• STI Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.92-110
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• 2012

An active policy role is suggested for collaboration that will enhance national level Science and Technology (S&T) capabilities. In contrast, some studies see a limited role of policy support for collaborative S&T research at the individual level (including research groups or institutional levels) due to their self-organizing nature. Two views on S&T collaboration look at different levels but existing research largely ignores the context of developing countries. This paper shows how S&T collaborations between Brazil and Korea have developed over the past two decades. The paper indicates the gaps between initiation and the actual establishment of collaborative research at national and individual levels, differences in the focus areas of research, differences in resources and project planning, and the nature of collaborations. Collaborative research activities at the national level were initiated before the individual level but activated later than the individual level; in addition, the focus areas of research were laid down earlier at the national level with individual collaborations focused on different areas. Project types remained different at each level (i.e. top-down and bottom-up) or with a slightly changing mix. This study suggests appropriate policy measures (such as the timely and effective information collection of activities at different levels and proactive coordination) that could reduce the gaps in the timing and alignment of research areas. This paper also alludes to an evolutionary model to develop S&T collaboration among developing countries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.971-974
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• 2014

A ventricular assist device (VAD) is used for bridge to heart transplantation and heart diseases. Knowing the status of a pneumatic pulsatile VAD when implanting it into the body is important: when the velocity of blood flow through the VAD is slow, a thrombus may occur, and thrombosis can be fatal to a patient. In order to determine the state of a VAD, various sensors need to be implanted. Because this introduces the risk of infection and difficulties with sensor management, we developed a method for estimating the state of a VAD indirectly via the pressure in an air tube that can be measured in vitro. We compared the measured values to in vitro experimental results. The estimated and measured values showed some errors, but the accuracy can be improved by refining the estimation process to minimize the risk of infection.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.457-462
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• 2021

As South Korea is a mountainous topography, installation of tunnel is essential for construction of expressway in straight lines. According to "2019 Road Bridge and Tunnel Status Report", there are 2,682 tunnels in Korea with total length of 2,077km. Tunnels take up 1.9% of total road length and the number of tunnel increased by 94% with 1,300 newly constructed tunnels over the 10 years. According to domestic and foreign researches, a long tunnel over 1km in expressway has dark lightings and monotonous wall design which decrease driver's concentration and make the driver feel bored. This leads to feeling fatigue and drowsiness more easily. In response, Korea Expressway Corporation installed design lighting that increases attentiveness on 10 tunnels with total length over 3km by 2020. To reduce the risks of accident that may happen inside the tunnel, this study conducted a comparative analysis on characteristics of each type of LED landscape lighting installed inside the expressway tunnel. The study aimed on providing the basic material for effective installation of LED landscape lighting for securing driving stability, reducing fatigue, and lowering the risk of drowsiness.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

Recently, interest in AI tutors is rising as a way to bridge the educational gap in school settings. However, research confirming the effectiveness of AI tutors is lacking. The purpose of this study is to explore how effective learner characteristics and recommended item learning activities are in predicting learner's academic performance in an adaptive online learning environment. This study proposed the hypothesis that learner characteristics (prior knowledge, midterm evaluation) and recommended item learning activities (learning time, correct answer check, incorrect answer correction, satisfaction, correct answer rate) predict academic achievement. In order to verify the hypothesis, the data of 362 learners were analyzed by collecting data from the learning management system (LMS) from the perspective of learning analytics. For data analysis, regression analysis was performed using the regsubset function provided by the leaps package of the R program. The results of analyses showed that prior knowledge, midterm evaluation, correct answer confirmation, incorrect answer correction, and satisfaction had a positive effect on academic performance, but learning time had a negative effect on academic performance. On the other hand, the percentage of correct answers did not have a significant effect on academic performance. The results of this study suggest that recommended item learning activities, which mean behavioral indicators of interaction with AI tutors, are important in the learning process stage to increase academic performance in an adaptive online learning environment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.811-818
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• 2018

A fire and explosion accident caused by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) welding and cutting torch gas leak occurred 10 m underground at the site of reinforcement work for bridge columns, killing four people and seriously injuring ten. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the accident to identify the fundamental causes of the explosion by analyzing the structure of the construction site and the properties of propane, which was the main component of LPG welding and cutting work used at the site. The range between the lower and upper explosion limits of leaking LPG for welding and cutting work was examined using Le Chatelier's formula; the behavior of LPG concentration change, which included dispersion and concentration change, was analyzed using the fire dynamic simulator (FDS). We concluded that the primary cause of the accident was combustible LPG that leaked from a welding and cutting torch and formed a explosion range between the lower and upper limits. When the LPG contacted the flame of the welding and cutting torch, LPG explosion occurred. The LPG explosion power calculation was verified by the blast effect computation program developed by the Department of Defense Explosive Safety Board (DDESB). According to the fire simulation results, we concluded that the welding and cutting torch LPG leak caused the gas explosion. This study is useful for safety management to prevent accidents caused by LPG welding and cutting work at construction sites.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2018

