• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an environmental enrichment program on barrier, benefit, confidence, and compliance of breast self-examination in women at 3 months after instruction. Methods: Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 62 healthy women. Data were collected through the self-reported questionnaires from December 2008 to March 2009. Women were assigned to one of two treatment groups: (a) no-support of environmental enrichment with the instruction control group; (b) the support of environmental enrichment with the instruction experimental group. All women received the same instruction on breast self-examination once a week for two weeks. Data were analyzed with paired t-test, McNemar test and ANCOVAs of controlling for age run using SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The experimental group was significantly lower than control group on perceived barrier (F=5.91, p=.02) and higher than control group on compliance of breast self-examination (F=4.57, p=.04) after environmental enrichment program. However the environmental enrichment program did not make significant differences on benefit (F=0.01, p=.91) and confidence (F=0.77, p=.38). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the environmental enrichment should be needed to support women's breast self-examination and expanded for compliance of breast self-examination to promote the secondary prevention of women breast cancer.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2001

유방자가검진 실천율 및 관련 요인을 규명하여 유방자가검진 실천율을 증가시키기 위하여 고령군 11개 동에 30세 이상 여성 568명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 유방자가검진 실천율은 28.2%이었으며 한 달에 1번 이상 실천하는 사람은 9.7%로 나타났다. 유방자가검진 실천율은 연령, 배우자 유무, 교육 수준, 직업, 경제상태, 흡연, 규칙적인 운동, 만성 질환에서 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 연령별로는 40-49세가 가장 높았고 60세이상이 가장 낮았으며, 배우자가 있을수록, 교육수준이 높을수록 높았다. 직업은 사무 관리직에서 57.1%로 가장 높았으며, 경제상태가 높을수록, 흡연을 하지 않는 경우, 규칙적 운동을 하는 경우, 만성질환에 이환되어 있지 않는 경우, 유방암 가족력이 있는 경우에서 유방자가검진 실천율이 높게 나타났다. 유방자가검진 실천 동기는 건강상의 이유로 스스로 결정한다가 가장 많았으며, 대중매체의 영향, 보건소 홍보 순으로 나타났다. 유방자가검진 미실천 이유에서는 필요성을 못 느껴서가 가장 많았으며, 어떻게 하는지 몰라서, 검사자체를 몰라서 순으로 나타났다. 유방자가검진 여부를 종속변수로 한 다중로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 60세 이상 연령, 교육 수준이 낮을수록, 유방조영술을 시행하지 않는 경우가 유방자가검진 실천율이 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 연령이 높고 교육수준이 낮은 농촌 지역의 유방자가검진 실천율과 주기적 검진 실천율은 각각 28.2%와 9.7%로 매우 낮았다. 따라서 보건소를 통한 바람직한 유방자가검진 방법의 홍보 및 보건교육의 강화가 시급하다. 대중매체의 발달로 대중매체를 활용한 홍보 및 보건교육을 실시함으로써 효과를 높일 수 있으며 유방자가검진 교실을 활성화하는 동시에 교육시 대상자가 실제로 실습을 할 수 있도록 함으로써 효과를 높일 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 노력들을 통해서 유방자가검진 실천율을 향상시킨다면 농촌지역 여성들의 건강증진 및 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6697-6704
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• 2015

Background: The burden of breast and cervical cancer is changing over time in developing countries. Regular screening is very important for early detection and treatment. In this study, we assessed inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening rates in women according to household wealth status, and analyzed the potential predictors associated with a low cancer screening rate in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A nationwide populationbased cross-sectional survey collected information on different variables at the national level. All ever-married women (the phrase is used throughout the text to refer to women who had ever married) aged 15-49 years were included in the survey. Analysis of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at least once in the previous year was carried out in 11,068 women, while lifetime Pap-smear testing was carried out in 8,333 women, aged 20-49 years. Results: Over 39% and 19% of ever-married Jordanian women reported having undergone a breast examination during the previous year and Pap smear examination at least once in their lifetime, respectively. The rate of BSE in the previous year was 31.5%, that of CBE in the previous year was 19.3%, and that of Pap smear examination at least once in life was 25.5%. The adjusted OR was higher for performing BSE (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43), undergoing CBE (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.60) and undergoing Pap smear examination (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.92-2.93) among women in the highest wealth-index quintile as compared to those in the lowest quintile. The concentration index was 0.11 for BSE, 0.01 for CBE, and 0.27 for Pap smear examination. Women in their twenties, living in rural or the southern region of Jordan, with an elementary school education or less, who listened to the radio or read the newspaper not more than a few times a year, and nulliparous women were less likely to undergo breast and cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: The rates of breast and cervical cancer screening are low in Jordan. Reducing the sociodemographic and economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screenings requires concerted outreach activities for women living under socially deprived conditions.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to identify the validity of breast cancer symptom questionnaire of worker's special health examination and its relationship with breast ultrasonography findings in young female night workers. Methods: The breast cancer symptom questionnaire data of worker's special health examination and breast ultrasonography results in young female shift workers who worked in one electronic manufacture company were collected from 2014 to 2018. Results: Of the 857 workers, 18 had a Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System category 4 or higher. Among other variables, shift work tenure alone was associated with the risk of having a Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System category higher than 4. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the symptom questionnaire were 16.7%, 87.7%, 2.8%, and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The current breast cancer symptom questionnaire of the worker's special health examination is inappropriate due to its low sensitivity and positive predictive value. In the future, female night workers will need alternative measures for more accurate screening for breast cancer.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 문제 기반 학습(PBL) 및 실습을 융합하여 유방 자가 검진 교육 후 여성수도자들의 경험을 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 연구방법을 이용하여 면담, 확인하고 유방 자가 검진 교육을 문제 기반 학습과 실습을 융합하여 새로운 발전적 방향을 모색하고자 하는데 있다. 여성수도자들은 주 1회, 2시간, 4주간 문제 기반 학습 유방 자가 검진 교육을 받고 3개월 간 유방 자가 검진 실천율을 확인하는 프로그램에 참여한 후 '유방암에 대한 인식', '유방 자가 검진 교육에 대한 인식', '유방 자가 검진 교육 경험', '유방 자가 검진을 위한 문제 기반 학습 및 실습 융합 교육경험'과 '교육 후 변화'의 범주가 도출되었다. 대상자들은 교육 후 지식이 증가하고 새로운 실기능력을 습득한 것에 대체적으로 만족하였으나 규칙적으로 수행하지 못하는 개인적, 환경적 요인을 타나냈다. 또한 교육 전 일관되지 않은 인식과 막연하게 안심하고 있던 태도에서 교육 후 오히려 불안감이 증가되어 관심을 더 가지게 되었음을 나타내 유방암과 유방 자가 검진에 대한 동기가 증가된 것으로 판단되어 긍정적 효과로 파악되었다. 추후 수도자의 요구에 맞는 융합적 유방 자가 검진 교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6531-6534
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• 2014

