• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.533-544
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• 2018

The importance of using materials cost effectively to enhance the strength and reduce the cost, and weight of earth fill materials in geotechnical engineering led researchers to seek for modifying the soil properties by adding proper additives. Lightweight fill materials made of soil, binder, water, and Expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads are increasingly being used in geotechnical practices. This paper primarily investigates the behavior of sandy soil, modified by EPS particles. Besides, the mechanical properties of blending sand, EPS and the binder material such as fly ash and cement were examined in different mixing ratios using a number of various laboratory studies including the Modified Standard Proctor (MSP) test, the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Direct Shear test (DST). According to the results, an increase of 0.1% of EPS results in a reduction of the density of the mixture for 10%, as well as making the mixture more ductile rather than brittle. Moreover, the compressive strength, CBR value and shear strength parameters of the mixture decreases by an increase of the EPS beads, a trend on the contrary to the increase of cement and fly ash content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2016

Ceramic is widely known material due to its outstanding mechanical property. Besides, Zirconia(ZrO2) has a low thermal conductivity so it is advantage in a heat insulation. Because of these superior properties, ZrO2 is attracted to many fields using ultra high temperature for example vehicle engines, aerospace industry, turbine, nuclear system and so on. However brittle fracture is a disadvantage of the ZrO2. In order to overcome this problem, we can make the ceramic materials to the forms of ceramic nanoparticles, ceramic nanowhiskers and these forms can be used to an agent of composite materials. In this work, we selected Au catalyzed Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism to synthesize ZrO2 nanowhiskers. The ZrO2 whiskers are grown through Hot-wall Chemical Vapor Deposition(Hot wall CVD) using ZrCl4 as a powder source and Au film as a catalyst. This Hot wall CVD method is known to comparatively cost effective. The synthesis condition is a temperature of $1100^{\circ}C$, a pressure of 760torr(1atm) and carrier gas(Ar) flow of 500sccm. To observe the morphology of ZrO2 scanning electron microscopy is used and to identify the crystal structure x-ray diffraction is used.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2018

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a type of ultra-high strength cement-based material with a dense microstructure, which is made of ultra-fine powders. RPC demonstrate a very brittle behavior, thus adding fibers improves its mechanical properties. In this study, it was attempted to investigate the effect of using steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as well as their combination on the properties of RPC. In this regard, hooked-end crimped steel fibers together with short PVA fibers were utilized. Steel and PVA fibers were used with the maximum volume fraction of 3% and 0.75%, respectively, and also different combinations of these fibers were used with the maximum volume fraction of 1% in the concrete mixes. In total, 107 concrete specimens were prepared, and the effect of fiber type and volume fraction on the physico-mechanical properties of RPC including compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, and failure mode was explored. In addition, the effect of the curing type on the properties of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and density of RPC was evaluated. Finally, coefficients for conversion of cubic compressive strength to cylindrical one for the RPC specimens were obtained under the two curing regimes of heat treatment and standard water curing.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.261-291
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• 2016

This paper deals with the seismic assessment of a real RC frame building located in Italy, designed according to the current Italian seismic code. The first part of the paper deals with the calibration of the structural model of the investigated building. The results of an in-situ dynamic identification test are employed in a sensitivity and parametric study in order to find the best fit model in terms of frequencies and modal shapes. In the second part, the safety of the structure is evaluated by means of nonlinear static analyses, taking into account the results of the previous dynamic study. In order to investigate the influence of the infills on the seismic response of the structure, the nonlinear static analyses are performed both neglecting and taking into account the infill panels. The infill panels differently change the behavior of the structure in terms of strength and stiffness at different seismic intensity levels. The assessment study also verifies the absence of brittle failures in structural elements, which could be caused by either the local interaction with infills or the failure of the strength hierarchy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.23 no.6 s.165
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 1999

Electrolytic in-process dressing grinding technique which enables application of metal bond wheels with fine superabrasives in mirror surface grinding operations has developed. It is possible to make efficient precision machining of hard and brittle material such as ceramic and hard metal by the employment of this technique. However, in order to ensure the success of performances such as efficient machining, surface finish, and surface quality, it is important to sustain the insulating layer that has sharply exposed abrasives in wheel surface. Using AE(Acoustic Emission) sensor, this paper will show whether the insulating layer sustains stably or not in real grinding time. And by comparing AErms value and surface roughness their thresholds for stable electrolytic in-process dressing grinding will be determined.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2109-2115
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• 2001

