• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1622-1627
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 최근 급식소나 외식업소에서 샐러드용 식재료로 많이 제공되는 브로콜리의 미생물학적 안전성을 확보하기 위한 방안을 제시하기 위하여 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocytogenes를 접종하여 이산화염소의 농도 및 시간을 달리하여 처리한 후 식중독균에 대한 살균 효과를 평가하였다. 브로콜리에 E. coli O157:H7을 접종한 직후의 균수는 5.91 log CFU/g이었고, 멸균수로 1분 처리한 후에는 5.74 log CFU/g로 별다른 감소를 보이지 않았다. 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm의 이산화염소로 각각 1분, 5분, 10분간 처리한 후의 균수도 멸균수로 처리한 경우에 비해 단지 $0.31{\sim}1.05log\;CFU/g$ 정도만 감소하여 충분한 살균효과를 보이지 않았다. 브로콜리에 L. monocytogenes를 접종한 직후의 균수는 5.80 log CFU/g이었으나, 멸균수에 1분간 침지한 후에는 5.59 log CFU/g로 유의적인 감소를 보이지 않았다. 10 ppm과 20 ppm의 이산화염소로 처리한 후에는 멸균수로 처리한 경우에 비해 균수가 각각 $2.19{\sim}2.48log\;CFU/g$와 $3.31{\sim}3.87log\;CFU/g$만큼 유의적으로 감소되었다. 접종된 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocytogenes의 균수는 모두 이산화염소의 처리농도 및 시간과 각각 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 추정된 회귀식은 각각 $Y_1=5.934-0.046X_1-0.028X_2$와 $Y_2=5.630-0.177X_1-0.043X_2$이었고, 설명력은 각각 95%와 93%이었다. 이산화염소수로 세척한 브로콜리에서의 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocytogenes의 균수를 예측함에 있어 이산화염소의 처리시간보다는 처리농도가 더 중요한 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 5 ppm의 이산화염소는 브로콜리에 부착된 식중독균을 효과적으로 제거하지 못하는 것으로 나타나 이산화염소를 생채소 세척제로 사용할 경우에는 세척농도를 높여 사용함이 효과적이겠다. 또한 본 연구를 토대로 급식소와 외식업체에서 제공되는 샐러드용 채소에 대한 미생물적 안전성 보장을 위하여 다양한 채소에 대해 이산화염소 처리에 따른 식중독균의 증식 억제 효과에 대한 세밀한 검토가 이루어질 필요가 있겠다. 아울러 과일이나 채소에 이산화염소 처리 시 산화작용으로 인해 색깔이나 맛이 변할 수 있으므로 관능검사에 대한 연구도 수행되어야 하겠다.

• 월간포장계
• /
• 통권299호
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2018

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.422-424
• /
• 2021

• 약학회지
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2014

The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of sulforaphane on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism involved. We hypothesized that sulforaphane, the primary ingredient of broccoli of cruciferous vegetables, plays a role in vascular relaxation through inhibition of Rho-kinase in rat aortae. Intact of denuded arterial rings from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and isometric tensions were recorded using a computerized data acquisition system. Interestingly, sulforaphane significantly inhibited fluoride, phorbol ester or thromboxane $A_2$ mimetic-induced contraction in denuded muscles suggesting that additional pathways different from endothelial nitric oxide synthesis such as inhibition of Rho-kinase or MEK might be involved in the vasorelaxation. Furthermore, sulforaphane inhibited thromboxane $A_2$-induced increases in pERK1/2 levels suggesting the mechanism including inhibition of thromboxane $A_2$-induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This study provides evidence that sulforaphane induces vascular relaxation through inhibition of Rho-kinase or MEK in rat aortae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 1995

We isolated a cDNA clone, BLSC1, encoding 5' exon of ATP synthase CF0 subunit I from broccoli. BLSC1 is 285 nucleotides long which consists of a 5' noncoding region of 34 nucleotides, a 5' exon of 145 nucleotides and an intron of 106 nucleotides. The 5' exon codes for 48 amino acids which reveals mostly hydrophobic. The amino acid sequence deduced from BLSC1 shares 83%, 83% and 91% identities with the genes coding for atpF from wheat, rice and spinach, respectively. Genomic Southern blot analysis for BLSC1 showed a typically strong signal for a gene located in the chloroplast genome. Northern blot analysis identified three major classes of transcripts showing strong positive signals in the leaves, but only trace amounts of the transcripts were identified in the other organs like stems, flowr buds and roots.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.1449-1453
• /
• 2015

