vitamin C. A total of 1,368 Ross 308 broiler chickens of 21 days of age with similar body weights (BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 6 replicates each. Different numbers of birds per identical floor pen (2.0 m × 2.4 m) were used to create 2 different SD levels of low SD (9 birds/m²) and high SD (18 birds/m²). The basal diet was formulated with no supplemental vitamin C to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations of the Ross 308 manual. The other diet was prepared by supplementing 200 mg/kg vitamin C in the basal diet. The study lasted for 14 days. At the end of the study, 3 male birds per replicate were selected to analyze meat quality, intestinal permeability, and stress indicators such as blood heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) and feather corticosterone (CORT) concentrations. Results indicated that there were no interactions between different SD and dietary supplementation of vitamin C for all measurements. For the main effects of SD, birds raised at high SD had less (p < 0.01) BW, BW gain, and feed intake with increasing stress responses including greater blood H:L and feather CORT concentrations (p < 0.01) than those raised at low SD. Transepithelial electrical resistance in the jejunal mucosa was decreased (p < 0.05) at high SD, indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. However, the main effects of dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg vitamin C were insignificant for all measurements. In conclusion, high SD of broiler chickens impairs growth performance and intestinal barrier function with increasing stress responses. However, dietary supplementation of vitamin C may have little beneficial effects on broiler chickens raised at the high SD condition used in the present study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1153-1156
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted with three hundred and twenty broiler chickens to evaluate the influence of supplementation of probiotic on growth, microbiological status and carcass quality of chickens. The probiotic contained similar proportions of six strains of variable organisms namely Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Aspergillus oryzae, Streptococcus faecium and Torulopsis sps and was fed at 100 mg/kg diet. The body weight and feed conversion of probiotic fed groups were superior (p<0.05) compared to the control group in the 4th, 5th and 6th weeks. The chickens fed the diet with probiotic had lower (p<0.05) numbers of coliforms and Campylobacter than chickens fed the control diet. All chickens' carcasses on the control diet were positive for Salmonella while only 16 of the 40 carcasses were positive from chickens fed diets containing probiotic. The leg and breast meat of probiotic fed chickens were higher (p<0.05) in moisture, protein and ash, and lower in fat as compared to the leg and breast meat of control chickens.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2006

Effects of vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on shelf life of selenium-supplemented chicken meat during refrigerated storage were examined. Body weight and feed efficiency were unaffected by dietary selenium level. Dietary treatments and packaging methods had no significant effects on level of microbial growth, lightness, and metmyoglobin content. MAP decreased purge loss (10.9-34.5%) and lipid oxidation (15.2-15.9%) more efficiently than vacuum packaging. Broiler chicks supplemented with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol + selenium had similar TBA values. Dietary supplementation of 4 and 8 ppm selenium reduced lipid oxidation, and this effect was less significant in MAP breast meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of yeast with bacteriocin and Lactobacillus cultures (mixture of Lactobacillus agilis BCRC 10436 and Lactobacillus reuteri BCRC 17476) supplements, alone or in combination, on broiler chicken performance. Methods: A total of 300, 1-d-old healthy broiler chickens were randomly divided into five treatment groups: i) basal diet (control), ii) basal diet+0.25% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (YC), iii) basal diet+0.25% yeast with bacteriocin (BA), iv) basal diet+Lactobacillus cultures (LAB), and v) basal diet +0.25% yeast with bacteriocin+Lactobacillus cultures (BA+LAB). Growth performance, cecal microbiota, cecal fermentation products, and blood biochemistry parameters were determined when chickens were 21 and 35 d old. Results: The supplementation of YC, BA, and BA+LAB resulted in a significantly better feed conversion rate (FCR) than that of the control group during 1 to 21 d (p<0.05). The LAB supplementation had a significant effect on the presence of Lactobacillus in the ceca at 35 d. None of the supplements had an effect on relative numbers of L. agilis and L. reuter at 21 d, but the BA supplementation resulted in the decrease of both Lactobacillus strains at 35 d. The BA+LAB supplementation resulted in higher short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in the ceca, but LAB supplementation significantly decreased the SCFA at 35 d (p<0.05). All treatments tended to decrease ammonia concentration in the ceca at 21 d, especially in the LAB treatment group. The BA supplementation alone decreased the triacylglycerol (TG) concentration significantly at 21 d (p<0.05), but the synergistic effect of BA and LAB supplementation was required to reduce the TG concentration at 35 d. The YC supplementation tended to increase the plasma cholesterol at 21 d and 35 d. However, the BA supplementation significantly decreased the cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level at 35 d. In conclusion, the BA+LAB supplementation was beneficial to body weight gain and FCR of broiler chickens. Conclusion: The effect of BA and LAB supplementation may be a result of the growth of lactic acid bacteria enhancement and physiological characterization of bacteriocin, and it suggests that the BA and LAB supplementation level or Lactobacillus strain selection should be integrated in future supplementation designs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.682-689
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• 2012