Miniaturized specimen technology is useful to characterize the mechanical behavior when it is difficult to sample the material enough for the test. In this study, two kinds of miniaturized Charpy impact specimens(i.e., miniaturized specimen with side groove and without side groove) of aged 1Cr- lMo-0.25V steel were prepared and tested. The relationship between the extent of degradation in terms of ductile brittle transition temperature(DBTT) and the fracture stress of 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel was established. The fracture stress obtained from miniaturized specimen without side groove turned out to be linearly related with the DBTT of standard specimen. Therefore the fracture toughness of aged turbine rotor steel might be evaluated by the fracture stress. In addition, the correlation between DBTT of standard specimen and that of miniaturized specimen was investigated. As the results of normalizing DBTT by maximum elastic tensile stress, the normalized DBTT of miniaturized specimen without side groove allows one to estimate that of standard specimen.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1994

Welding of structure produces welding residual stresses which influence buckling strength, brittle fracture strength and cold crack on the weld parts. Therefore, it is very important to accurately analyze the residual stress before welding in order to guarantee the safety of weldment. If the weld length is long enough compared to the thickness and the breadth of plate, thermal and mechanical behaviors in the middle portion of the plate are assumed to be uniform along the thickness direction(z-axis). Thus, the following conditions(so-called plane deformation) can be assumed for the plate except near its end;1) distributions of stress and strain are independent on the z-axis;2) plane normal to z-axis before deformation remains plane during and after deformation. In this paper, plane-deformation thermal elasto-plastic problem is formulated by being based on the finite element method. Moreover special regards and paid to the fact that material properties in elastic and plastic region are temperature-dependence. And the method to solve the plane-deformation thermal elasto-plastic problem is shown by using the incremental technique. From the results of analysis, the characterisics of distribution of welding residual stress and plastic strain with the production mechanism are clarified.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.119-124
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• 2012

Ceramics are becoming one of the most important materials due to its good mechanical properties such as high strength, hardness, chemical safety, and high modulus of elasticity. Ceramics have been used widely as a material not only for construction, but also for vehicles, planes, and bones for the human body. Despite these advantages, ceramics have some limitations in actual use due to its brittle fracture characteristic. In order to develop ceramic belt in this study, the data regarding stiffness and strain is necessary. For this purpose, the sensitivities of maximum stress value and displacement are analyzed by applying the load change on ceramic belt with finite element method program.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.246-252
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• 1996

$Bi_{2}Te_{3}-Sb_{2}Te_{3}$, $Bi_{2}Te_{3}-Bi_{2}Se_{3}$ solid solutions are of great interest as materials for thermoelectric energy conversion. One of the key technologies to ensure the efficiency of thermoelectric device is to obtain chemically homogeneous solid solutions. In this work, the new process with rapid solidification followed by hot pressing was investigated to produce homogeneous thermoelectric materials. Characteristics of the materials were examined with XRD, SEM, EPMA-line scan and bending test. Property variations of the materials were investigated as a function of variables, such as excess Te quantity and hot pressing temperature. Quenched ribbons are very brittle and consisted of homogeneous $Bi_{2}Te_{3}$, $Sb_{2}Te_{3}$ solid solutions. When the process parameters were optimized, the maximum figure of merit was 3.073$\times$$10^{-3}K^{-4}$. The bending strength of the material, hot pressed at 45$0^{\circ}C$, was 5.87 kgf/${mm}^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts a chemical energy directly into an electrical energy and has higher energy efficiency than an internal combustion engine, but solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) consisting of brittle ceramic material remains as a major issue regarding the mechanical properties as the crack formation and propagation. In this study, the stress distribution and crack behavior around the crack tip were evaluated, due to investigated the effects of the surface crack at the operating condition of high temperature. As a result, the difference of the generated stress was insignificant at operating conditions of high temperature according to the surface crack length changes. This is because, the high stiffness interconnect has a closed structure to suppress cell deformation about thermal expansion. The stress intensity factor ratio $K_{II}/K_I$ increased as the crack depth increased, at that time the effect of $K_{II}$ is larger than that of $K_I$. Also the maximum stress intensity factor increased as the crack depth increased, but the location of crack was generated at the electrolyte/anode interface, not at the crack tip.