• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes related to pig IMF, especially using pig populations with high IMF content variation, can help to establish novel molecular breeding tools for optimizing IMF in pork and unveil the mechanisms that underlie fat metabolism. Methods: We collected muscle samples of 453 Chinese Lulai black pigs, measured IMF content by Soxhlet petroleum-ether extraction method, and genotyped genome-wide SNPs using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD BeadChip. Then a genome-wide association study was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA software. Results: A total of 43 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with IMF content by the cutoff p<0.001. Among these significant SNPs, the greatest number of SNPs (n = 19) were detected on Chr.9, and two linkage disequilibrium blocks were formed among them. Additionally, 17 significant SNPs are mapped to previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IMF and confirmed previous QTLs studies. Forty-two annotated genes centering these significant SNPs were obtained from Ensembl database. Overrepresentation test of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms revealed some enriched reactome pathways and GO terms, which mainly involved regulation of basic material transport, energy metabolic process and signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of IMF content in pork and facilitate the follow-up study of fine-mapping genes that influence fat deposition in muscle.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1993년도 학술대회지
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• pp.138-142
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• 1993

Korean ginseng has been widely used as medicine from ancient times in Asia. Current breeding efforts in Korea include the individual plant selection and the subsequent pure - line isolation, and considerable number of lines with desirable traits have thus been isolated. However, there were rare data on genetic maker and its analysis for selection of superior varieties. For taxonomic characterization and development of genetic markers for ginseng breeding, molecular biological methods including the RFLP and RAPD methods were applied. Cytoplasmic DNA of ginseng was analyzed for RFLP analysis. However. there is no different pattern among the chloroplast DNA or mitochondrial DNA of variants. In the case of RAPD analysis, the band patterns using 4 of 10 RAPD primers show the distinctive polymorphism among 9 ginseng variants, and lines, and Similarity Index(SI) on polymorphism was calculated for the extent and nature of these variabilities in ginseng. The sequences of 4 selected primers were TGCCGAGCTG, AATCGGGCTG. GAAACGGGTG, and GTGACGTAGG. By SI based on the polymorphic band patterns, Chungkyung - Chong and Hwangskoog - Chong, and JakyungChong 81783 and Jinjakyung of Russia showed the most close SI. The data of KG10l coincided with the fact that it was released from Hwangskoog - Chong. and Jakyung - Chong 81783 and Jinjakyung of Russia showed the most close SI. The data of KG101 coincided with the fact that it was released from Hwangskoog - Chong by breeding process. The data of Jakyung strains indicated the significant variation among the strains. From these results, RAPD analysis method could be succesively applied to the classification and genetic analysis for breeding of Korean ginseng.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.107-111
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• 2002

During the breeding season of 1998, breeding ecology of the Great Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis) was studied at Yangsoo-ri and Yongdam-ri of the Yangpyung-gun, Kyunggi province, Korea. Egg-weight (CV: 6.25) was more variable than either length or breadth, and breadth was the least variable of the measures. Significant variations In overall egg-weight occurred between clutches, and that more of the total variation in egg-weight and shape are due to inter-clutch variation as to intra-clutch variation when the data were pooled. The last egg tends to be larger than the remaining eggs in the clutch of the Great Reed-Warbler, suggest- ing the Great Reed-Warbler may adopt the brood-survival strategy. When method 3 was used, the most common incubation period is 12 days. In the Great Reed-Warbler, the length of the incubation period was related to clutch-size when method 1 (r=0.485, p<0.05) and method 2 (r=0.621, p<0.01) were employed, but not related to egg weight. The average number of days of hatching asynchrony was 2.5, raging 0.5∼2.5. Asynchronous hatching was related to the clutch size (r=0.66, p<0.01). Hatching sequence was closely related to the laying sequence (r=0.93, p<0.001), suggesting Great Reed-Warblers incubate their eggs before clutch completion. The effect of egg weight on hatching asynchrony was found in Great Reed-Warblers (t-test, p<0.01).

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2023

This study has evaluated the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) of the commercial Hanwoo population using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) method and genomic information. Furthermore, it analyzed the accuracy and realized accuracy of the GEBV. 1,740 heads of the Hanwoo population which were analyzed using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Chip has selected as the test population. For carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), the mean GEBVs estimated using the GBLUP method were 3.819, 0.740, -0.248, and 0.041, respectively and the accuracy of each trait was 0.743, 0.728, 0.737, and 0.765, respectively. The accuracy of the breeding value was affected by heritability. The accuracy was estimated to be low in EMA with low heritability and high in MS with high heritability. Realized accuracy values of 0.522, 0.404, 0.444, and 0.539 for CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS, respectively, showing the same pattern as the accuracy value. The results of this study suggest that the breeding value of each individual can be estimated with higher accuracy by estimating the GEBV using the genomic information of 18,499 reference populations. If this method is used and applied to individual selection in a commercial Hanwoo population, more precise and economical individual selection is possible. In addition, continuous verification of the GBLUP model and establishment of a reference population suitable for commercial Hanwoo populations in Korea will enable a more accurate evaluation of individuals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.598-602
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• 2004