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding pelletized broccoli byproducts (PBB) on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. In Trial 1, an in vitro gas test determined the optimal replacement level of PBB in a concentrate mixture in a mixed substrate with Chinese wild ryegrass hay (50:50, w/w) at levels of 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% (dry matter basis). When the concentrate was replaced by PBB at a level of 20%, no adverse effects were found on the gas volume or its rate constant during ruminal fermentation. In trial 2, 24 lactating cows (days in milk = $170.4{\pm}35$; milk yield = $30{\pm}3kg/d$; body weight = $580{\pm}13kg$) were divided into 12 blocks based on day in milk and milk yield and randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: a basic diet with or without PBB replacing 20% of the concentrate mixture. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days; the first week allowed for adaptation to the diet. The milk composition was analyzed once a week. No significant difference in milk yield was observed between the two groups (23.5 vs 24.2 kg). A significant increase was found in milk fat content in the PBB group (p<0.05). Inclusion of PBB did not affect milk protein, lactose, total solids or solids-not-fat (p>0.05). These results indicated that PBB could be included in dairy cattle diets at a suitable level to replace concentrate mixture without any adverse effects on dairy performance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.318-323
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out to predict the growth period and fresh weight of sprouts grown in a cultivator designed to grow sprouts under optimal conditions. Methods: The temperature, light intensity, and amount of irrigation were controlled, and images of seed sprouts were acquired to predict the days of growth and weight from pixel counts of leaf area. Broccoli, clover, and radish sprouts were selected, and each sprout was cultivated in a 90-mm-diameter Petri dish under the same cultivating conditions. An image of each sprout was taken every 24 hours from the 4th day, and the whole cultivating period was 6 days, including 3 days in the dark. Images were processed by histogram inspection, binary images, image erosion, image dilation, and the overlay image process. The RGB range and ratio of leaves were adjusted to calculate the pixel counts for leaf area. Results: The correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and the growth period of sprouts were 0.91, 0.98, and 0.97 for broccoli, clover, and radish, respectively. Further, the correlation coefficients between the pixel count of leaf area and fresh weight were 0.90 for broccoli, 0.87 for clover, and 0.95 for radish. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we suggest that the simple image acquisition system and processing algorithm can feasibly estimate the growth period and fresh weight of seed sprouts.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.292-298
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 새싹종자 소독처리 여부에 따른 재배기간별 미생물 오염도 수준을 파악하고, 종자소독이 발아율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 수입산 새싹종자 알팔파(alfalfa), 브로콜리(broccoli), 클로버(clover), 적양배추(red cabbage), 적무(red radish) 5종에 대하여 소독제 처리 여부에 따른 발아율과 재배기간별 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 소독제 종류에 관계없이 새싹종자(알팔파, 클로버, 적무)는 48시간 후 90% 이상 높은 발아율을 보였다. 종자 소독 시 식중독균은 검출되지 않았고, 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 미생물 수준을 보였으나, 발아과정에서 일반세균, 대장균군 모두 $10^7-10^8CFU/g$으로 종자소독 여부에 관계없이 종자에 비하여 유의하게 높은 오염 수준을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 종자 소독하지 않은 클로버에서 Listeria monocytogenes 이 검출되었다. 따라서 새싹채소의 위생적인 안전성을 개선하기 위하여 미국 FDA 권고에 따라 재배전 종자의 소독이 필요하며, 발아과정의 HACCP 관리계획을 마련하여 중점적으로 관리하는 것이 필요하겠다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2016

유기 및 관행재배에 따른 엽경채류의 이화학적 품질 및 항산화 활성을 비교하고자 깻잎, 상추, 브로콜리 및 양배추 등을 이용하여 무게, 길이, 수분, 표면색, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능을 분석하였다. 무게, 길이의 경우, 전반적으로 관행재배한 엽경채류의 값이 높았으며, 수분함량의 경우 유기 및 관행재배 간 비슷한 값을 나타내었고, 재배조건에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다. 표면색에 있어서 깻잎과 상추의 a 값을 제외한 모든 시료에서 유기 및 관행재배 간 L, a, b 값의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 항산화 활성의 경우, 전반적으로 유기재배한 시료의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능이 관행재배한 시료보다 우수하였으며, 양배추의 경우 두 가지 항산화 활성에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 무게, 길이 등의 외적 품질에 대해서 관행재배한 엽경채류의 값이 높았고, 항산화 활성에 대해서는 유기재배한 엽경채류의 값이 높았으나, 유기 및 관행재배에 따른 내외적 품질비교를 위해서 더 많은 분석이 추가로 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from metabolic reactions cause oxidative DNA damage, which results in oxidative tissue injury. Therefore, there is an increasing demand in the intake of high antioxidant sources in order to maintain a healthy environment in cells. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus domestica (apple), Pyrus communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), and Raphanus sativus L. (radish) obtained from the local market. Since these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties, placing particular emphasis on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The samples were processed via an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assays, processed samples showed better antioxidant activities when compared to raw samples and processed pear samples exhibited the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) was assessed using RT-PCR. As expected, processed samples exhibited better iNOS inhibition when compared to their raw forms and processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples, up to 1 mg/mL concentration, did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells as demonstrated by cell viability assays. Altogether, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.