• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1978

연탄재의 경화(硬化)에 관한 연구(硏究)를 위하여 일본산(日本産) 경화재(硬化材) 3종(種)으로 연탄재를 경화시킨 경우와 국내산(國內産) 시멘트로 연탄재를 경화시킨 경우의 압축강도(壓縮强度)와 인장강도(引張强度)를 배합별(配合別), 재령별(材令別)로 구분(區分)하여 비교(比較) 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경화재(硬化材) 사용(使用)이 시멘트 사용(使用)모다 압축강도(壓縮强度) 인장강도(引張强度가 높으게 나타났으며 그 중에서도 C종(種)이 가장 높았다. 2. 압축강도(壓縮强度)는 1 : 3일 때 C종(種)에서 $177.6kg/cm^2$ A종(種)에서 $168.6kg/cm^2$ B종(種)에서 $155.94kg/cm^2$의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 3. 인장강도(引張强度)는 1 : 3일 때 C종(種)에서 $24.63kg/cm^2$ B종(種)에서 $23.14kg/cm^2$ A종(種)에서 $22.45kg/cm^2$의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 4. 시멘트 모르터에 비하면 저강도(低强度)이지만 저강도(低强度)의 콘크리트 제품(製品)에 이용(利用)이 가능(可能)하다고 보며 연탄재를 고형화(固形化)함으로써 폐기물(廢棄物)에 의한 공해방지(公害防止)와 폐기물(廢棄物) 처리(處理)의 노력(勞力) 절약(節約)과 최종처분(最終處分)의 폐기물(廢棄物)의 양(量)이 감량(減量)되고 폐기물(廢棄物)의 유효이용(有效利用)으로 자원(資源)의 절약(節約)에 유익(有益)하다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics of groundwater in the petroleum contaminated site and to evaluate the applicability of house-type landfarm facilities heated with briquette stoves in winter season. The six monitoring wells were installed at the site where pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were all measured. Also groundwater contaminants, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and total petroleum hydrocarbon, were analyzed twice. House-type two landfarm facilities ($12m{\times}40m{\times}4.8m$) each installed with four briquette stoves were constructed. During four rounds treatment process, VOCs, moisture, temperature were monitored and soil contaminants were analyzed. The pH was 6.37 and considered subacid and DO was measured to be 3.12 mg/L. The temperature of groundwater was measured to be $9.48^{\circ}C$. The groundwater contaminants were detected only in the monitoring wells within the contaminated area or close to it showing that the groundwater contaminated area was similar to the soil contaminated area. During the landfarm process, 73.3% of VOCs concentration in interior gas was decreased and moisture was lowered from 17.7% to 13.4%. In the morning, at 8:00 am, the temperature was decreased showing soil ($5.5^{\circ}C$) > interior ($4.8^{\circ}C$) > exterior ($3.5^{\circ}C$). In the afternoon, at 2:00 pm, the temperature was soil ($8.6^{\circ}C$) < interior ($9.9^{\circ}C$) < exterior ($11.5^{\circ}C$) with solar radiation. The temperature difference between interior and exterior was $0.7^{\circ}C$ in the morning, but it was $1.6^{\circ}C$ in the afternoon. A total of 130 days were taken for four round landfarm processes. Each process was completed within 33 days showing 80% of cleanup efficiency ($1^{st}$ order dissipation rate(k) = 0.1771).

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.447-451
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• 2002

The explosive compaction for processing of electrode material was realized based on axisymmetric loading scheme. The compression of internally oxidized fraction of the alloy Cu-0.15%BeO alloy did not provide a considerable strengthening effect; average microhardness varied from 130 to l50Mpa. The tensile strength comes to 30Mpa. However this method can be applicable to obtain a dense briquette for further extrusion of electrode.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1972

Carbon Monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious Public health problems in Korea. The incidence rate. officially reported has been known to be the highest in the world. This high incidence is mainly due to the wide prevalence of anthracite coal briquette as the domestic fuel for unique Korean heating system called 'ondol,' The coal briquette gas contains around 3-5% of Carbon Monoxide. A nation-wide effort to eliminate or reduce this serious hazards has produced little effect and the most hospitals are offering very ineffective measures such as oxygen inhalation through nasal catheter. Author has believed that this preventable accident should be approached by the secondary preventive measure because of our socio-economic status do not allow us optimistic results from primary preventive measure as far as the problem of CO poisoning is concerned. Author has treated 466 patients during 30 months period by Hyperbaric Oxygenation at Seoul National University Hospital. The results found are as follows. 1. Female has a higher incidence rate than male and the age group between 15-29 years showed highest incidence. 2. The recovery time depends on the time when the patients arrived at hospital. Earlier the arrival time, shorter the recovery time. 3. Some objective signs are representing typical physiological response to tissue hypoxia. 4. Therapeutic effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxypenation is confirmed by such indices as recovery rate, Admission rate and average stay in hospital. Futher, these results are cocordant with other reports on the clinical value of Hyperbaric Oxygenation in the treatment of CO poisoning.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

