• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2010

The distribution of three typical warm-temperate evergreen trees, Quercus acuta Thunb., Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz., and Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc., were surveyed on the Korean Peninsula based on field and specimen investigations and the distribution maps of the three species were prepared. The distribution patterns of the species correspond to the south coast floristic region in Korea, which includes the distributional areas of Jeju-do, Isl. Ulleung, the southern coastal areas, and the areas up to the islands around Incheon in the Yellow Sea. The northernmost limit of the distribution of Quercus acuta is Isl. Nap of Incheon in the west, and a new distribution was found at Isl. Ulleung in the East Sea; additionally, the limit of Neolitsea sericea is the Deojoek archipelago of Incheon. The northernmost limit of Machilus thunbergii is Isl. Daecheong of Incheon, which is the highest latitude among those of the three species. This distribution survey of evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea can be used as basic data for the delimitation of floristic regions and as a bio-indicator of climatic change.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal sound absorption conditions by comparing the sound absorption characteristics of fresh and air-dried leaves of Quercus glauca, the main species of evergreen broadleaf trees (EBLT) in southern Korea. The sound absorption coefficients (SACs) obtained under 18 conditions were comparatively analyzed. The SAC of air-dried leaves improved significantly with increasing leaf layer thickness. The highest average SAC in the fresh leaf group was 0.617, which was observed under the condition of a leaf specimen size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and a leaf layer thickness of 1.75 cm. In a group of air-dried leaves, this was 0.615 under the condition of a leaf specimen size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and a leaf layer thickness of 2.50 cm. The maximum value of SAC for each wavelength was observed under the condition of a leaf layer thickness of 2.50 cm consisting of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² leaf specimens, ranging from 1,400 Hz to 1,500 Hz.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2024

Determining the nutrient stoichiometry in plant organs is critical for understanding nutrient uptake and cycling in forest ecosystems. This study evaluated nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry in various plant organs (stem, bark, branches, and foliage) of species found in four warm-temperate forests in southern Korea. Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (CJ), Quercus serrata Thunb. (QS), evergreen broadleaved tree species (EB), and bamboo spp. (BB) were destructively sampled to measure nutrient (C, N, and P) concentrations in the plant organs. The mean C concentration in the stem was significantly higher in CJ than in QS, BB, or EB, whereas the C concentration in the foliage was the lowest in BB. The mean foliar N and P concentrations were higher in BB than in EB or CJ. The mean stem C:N and C:P ratios were highest in CJ but were lowest in the foliage of BB. Overall, stems of all species showed a strong positive correlation between C concentration and dry weight, but a negative correlation between N and dry weight. The N and P concentrations of foliage and bark were strongly correlated, whereas those of the stem and branches were poorly correlated. Positive correlations were detected between the C:N and C:P ratios in bark and foliage. These results indicate the existence of intraspecific differences in nutrient requirements in warm-temperate forest species and add to the understanding of nutrient uptake and storage patterns in the organs of species growing in warm-temperate forests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.17-20
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• 1980

This paper contains the results obtained by ecological investigation of ilora in Muie Island of Incheon Harbor in the xestern coast in Korea. 14 varieties, 1-27 species, 57 families and 142 genera of Tracheophyta were recorded by field investigations conducted over three times in May and July, 1976 and August, 1980. The flora of this island showed a plant community predominated by Pinus densiflol-a grown in miggle with Carpinus laxiflora, Quel-cus serrata and Rhododendron muucronulatum. Generally, the number of plant species was scarce, but it was an unexpected result that such remote mountainous plants as Lysinzachia clethrozdes, Sy7zeilesis palnzata and Lilzunz disttcum etc. were encountered in a wood surrounding Seohwang-dang, the shrine of a tutelary deity, on 126-Meter Hill at the northern end of the island. There also countered in Hoyong mountain valley were deciduous broad-leaved forests without pine tree which mainly consisted of Prunus leveillea7za, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Platycarya strofilada, Quercus serrata. Quercus acutissznza and Acer mono. In addition, herbaceous plants, such as Syneilesis palmata, Codonopsis lanceolata and Lysi\ulcornerna barystnchy were grown as the undergrowth of these forests. Drosera rotundifolio, an unlooked-for plant, . appeared in the middle of the eastern coast of the island. Camellia japo7tica was grown spontaneously in Deogjeog Island 261cm southwest from the island, while no evergreen broa-leaved tree could be located except 2 species of Vztex rotztndifolia and Euo~zymus japonrca. It may be considered that such simple flora of this island compared with that of land is attributed to the fact that the formation of the former took place in the period far latter than that of the latter.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 1990