The Tongcheng pig breed is a famous Chinese indigenous breed. The Ministry of Agriculture of China has filed it as 1 of 19 national key conservation breeds selected from more than 100 Chinese indigenous pig breeds in 2000. In order to improve the reproductive performance, it has been intensively selected to increase the litter size for about 10 years. The population randomly sampled from conservation nucleus of eight families in the Tongcheng pigs was genotyped for identification of their estrogen receptor locus polymorphisms with the PCR-RFLPs method. Only AB heterozygotes and BB homozygotes were detected, and $X^2$ test demonstrated that the locus was in disequilibrium at a significant level (p<0.05). In the present paper, the litter sizes in different parities were regarded as different traits. Holistic status of other unspecific and unidentified genes was estimated by using the statistical methods. Coefficients of kurtosis and skewness showed that the litter size still presented segregating characteristic in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th parities. Analysis of homogeneity of variance between families confirmed the results for the 5th, 7th and 8th parities. The heritability of litter size for the 1st to 10th parities was estimated with paternal half-sib model and individual estimated breeding values (EBVs) were evaluated by a single trait animal model as well. We found that the averages of EBVs for litter size in each parity did not differ significantly between genotypes, despite the significant difference for original phenotype records in the 3rd, 4th and 5th parities (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The results may be explained by the deduction that the polymorphisms of ESR locus are no longer the important genetic base of litter size variation when the frequency of allele B accumulated in the experience of selection procedure, and further conferring that there exist special genes associated with litter size in the recent Tongcheng pigs population can be made.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2008

영남평야지 조기재배시 국내 육성된 고품질 조생종 품종들의 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 공시품종들의 평균 출수기는 7월 22일로 8월 하순에서 9월 상순사이에 수확이 가능한 것으로 판단되었고, 공시품종들의 평균 수당립수, 등숙율 및 수량에서 품종간 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 운광벼가 수량이 529 kg/10a로 가장 많았다. 2. 수확시기별 현미 품위를 조사한 결과 동할미 발생을 줄이고 현미 정립율을 높이기 위해서는 출수 후 40일경에 수확하는 것이 정립은 8월25일$\sim$ 9월1일 사이 수확하는 것이 가장 높았으며, 수확시기가 늦어질수록 미숙립의 발생은 감소하고 동할립의 발생은 증가하였다. 백미 완전미는 중화벼와 고운벼가 72.2%와 71.0%로 높았으나 싸라기 발생이 높았으며, 운광벼와 오대벼는 분상질의 발생이 많았다. 3. 운광벼와 오대벼는 백미 단백질 함량은 6.4%로 낮았으며, 식미관능검정의 총평이 각0.6 및 0.5로 밥맛이 양호하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

