• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.19
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• pp.281-315
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• 2009

Korean traditional music has been a process art which has been changed and re-created by musicians to mirror the musical aesthetics of contemporary people. Form court music, which has tried to keep the "authentic" form as much as possible, to folk music, which is closely associated to the people's life style, traditional music has expressed the life of the Korean people. From the early 20th century, traditional music faced a totally new music culture due to the Japanese annexation and rapid westernization. A new music network was established by modern theater and broadcast system. Many gayageum (12-stringed zither) masters were able to develop their own music in this new music culture. Female musicians came to exist because of a new music education system, called gwonbeon (school for female entertainers). Due to the rapid westernization, traditional music was becoming 'extinct'. The government's new system of Intangible Cultural Heritage tried to preserve traditional culture. Traditional music came to revive but became fossilized in order to preserve the 'archetype'. The so-called Living Human Treasures took power and became a social problem. The modern school education system was one of major factors for promotion of traditional music. However, it became one of main reasons for musicians to lose their musical creativity. Today, many performers and composers try to make a new composition and renovated musical instruments to suit the contemporary musical aesthetics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.787-799
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• 2023

As IoT devices are widely used at home, IoT automation system that is integrate IoT devices for users' demand are gaining populrity. There is automation rule in IoT automation system that is collecting event and command action. But attacker delay the packet and make time that real state is inconsistent with state recongnized by the system. During the time, the system does not work correctly by predefined automation rule. There is proposed some detection method for delay attack, they have limitations for application to IoT systems that are sensitive to traffic volume and battery consumption. This paper proposes a practical packet delay attack detection technique that can be applied to IoT systems. The proposal scheme in this paper can recognize that, for example, when a sensor transmits an message, an broadcast packet notifying the transmission of a message is sent to the Server recognized that event has occurred. For evaluation purposes, an IoT system implemented using Raspberry Pi was configured, and it was demonstrated that the system can detect packet delay attacks within an average of 2.2 sec. The experimental results showed a power consumption Overhead of an average of 2.5 mA per second and a traffic Overhead of 15%. We demonstrate that our method can detect delay attack efficiently compared to preciously proposed method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.5
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• pp.625-634
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• 2003

More than a decade after its initial proposal, deployment of IP Multicast has been limited due to the problem of traffic control in multicast routing, multicast address allocation in global internet, reliable multicast transport techniques etc. Lately, according to increase of multicast application service such as internet broadcast, real time security information service etc., overlay multicast is developed as a new internet multicast technology. In this paper, we describe an overlay multicast protocol and propose fast join mechanism that considers switching of the tree. To find a potential parent, an existing search algorithm descends the tree from the root by one level at a time, and it causes long joining latency. Also, it is try to select the nearest node as a potential parent. However, it can't select the nearest node by the degree limit of the node. As a result, the generated tree has low efficiency. To reduce long joining latency and improve the efficiency of the tree, we propose searching two levels of the tree at a time. This method forwards joining request message to own children node. So, at ordinary times, there is no overhead to keep the tree. But the joining request came, the increasing number of searching messages will reduce a long joining latency. Also searching more nodes will be helpful to construct more efficient trees. In order to evaluate the performance of our fast join mechanism, we measure the metrics such as the search latency and the number of searched node and the number of switching by the number of members and degree limit. The simulation results show that the performance of our mechanism is superior to that of the existing mechanism.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.34
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• pp.293-316
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• 2014