Human beings have made remarkable advances in medical technology as well as technological advances. However, as was the case in the past, incurable diseases still exist: temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). The diagnosis of the Korean medical staff, currently called a "medical advance," is adhering to the outdated patient's comments, diagnosis using a doctor's auditory diagnosis and a ruler, and diagnosis of X-ray imaging. Therefore, it is important to have accurate patient symptoms, to have a doctor's own diagnosis and experience, to increase the number of diagnoses due to the severity of the symptoms, and to cover the costs of medical care. To solve this problem, the core conductive signal generated from the bridge was quantified through %MVC. Quantified EMG will be assessed and compared with Cortex to establish a jaw joint condition evaluation criterion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

As a method of predicting the displacement of river levee in advance, Differential Interferometry (D-InSAR) kind of InSAR techniques was used to identify weak points in the area of the levee collapes near Gumgok Bridge (Somjin River) in Namwon City, which occurred in the summer of 2020. As a result of analyzing the displacement using five images each in the spring and summer of 2020, the Variation Index (V) of area where the collapse occurred was larger than that of the other areas, so the prognostic sysmptoms was detected. If the levee monitoring system is realized by analyzing the correlations with displacement results and hydrometeorological factors, it will overcome the existing limitations of system and advance ultra-precise, automated river levee maintenance technology and improve national disaster management.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.1029-1037
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• 2020

The machine learning algorithm has been widely used in water-related fields such as water resources, water management, hydrology, atmospheric science, water quality, water level prediction, weather forecasting, water discharge prediction, water quality forecasting, etc. However, water quality prediction studies based on the machine learning algorithm are limited compared to other water-related applications because of the limited water quality data. Most of the previous water quality prediction studies have predicted monthly water quality, which is useful information but not enough from a practical aspect. In this study, we predicted the dissolved oxygen (DO) using recurrent neural network with long short-term memory model recurrent neural network long-short term memory (RNN-LSTM) algorithms with hourly- and daily-datasets. Bugok Bridge in Oncheoncheon, located in Busan, where the data was collected in real time, was selected as the target for the DO prediction. The 10-month (temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) data were used as time prediction inputs, and the 5-year (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and rainfall) data were used as the daily forecast inputs. Missing data were filled by linear interpolation. The prediction model was coded based on TensorFlow, an open-source library developed by Google. The performance of the RNN-LSTM algorithm for the hourly- or daily-based water quality prediction was tested and analyzed. Research results showed that the hourly data for the water quality is useful for machine learning, and the RNN-LSTM algorithm has potential to be used for hourly- or daily-based water quality forecasting.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.595-602
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• 2021

The robot is developing into a software-oriented shape that recognizes the surrounding situation and is given a task. Cloud Robotics Platform is a method to support Service Oriented Architecture shape for robots, and it is a cloud-based method to provide necessary tasks and motion controllers depending on the situation. As it evolves into a humanoid robot, the robot will be used to help humans in generalized daily life according to the three robot principles. Therefore, in addition to robots for specific individuals, robots as public goods that can help all humans depending on the situation will be universal. Therefore, the importance of information security in the Cloud Robotics Computing environment is analyzed to be composed of people, robots, service applications on the cloud that give intelligence to robots, and a cloud bridge that connects robots and clouds. It will become an indispensable element for In this paper, we propose a Security Scheme that can provide security for communication between people, robots, cloud bridges, and cloud systems in the Cloud Robotics Computing environment for intelligent robots, enabling robot services that are safe from hacking and protect personal information.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.191-204
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to present a methodology to evaluate the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOS) used in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A specific feature-based gauge was designed, manufactured, and measured in a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), obtaining reference distances and angles. Then, 10 scans were taken by an IOS with the gauge in the patient's mouth and from the obtained stereolithography (STL) files, a total of 40 distances and 150 angles were measured and compared with the gauge's reference values. In order to provide a comparison, there were defined distance and angle groups in accordance with the increasing scanning area: from a short span area to a complete-arch scanning extension. Data was analyzed using software for statistical analysis. RESULTS. Deviations in measured distances showed that accuracy worsened as the scanning area increased: trueness varied from 0.018 ± 0.021 mm in a distance equivalent to the space spanning a four-unit bridge to 0.106 ± 0.08 mm in a space equivalent to a complete arch. Precision ranged from 0.015 ± 0.03 mm to 0.077 ± 0.073 mm in the same two areas. When analyzing angles, deviations did not show such a worsening pattern. In addition, deviations in angle measurement values were low and there were no calculated significant differences among angle groups. CONCLUSION. Currently, there is no standardized procedure to assess the accuracy of IOS in vivo, and the results show that the proposed methodology can contribute to this purpose. The deviations measured in the study show a worsening accuracy when increasing the length of the scanning area.