불연속 범주형 자료에 대한 잠재변수가 존재한다는 가정하에 임계값을 추정하고 잠재변수를 생성하며 생성된 잠재변수 및 기타 연속변량에 대한 관측치를 포함하는 다변량 임계개체모형을 설정하고 유전능력을 예측하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 각각의 범주형 조사 자료의 특성을 갖는 형질에 있어서 임계점의 추정은 추정 가능한 임계점에 대한 1차 미분값(gradient)과 2차 미분값(Hessian)을 이용한 Newton 방법을 이용하면 추정가능하며 지역모수인 육종가의 추정은 PCG 방법으로 구현 가능하다. 이러한 이론은 Quaas(2001)가 제시한 하나의 이산형 자료와 하나의 연속형 자료의 2변량 동시 분석방법을 확장하여 전개한 것이며 이때 잠재변수 및 임계점의 추정은 기타 형질의 잔차 회귀계수 및 상관을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구를 위한 모의실험은 2개의 연속변량으로 체중과 유량을 고려하였고 또 다른 2개의 불연속 변량인 분만난이도와 출생시 생존유무를 고려하여 4형질 동시 분석을 실시하였다. 임계모형에 의한 육종가 추정치의 정확도는 4개의 구간으로 분류되어 기록된 분만난이도의 경우에 91${\sim}$92%의 정확도를 보였고 이항분포인 분만시 생존유무에 대하여는 87~89%의 정확도를 보였다. 반면에 이들 범주형 자료를 선형으로 간주하고 분석한 선형 동물개체 혼합모형에서는 72${\sim}$84% 및 59${\sim}$70%으로 비교적 낮은 추정의 정확도를 보였다. 따라서 범주형 자료의 유전분석은 선형 혼합모형 보다 임계형 혼합모형이 크게 타당할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (Asian ginseng) has a large nuclear genome size of > 3.5 Gbp in haploid genome equivalent of 24 chromosomes. Tandem repeats (TRs) occupy significant portions of the genome in many plants and are often found in specific genomic loci, making them a valuable molecular cytogenetic tool in discriminating chromosomes. In an effort to understand the P. ginseng genome structure, we characterized an ultrahigh copy 167-bp TR (Pg167TR) and explored its chromosomal distribution as well as its utility for chromosome identification. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction amplicons of Pg167TR were labeled, along with 5S and 45S rDNA amplicons, using a direct nick-translation method. Direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the chromosomal distribution of Pg167TR. Results: Recently, we reported a method of karyotyping the 24 chromosome pairs of P. ginseng using rDNA and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) bands. Here, a unique distribution of Pg167TR in all 24 P. ginseng chromosomes was observed, allowing easy identification of individual homologous chromosomes. Additionally, direct labeling of 5S and 45S rDNA probes allowed the identification of two additional 5S rDNA loci not previously reported, enabling the refinement of the P. ginseng karyotype. Conclusion: Identification of individual P. ginseng chromosomes was achieved using Pg167TR-FISH. Chromosome identification is important in understanding the P. ginseng genome structure, and our method will be useful for future integration of genetic linkage maps and genome scaffold anchoring. Additionally, it is a good tool for comparative studies with related species in efforts to understand the evolution of P. ginseng.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

본 연구는 1994년 4월에서 8월까지의 기간 동안 지리산국립공원내 임걸령 지역과 노고단 지역에서 등산로가 개설되어 있는 지역과 개설되어 있지 않은 지역을 대상으로 등산로가 번식기 조류 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 등산로의 합리적인 관리방안을 모색하고가 실시하였다. 조사지역별 서식지 환경은 노고단 등산로 지역과 노고단 지역이 유사하였으며 임걸령 등산로 지역과 임걸령 지역이 각각 유사하였다. 4개 지역에서 조사를 실시 한 결과 총 25종의 조류가 관찰되었으며. 그 중 18종이 번식한 것으로 파악되었다. 번식기 조류 군집의 종 수 및 번식 쌍수와 길드구조에 있어서 산림 지역과 등산로 지역간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아, 등산로가 조류 군집에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았던 것으로 판단된다. 이는 등산로의 상층식생이 울폐되어 상층수관이 연결되어 있었으며, 등산로 주변에 하층식생이 발달해 있는 지역이므로 조류 군집에 큰 영향을 주지 않았던 것으로 보여진다. 그러므로 등산로의 개설 혹은 현재 등산로의 유지 및 관리를 위해서 등산로 주변의 수관 울페율을 높게 유지할 수 있도록 등산로 주변의 대경목 및 상층임관이 보호 및 관리되도록 해야 하고, 또한 주변의 식생, 특히 관목층 및 하층식생의 보호 및 유지가 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to assess the precision of the estimates of the time of estrous cycle, optimal breeding and ovulation derived by vaginal cytology. The thirteen Korea Jin-do dogs were examined the vaginal cytology, plasma estradiol-17$$\beta $ and progesterone assay during the estrous cycle. Day 0 was the day of the first male acceptance. The main change of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle was the high proportion of anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in estrus, parabasal cell, large intermediate cell and leukocytes in diestrus, and parabasal cell and small intermediate cell in anestrus, respectively. These data indicated that vaginal cytology was reliable method for estimating estrous cycle in Korea Jin-do dogs. In the cell indices during estrus the maximum eosinoghilic index was $92.0{\pm}$2.6 (Mean{\pm} SEM$)% at Day 2 and the maximum cornification indez was $96.0{\pm}1.3%$ at Day 2, respectively. The eosinothilic indez and cornification indez of up to 70% were found at Day -1 to Day 5 and Day -6 to Day 8, and up to 80% at Day 1 to Day 4 and Day -4 to Day 6, respectively. From these data it was presumed that eosinophilic index was more reliable index for monitoring optimal breeding time than cornification indexm because eosinophilic index peak period was shorter than cornification indeX peak period and Day 2 was the day of ovulation. Therefore, optimal breeding time was the eosinophilic index peak period, more than 80% of eosinoghilic index. The $estradiol-17{\beta}$ peak, with 3 days delayed when progesterone concentration was $4.5{\pm}0.5 ng/ml$. These data estimated that the ovulation time was the day of eosinophilic index peak, Day 2. breeding time and pvulation time in Korea Jin-do dogs.