(傳說의 故鄕) is a broadcast play as one-act play series based on Korean legends and folktales. It was first aired in 1977 from KBS and there has been borrowed from this play in a variety of genres such as books and movies as the name of this series securing its popularity and awareness of the public. In this context, this is a representative work for Korean horror genre. Recently, for example, a series webtoon <2013 Home of the Legends> is published on one of the main portal websites, NAVER from July, 2013. This webtoon is main subject of this study. The purpose of this study is to discuss how the genre characteristics of Korean horror in TV serial play transmitted and changed in series webtoon <2013 Home of the Legends>. TV serial play is a representative narrative based on Korean folktales, trying to change its narrative in the range of undestroyed folktale basic move with combining the original motifs. Serial webtoon <2013 Home of the Legends>, however, deconstructs this combination motif in folktale form and leads to new move in narrative. For Korean users accustomed to Korean folktale form as the architext, this will be expected as reversal and make catharsis. Meanwhile, the deconstruction of combination motif leads to extinction of its cause-and-effect, which consists the axis of original narrative form, with resulting powerless theme, good overcoming evil and punitive justice. The aspects of changes in <2013 Home of the Legends> represent new orientation of Korean horror.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.829-846
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic fertilization rates on the nutrient accumulation and recovery in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as well as growth and yield of radish in Jeju island. An understanding the relationships between organic fertilization rate, crop nutrient recovery and crop yield can assist in making organic fertilizer recommendation which balances crop value and environmental risk in organic cultivation. Nitrogen (T-N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$) and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied at 0, 115-35-40, 230-70-80 (standard application rate), 460-140-160, 230-200-100 (recommended application rate) and 158-53-35 kg/ha (customary application rate), respectively as the broadcast application of mixed organic fertilizer (N 4.5% - $P_2O_5$ 1.5% - $K_2O$ 1%) in combination with langbeinite ($K_2O$ 22%), 100% at sowing period. The organic fertilizer was made of organic materials like oil cakes. Total yield of radish, as fresh weight of roots, increased with increasing organic fertilizer doses to a maximum at rate of standard or soil-testing application. Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium accumulations of radish increased curvilinearly with increasing organic fertilization rate to a maximum at rate of N 460 - $P_2O_5$ 140 - $K_2O$ 160 kg/ha. However, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium use efficiency of applied organic fertilizer decreased curvilinearly or linearly with increasing organic fertilization rate. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with langbeinite (as a potassium source) had significant effect on the yield of radish. Organic fertilization on a basis of standard or soil-testing application rate is recommended for maximun radish yield in organic cultivation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.331-340
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• 1987

To determine the incidence rate of school accidents and its associated factors, a cohort observation was carried out in a boys' high school of a total of 2,324 students for an academic year from March 1986 to February 1987. Data for accidents were collected by the author (school nurse) as students came to the school health station for treatment of accidental injury. Data for school activities were obtained from the diary of academic affairs. A total of 603 students made 1,126 visits to the station for accidental injury during the study period that gave an average 1.9 accidents per student. The average number of visits for accidental injury per day was 5.1 and the incidence rate of accidental injury was 2.2 per 1,000 student days. Each class had about 30 accidents on the average in a year. However there were two classes that had exceptionally high incidence rate of accidents; 54 accidents in one class where 10 athletes were assigned and 58 accidents in the other class where the teacher in charge was On vacation for two months. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in June (3.4 per 1,000 student days) and the lowest rates were in December and February (1.5 and 0.7 per 1,000 student days, respectively) and there were no appreciable difference by day of week. Accidents were caused by mischief or carelessness of students in 62.2% and by the inappropriate tools and facilities of school in 18.6% . The accidents caused by tools and facilities were mainly due to the antiquated chairs and tables. Referral rate to hospital for severe injury was three times higher in cloudy days and five times higher in rainy days than in clear days. There was almost no accident during the examination period but increased after the examination. Based on these findings, following measures are recommended to prevent school accident: disperse the athletes throughout the classes: should the teacher in charge leave the class for a long period, replace with another teacher who is familiar with the class to keep order; replace or repair the inappropriate tools and facilities; and warn the students for the risk of accident or broadcast music or let the students have light physical exercise to relieve the tension in cloudy or rainy day and after examination.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 1981

On unwedded paddy fields, six cropping patterns of rice cultivation, namely direct broadcast seeding, direct row seeding, machine transplanting, early season hand transplanting, standard season hand transplanting, and late season hand transplanting, were detected with two representative rice cultivars (Milyang 23 and Sadominori) to estimate the comparative fluctuation patterns of weed flora. As a result, number of emerged weed species, most crowding stages, differences of weed growth among cropping patterns, possible tendencies of competition in plant heights among plant groups, variations in Importance Values, and Simpson's Index analysis were discussed, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

