• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions or genes controlling growth traits in pigs. Methods: Using a panel of 54,148 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we performed a genome-wide Association (GWA) study in 562 pure Yorshire pigs with four growth traits: average daily gain from 30 kg to 100 kg or 115 kg, and days to 100 kg or 115 kg. Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification method was used to identify the associations between 54,148 SNPs and these four traits. SNP annotations were performed through the Sus scrofa data set from Ensembl. Bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis and network analysis, was used to identify the candidate genes. Results: We detected 6 significant and 12 suggestive SNPs, and identified 9 candidate genes in close proximity to them (suppressor of glucose by autophagy [SOGA1], R-Spondin 2 [RSPO2], mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6 [MAP2K6], phospholipase C beta 1 [PLCB1], rho GTPASE activating protein 24 [ARHGAP24], cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 [CPEB4], GLI family zinc finger 2 [GLI2], neuronal tyrosine-phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor 2 [NYAP2], and zinc finger protein multitype 2 [ZFPM2]). Gene ontology analysis and literature mining indicated that the candidate genes are involved in bone, muscle, fat, and lung development. Pathway analysis revealed that PLCB1 and MAP2K6 participate in the gonadotropin signaling pathway and suggests that these two genes contribute to growth at the onset of puberty. Conclusion: Our results provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits, and may help improve these traits in future breeding programs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2021

Objective: According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions: lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods: A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results: The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat weight, subcutaneous fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage and abdominal fat shear force (p<0.01). LPDs were significantly higher than FPDs in breast muscle thickness, breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate and breast muscle shear force (p<0.01). The muscle fiber average area and fiber diameter of LPDs were significantly higher than those of FPDs (p<0.01). The muscle fiber density of LPDs was significantly lower than that of FPDs (p<0.01). The IMF of LPDs in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the FPDs (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 strains in IMP content (p>0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of LPDs was significantly higher than that of FPDs (p<0.01), and FPDs had higher saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term breeding work resulted in vast differences between the two strains Pekin ducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2014

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a model plant for genome research in Solanaceae, as well as for studying crop breeding. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a valuable resource in genetic research and breeding. However, to do discovery of genome-wide SNPs, most methods require expensive high-depth sequencing. Here, we describe a method for SNP calling using a modified version of SAMtools that improved its sensitivity. We analyzed 90 Gb of raw sequence data from next-generation sequencing of two resequencing and seven transcriptome data sets from several tomato accessions. Our study identified 4,812,432 non-redundant SNPs. Moreover, the workflow of SNP calling was improved by aligning the reference genome with its own raw data. Using this approach, 131,785 SNPs were discovered from transcriptome data of seven accessions. In addition, 4,680,647 SNPs were identified from the genome of S. pimpinellifolium, which are 60 times more than 71,637 of the PI212816 transcriptome. SNP distribution was compared between the whole genome and transcriptome of S. pimpinellifolium. Moreover, we surveyed the location of SNPs within genic and intergenic regions. Our results indicated that the sufficient genome-wide SNP markers and very sensitive SNP calling method allow for application of marker assisted breeding and genome-wide association studies.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.6-6
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• 2017

In recent decades, scientists have had great success identifying specific loci that contribute to the variability of agronomically important phenotypes. But, while loci of large-effect remain the simplest and most commonly identified in genomic studies, mounting evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of crop evolution is driven by loci of small effect. In this talk, results demonstrating that large-effect loci are not the primary driver of maize evolution will be presented, along with a new method to test quantitative traits for evidence of past selection. By applying this this method to a maize breeding population, we show that agronomic traits important for breeding are often dictated by loci of small effect. The implications of these results for driving crop improvement will be discussed, including their potential application to breeding protocols that anticipate global climate change.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1993