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with three replicate pens of 100 broiler chicks. Three treatments were i) control, ii) basal diets supplemented with 1 ml of B. licheniformis for each in feed water per day iii) basal diets supplemented with 2 ml of B. licheniformis per chick in feed water per day. The supplementation of B. licheniformis significantly increased body weight in grower chickens (p<0.05), and significantly improved the feed conversion in 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk feeding period compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the supplement also resulted in increased protein and free amino acid contents, and decreased fat content in chicken breast fillet (p<0.05). Furthermore, improvement in sensory attributes was observed in broilers fed with the probiotic. In conclusion, B. licheniformis treatments resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in broiler productivity based on an index taking into account daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Meanwhile, the probiotic contributed towards an improvement of the chemical, nutritional and sensorial characteristics of breast fillet. Overall, the study indicates that B. licheniformis can be used as a growth promoter and meat quality enhancer in broiler poultry.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

본 연구는 포도씨 분말 첨가 사료가 육계의 성장, 사료 이용성 및 체 조직내 항산화 효소 및 관련 생화학 지표 인자에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 전체 50수 3일령 육계를 2주간 예비 실험 기간을 거친 다음 각 군당 10수씩 선발하여 대조구 및 포도씨 분말 1% 첨가구 등 2개 구를 설정하여 3주간 사양 시험을 실시하고 혈액 생화학 성분 및 체조직의 항산화 지표를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 육계 사료내 1% 수준의 포도씨 분말 첨가는 체중, 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율 및 장기 무게 등에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 혈액내 total antioxidant status(TAS)는 포도씨 첨가구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였으며, 혈중 생화학적 성분과 조직 손상을 나타내는 AST, ALT, LDH 등의 수준은 모든 구에서 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 3. 포도씨 분말 첨가는 소장 점막 세포내 SOD 활성도를 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가시켰다. 그러나 간 조직내 GSHPx, SOD, GST 등과 같은 항산화 효소, 환원형 glutathione 및 지질 과산화(MDA) 수준은 대조구 및 포도씨 분말 급여구간에 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 천연 항산화제로서 포도씨 분말 1% 첨가 사료는 성장 및 사료 이용성에 특이적 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 혈액내 TAS 및 소장내 SOD활성도를 현저히 증가시키므로 육계에서 천연 항산화원으로서의 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

효모(Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SC)의 구성성분인 yeast cell-extract(YE)과 yeast cell-wall(CW)이 육계의 생산성, 장내융모 발달 및 혈청 콜레스테롤에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 사양실험을 실시하였다. 육용 수평아리(Ross) 240수를 4처리 6반복, 반복당 10수를 공시하였다. 옥수수 및 대두박 위주 기본사료에 SC, YE 그리고 CW를 각각 0.5, 0.25 그리고 $0.25\%$로 첨가한 실험사료를 제조하여 육계에 5간 급여하였다. 효모의 급여는 육계의 생산성에 어떠한 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, villus height, crypt depth 및 villus:crypt ratio 역시 처리간 유의성은 발견되지 않았다. SC 급여 받은 육계의 혈청 콜레스테롤은 대조구에 비하여 $19.7\%$ 감소(P<0.05)를 나타내었다. 특히, 효모성분 중 YE가 혈청 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 낮추었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 사료내 효모의 첨가는 육계의 혈청 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며(P<0.05), 콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 성분은 효모의 세포내용물에 포함되어 있는 것으로 본 연구결과 알 수 있었다.