Globally, use of affordable fuels such as briquettes, woods and wood pellets has increased. Organic pollutants emitted from non-point sources using solid fuels may have contributed to air pollution in urban environment. In this study, we utilized simulated incinerator proposed by U.S. EPA and investigated concentrations of PM, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, OC/EC, CO, $SO_x$, $NO_x$, VOCs and PAHs emitted while cooking meat and fish using briquettes, woods and wood pellets, and developed emission factors. As a result, wood combustion produced more air pollutants than the others. Particulate matter emission factors for woods and wood pellets were 13.54 g/kg and 9.15 g/kg, respectively. Total VOCs emission factors for briquettes, woods and wood pellets were 36.12mg/kg, 46.13mg/kg and 18.26mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, total PAHs emission factors for briquette, woods and wood pellets were 0.44 mg/kg, 18.84mg/kg and 101.62mg/kg, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

In China, energy and environmental problems are becoming serious owing to rapid economic development. Coal is the most problematic energy source because it causes indoor and outdoor air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. One type of clean coal technology that has been developed is the coal-biomass briquette (or bio-briquette, BB) technique. BBs, which are produced from pulverized coal, biomass (typically, agricultural waste), and a sulfur fixation agent (slaked lime, $Ca(OH)_2$) under high pressure without any binder, have a high sulfur-fixation effect. In addition, BB combustion ash, that is, the waste material, can be used as a neutralization agent for acidic soil because of its high alkalinity, which originates from the added slaked lime. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of alternative biomass sources, namely, aquatic plants, as a BB constituent from the perspective of their use as a source of energy. We selected three types of aquatic plants for use in BB preparation and compared the fuel, handling, and environmental characteristics of the new BBs with those of conventional BBs. Our results showed that air-dried aquatic plants had a higher calorific value, which was in proportion to their carbon content, than agricultural waste biomass; the compressive strength of the new BBs, which depends on the lignin content of the biomass, was high enough to bear long-range intracontinental transport in China; and the new BBs had the same emission control capacity as the conventional BBs.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

바이오매스로부터의 고밀화연료는 북미와 유럽에서 신재생에너지로서 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일본잎갈나무와 현사시나무를 피스톤 프레스를 이용하여 브리켓을 제조하였으며, 연료적 특성 및 고밀화 특성을 밝히고자 압력, 가압시간, 수종 및 목분 크기가 브리켓의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 상온에서 110~170 MPa의 압력을 가해 제조된 일본잎갈나무와 현사시나무 브리켓의 4주간 경과 후의 밀도는 0.66~0.94 g/$cm^3$이고, 적정 가압시간은 12초이며, 제조 압력이 증가하면 브리켓의 밀도는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 일본잎갈나무 브리켓이 현사시나무 브리켓보다 밀도가 컸으며, 목분의 크기가 클수록 브리켓의 밀도가 컸다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 1975

This study is aimed to increase the heat efficiency and to decrease the evolution of carbon monooxide during the combustion of holed coal-briquet by using of non-covered fire-box, and determined carbon monooxide versus combustion time and number of air-hole by the using of Orsat gas analyzer. The obtained results are as follows (1) Carbon monooxide are evolved the greatest quantity between 3rd and 6th hour from the hegining of combustion. (2) Combustion time of holed coal-briquet is not showed the difference to fire-boxes of A-type ($\phi$60mm) and B-type ($\phi$165mm). (3) Combustion temperature is decreased in turns of 4 air-hole>3 air-hole>2 air-hole to holed coal-briquet.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Actual states of energy utilizations were investigated and analyzed on three representative rural villages in Chungcheongnam-Do. Rural residents were almost using the ondol boiler as a heating facility and oil(diesel, kerosene) and electricity(night thermal-storage power service) as a heating energy. There were a few households using briquette or firewood in a fuel hole with Korean hypocaust. Most of their cooking facilities were gas ranges using LPG. The most popular hot-water supply system was an oil boiler and the next was an electricity boiler. The amount of energy use in a rural household generally showed 20,000 to 40,000 won/month of the electric power rate, 400 to 800 liter/year of the oil and 60 to 120 kg/year of the LPG. Prompt measures should be taken to promote the spread of new and renewable energy such as solar heat, biomass and wind power, etc.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.215-218
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• 2003

In order to study the frost heaving characteristics of soil stabilitized with a quick lime, a cement and a briquette ash, frost heaving tests were performed with 2 kinds of soil sampled at Chonbuk-Do area. Frost heaving of no-stabilizing soil compacted with water content greater than optimum water content was increased as the frost period was increased but in case of samples with water content smaller than optimum water content, the frost period gave no affect about increase and decrease of the frost heaving. Both frost heaving of stabilizing and no-stabilizing soil with water content greater than optimum water content was decreased with the increase of the repetition number of freezing and thawing. There was no increase or decrease of frost heaving in the frost heaving test after 5 times of freezing and thawing.