Chodo Archipelago ($125^{\circ}$45 $-126^{\circ}$13 E and $34^{\circ}$15 $-34^{\circ}$25 N, ca. $56.7km^2$), a part of the Dadohae National Marine Park, largely is covered with substitutional vegetation under various human impact such as grazing, cutting for firewood. However natural vegetation is partially distributed in the tutelary shrine forests, deep valleys and etc. From October 1988 to June 1989, phytosociological investigation of this forest vegetation was carried out by Braun-Blanquet s method. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 association and 7 communities. Ardisio-Castanopsietum sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Litsea japonca, Eurya japonica-Pinus thunbergii mixed forest, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida afforestation. Carpinus coreana community. Based on the classification, the actual vegetation map was drawn in 1 : 50,000 scale.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.158-169
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• 1983

An investigation on the floras of Osik island and its neighboring two islands, 13km west of Gunsan, showed that there were a total of 305 kinds belonging to 81 families, 132 genus, 259 species, 42 varieties, 4 formas. Of the 305 kinds collected 213 kinds were herb and 92 kinds were woody plant. Seven species of evergreen broad-leaved trees including Euonymus japonica T., Eurya japonica T. and Elaeagnus macrophylla T. etc. are listed in the Norae-sum and Ga-do. The vegetations of Norae-sum and Ga-do were more favorable than that of Osik-do which vegetation was destructed by human inerferences. Coastal plants in these areas were about 30 species. It is interest that the floras of these areas were very similar to that of Gogunsangun-do (r=0.97) inspite of adjacency to inland area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

서해안 및 도서지역의 상록활엽수림 복원을 위한 기초조사로서 상록활엽수림의 복원과정을 지속적으로 모니터링하기 위하여 천리포수목원 닭섬에 대한 현존식생구조를 밝히고 도입식물들의 활착 상태를 조사하였다. 천리포수목원의 한랭지수는 -7.7$^{\circ}C$.month로 목포(-7.6$^{\circ}C$.month)와 거의 비슷하였으며, 서해안을 흐르는 황해난류의 영향으로 한서의 차가 비교적 적은 난온대성 기후특성을 나타내고 있다. 11개 식생구조구에 대한 식생조사 결과 곰솔이 우점종이었으며 1976년부터 식재하기 시작한 상록활엽수는 26종 708개체이었으며, 이 중 15종 121개체가 활착하여 약 19.1%의 생존율을 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.154-163
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• 1982

An ecological survey on the vegetation of Poong Island was conducted for 2 days from August 19 through 20, 1981 and the results obtained are summarized as follows: Flora of this island consist of 65 families, 157 genera, 167 species, 27 varieties and 3 forma of which herbs are classified into 38 families, 98 genera, 98 species, 20 varieties, 2 forma and trees into 33 families, 61 genera, 69 species, 7 varieties and 1 forma. Evergreen broad-leaved trees are scanty in distribution and only Eionymus japonia thunb. and Euonymus forannei var. radicans (Sieb. et Miq) Rehder are observed. The dominant species of this island is Pinus densiflora. Due to the low density of population (149.8) and low pure farming rate of this island, the destruction of nature is rarely to be noticed and therefore natural vegetation may be considered to have been well preserved.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.365-374
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• 2023

Eight years (2014-2021) of climate data were collected from an automatic weather observation system installed at the foot of Mt. Geumo in Chilgok, Gyeongbuk. Using these data, we investigated local bio-climatological indices (warmth index, WI; coldness index, CI; and effective accumulated temperature, EAT) of the mountain region adjacent to the Keimyung Dongyeong forest. The study area's WI and CI were 109.3℃ and -11.3℃ per month, respectively, averaged across 8 years. These values are indicative of an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the warm temperate climate zone, suitable for cultivating sweet persimmons and figs. Additionally, EAT in Dongyeong was 2,113.7℃, averaged across 8 years, suitable for growing crops such as corn, soybean, and potato.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the flora of Mt. Bongrae in Busan from February 2004 to May 2005. The flora in the surveyed area were identified 291 taxa that belonged to 82 families, 201 genera, 251 species, 35 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, evergreen broad trees were identified 21 taxa, naturalized plants 30 taxa, especial plants decided by Ministry of Environment 24 taxa. By the vegetation of each slope, in northeast slope, it was dominated such as Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Amorhpa fruticosa community, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium-Hedera rhombea community, north-northeast slope, it was distributed both Pinus thunbergii community and board-leaved tree community. In the southwest slope of coast site, it was presented plantation plants, according to altitude distributed such as natural vegetation, evergreen broad trees, warm-temperate plants. In southeast slope, it was to represent secondary vegetation such as Alnus firma community as a forest fire. Underside was mainly to search herbs such as naturalized plants and cruciferous family as a vegetable garden. In northwest slope, it was searched trees such as Pinus thunbergii community, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax japonca, Prunus sargentii, Aralia elata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Akebia quinata and herb layer such as Osmunda japonica, Allium thunbergii, Liriope platyphylla, Corydalis ochotensis, Scilla scilloides, Viola orientalis. Around the top, it was distributed such as Rhododendron mucronulatum-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Carpinus coreana, Viburnum erosum, Sorbus alnifolia.