KB103 was developed from a cross between Burley 21 and Va 528 in 1983. It was developed by haploid method derived from anther culture method. It has moderate resistance to black shank(Phytophhorn nicotianae Breda de Haan Var. nictiana Waterhouse). KB103 produced good yields and quality in 1988-1990. It flowered about four or five days later than standard variety Burley 21, and plant height, leaf width, leaves per plants were similar to those of Burley 21. In maturing and curing properties as well as in chemical constituents of cured leaves, KB 103 was very similar to that of Burley 21. Regional farm test with the breeding line, KB 8304- ADH 65 named as KB 103 in 1986, was performed for 4 crop years from 1987 at 29 locations. It was released on burley tobacco area in 1992.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Number of duck and its breeding facilities have been steadily decreasing for financial and social issues in Korea. Therefore, the 'turning point' for duck industry is strongly demanded. In this study, the questionary survey was carried out to provide backgrounds for developing policy and technology for duck breeding farms. The questionary survey aimed to investigate the information of operation strategy of farm, ventilation, cooling and heating. The total number of survey respondents was 74. In case of facility type, 55.4% of respondents stated they used greenhouse type, 31.3% for winch-curtain type, and 2.7% for windowless type (mechanically ventilated facility). More than 85% of the facilities were using 'natural ventilation', it meant that these situation can restrict the not only environmental control but also the supply policy for 'smart farm' of the Government. 44.6% used the combination of the cross-ventilation method and roof-ventilation method for ventilation operation in summer season, and 31.1% followed only the cross-ventilation method. In case of winter season, 36.5% used the cross-ventilation method, and 33.3% used the combination of cross and roof-ventilation, method. For the ventilation strategy, about 86.5% depended on farmer's experience. In case of heating and cooling, 79.7% were using kerosene heater for winter season, and 43.2% were using mist-spray for summer season, respectively. More than 75% stated that cooling and heating strategies were based on farmer's experience. From the analyses of the survey results, a few proposals for developing policy and technology for duck breeding farm was suggested.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1995년도 제9회 식물생명공학 심포지움 식물육종과 분자생물학의 만남 The 9th Plant Biotechnology Symposium -Breeding and Molecular Biology-
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• pp.133-170
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• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the most widely cultured flatfish in Korea and Japan. During development, in a process known as metamorphosis, this fish reorients itself to lie on one side, the body flattens, and the eye migrates to the other side of the body. However, few studies have focused on molecule regulation mechanism of eye development in olive flounder. To reveal the molecular mechanism of eye development, we performed the studies on identification of genes expressed in the eye of olive flounder using EST and RT-PCR strategy. A total of 270 ESTs were sequenced, and 178 (65.9%) clones were identified as known genes and 92 (34.1%) as unknown genes. Among the 178 EST clones, 29 (16.3%) clones were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 131 (73.6%) clones representing 107 unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified a kind of eye development associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying eye development-related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further functional studies on these genes will provide more information on molecule regulation mechanism of eye development in olive flounder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1991

Collection, evaluation and preservation of tropical forage grasses, napier grass breeding, tissue culture of pangola grass and alfalfa selection were conducted in Taiwan. The results showed that some species such as pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) with good performance and wide adaptability were selected and released. Forage yield and quality of napier grass have been improved and have good results in animal performance. Embryogenic callus cultures from young inflorescences and stem segments of pangola grass could provide an alternative method for rapid propagation and improvement. Three better varieties of alfalfa were selected. They maintain satisfactory stands for two or three years on well-drained sand loam and loam soil, and used only as annual crop in flat area and acid soil. However, more studies in forage breeding for acid soil arc required to maximise the forage quality and animal production. Thus, animal fed with forages of high quality and a few grains supplement will be the future achivement in livestock industry.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1998

Mainly due to limited genetic resources available and also urgent need for hybrids suitable to local conditions, conventional theories and regular methods for bivoltine silkworm breeding are not easily applicable in such a tropical country as Sri Lanka which is recently planning to scale-up the silk industry. A simplified but practical methodology was introduced to overcome such constraints. Through application of such modified informal breeding methods, two hybrids named DP0308 and DP0314 were selected for cocoon production. Details of the altered method of germplasm improvement in the silkworm are presented, along with combining ability and heritability estimates for six parental pure lines in a half-diallel cross.