The effect of seeding depth on the growth, mesocotyl elongation and herbicidal response of rice(Oryza sativa L., Japonica type, cv. "Tongjin") and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var orizicola Ohwi.) were studied in greenhouse experiments. Barnyardgrass growth as affected by different water depths was briefly tested. Rice and barnyardgrass were broadcast in soil into Oem, 1cm, 2cm and 3cm in seeding depth under dry direct-seeded condition. Butachlor(N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide) at dose rate of 1800g ai/ha and thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethyl carbamothioate) at dose rate of 2100g and 4200g ai/ha were soil applied to them at 5 days after seeding. At 10 days after seeding, plants harvested to examine their growth as affected by seeding depth. Root length and shoot fresh weight of rice untreated was greatest in 1cm- and 3cm-seeding depth, respectively, however, mesocotyl did not elongate. While plant height of barnyardgrass grew regardless of seeding depth and water depth, but root length was greatest in 1cm-seeding depth of dry condition and reduced with increased water depth. And mesocotyl was elongated in only dry condition and its length increased with increased seeding depth. At 10 days after application thiobencarb applied pre-emergence inhibited plant height, and shoot fresh weight of rice in only 0cm-seeding depth under dry condition whereas was unaffected in above 1cm-seeding depth, similar to untreated control, and ever increased root length and root fresh weight of rice. On the other hand, shoot, root and leaf growth of barnyardgrass was, severely inhibited regardless of application rates and seeding depths. Reduction of shoot growth by treatment of herbicide was significantly greater than that of root growth. Consequently, reduction of barnyardgrass growth by treatment of thiobencarb did not be associated with seeding depth and mesocotyl elongation as affected by different seeding depth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2004

There is a growing demand for agrometeorological information that end-users can use and not just interesting information. lo achieve this, each region/community needs to develop and provide localized climate and weather information for growers. Additionally, provide tools to help local users interpret climate forecasts issued by the National Weather Service in the country. Real time information should be provided for farmers, including some basic data. An ideal agrometeorological information system includes several components: an efficient data measuring and collection system; a modern telecommunication system; a standard data management processing and analysis system; and an advanced technological information dissemination system. While it is conventional wisdom that, Internet is and will play a major role in the delivery and dissemination of agrometeorological information, there are large gaps between the "information rich" and the "information poor" countries. Rural communities represent the "last mile of connectivity". For some time to come, TV broadcast, radio, phone, newspaper and fax will be used in many countries for communication. The differences in achieving this among countries arise from the human and financial resources available to implement this information and the methods of information dissemination. These differences must be considered in designing any information dissemination system. Experience shows that easy across to information more tailored to user needs would substantially increase use of climate information. Opportunities remain unexplored for applications of geographical information systems and remote sensing in agro meteorology.e sensing in agro meteorology.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

About the phenomenon of being imaged of everything, the scholars of the humanities who had studied on the simple reason structure in a text have been in a big agony how accept it. Especially, semiologists have studied about this for a long time and the points at issues of Saussure, Peirce as well as Umbeto Eco are more outstanding. Being based upon his philosophic interesting from medieval esthetics to modern semiotics, Eco was very concerned about the field of general esthetics and poputar arts like television and cartoons. He connected the mutual open-relations between 'signifier' and 'signified' debated in Semiotics with the open and vague modern arts and regarding it as a deviation from the custom, intensively studied the film-media. Saussure is a representative figure of semiotics and explained Sign and the character of semiotics as the division into two parts such as signifier/ signified, form/ substance, langue/ parole, synchrony/ diachrony. The triadic semiotics (the theory that Sign is composed of the triadic structure like sign, referent and interpretant) of Peirce put the new item- 'interpretant' in sign and referent to connect them and open the possibility to introduce time in to the Sign. In this paper, I try to analyze a cartoon film in the semiotic structure with the systemic, reasonable and logical approach and analysis as as possible. While the images shown through a film were depended on the romantic and impressional judge in the past, due to semiotics, it' s quite possible to correlate the procedure of symbolization to social coherence so that we analyze the incredible power of images to suck audiences with the systemetic Sign. I accept all ot film-images including a cartoon film as not the simple esthetic arts but a social custom and system, want to serve as a aid to properly understand world and humanbeings and prevent the film-image from being mystic. A cartoon and a cartoon film which were begun with the link of a text and an illustration give shape to all of images such as materials, places and even thoughts with a cartoon icon existed in only a cartoon. A cartoon and a cartoon film simply and exquistely conceptualize the complex and vague attribute of an organic creature and extend them infinetly beyond language. However, it can be exploited as a mysticism to temptate the general public and a faking material. In addition to that, it can distort our world-knowledge engaging a political power and the massive power of mass media. In this paper, being based on semiotics to approach a cartoon film in a scientific and organic system, I conclude that a non-linguistic cartoon expression is entangled with the manifold signs and implies the supplementary meanings just like a regular linguistic expression. It remarks that the iconic images of a cartoon film are composed of the social codes and can be analyzed on grounds of a linguistic system.