Background: In Iran, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and a major public health problem. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) practices of 384 females living in the city of Hamadan, Iran. A purposive sampling method was adopted and data were collected via face-to-face interviews based on a validated questionnaire developed for this study. Results: Among respondents 268 (69.8%) were married and 144 (37.5%) of the respondents reported having a family history of breast cancer. One hundred respondents (26.0%) claimed they practiced BSE. Level of breast cancer knowledge was significantly associated with BSE practice (p=0.000). There was no association with demographic details (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that Iranian women's knowledge regarding breast cancer and the practice of BSE is inadequate. Targeted education should be implemented to improve early detection of breast cancer.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing breast cancer self-examination, a preventive health behavior, thereby increasing self-examination compliance for early detection of the disease. The data on which this study was based were collected from a survey of 601 ladies, aged 20∼59 years and residing in Seoul, employing such mehtods as X²-test, ANOVA, t-test, F-test, Person's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The resulting conclusions are as follows; 1. Discrepancies in self-examination compliance rate are found in accordance with the differences of general characters of the surveyed persons. For instance, those who are well educated and better off are better compliers than those who are not (p<0.001), and those around whom breast cancer patients are better ones than who are not (p<0.01). 2. Self-examination compliers have higher health belief than non-compliers. Compliers have more knowledge in health and have higher susceptibility, barriers and health concern (p<0.001), and higher benefits (p<0.01), and higher seriousness (p<0.05) than non-compliers. 3. Whereas those who have loftier health belief show higher compliance rate (p<0.001), seriousness turned out to have no correlationship with self-examination compliance. 4. Stepwise Multiple Regression portray that following factors influence self-examination compliance in arder named. (1) barriers (2) susceptibility, (3) health concern, (4) age, (5) benefits, (6) education level. Even so, it turned out that these factors alone can explain only 20％ of self-examination compliance. Therefore study for the other factors ought to be continued. I submit following suggestions ending this study. 1. Since breast cancer self-examination is an essential health behavior needed for early detection of the disease, efficient and proper health education program eyed for regular and periodic self-examination is required to be developed, thus reducing the deaths and pains caused by the disease. 2. Proper policies of the government for the prevention of breast cancer is strongly urged to be formed in concrete manner. 3. Continuous study of the other factors affecting self-examination compliance must be carried on.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7485-7489
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. However, in comparison with Western women, it presents relatively early in women of Asian ethnicity. Early menarche, late menopause, use of OCP's, family history of benign or malignant breast disease, exposure to radiation and BMI in the under-weight range are well known risk factors for the development of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Early detection with the use of breast self-examination (BSE) and breast cancer screening programs can lead to a reduction in the mortality rates due to breast cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the risk factors for breast cancer among young women and to emphasize the importance of early screening among them. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among women aged 18 to 25 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected over a period of 6 months from June to December, 2014. A total of 300 young women selected randomly from Dow Medical College and various departments of Karachi University successfully completed the survey. Results: Respondents were 18-25 years of age (mean age=21.5). Out of the 300 young females, 90 (30%) had at least one risk factor, 90 (30%) had two, 40 (13%) had three, 8 (2.7%) had four, 2 (0.7%) had five while one female was found to have six positive risk factors for breast cancer. Some 66 women (22%) experienced symptoms of breast cancer such as non-cyclical pain and lumps. While 222 women (74%) had never performed breast self-examination, 22 (7.3%) had had a breast examination done by a health professional while 32 (10.7%) had participated in breast screening programs. A total of 223 (74.3%) women considered breast cancer screening important for young women. Conclusions: The percentage of young women with risk factors for breast cancer was found to be alarmingly high. Therefore, screening for breast cancer should start at an early age especially in high risk groups. Awareness about breast self-examination should be emphasized. Moreover, screening programs should be started to ensure early detection and reduction of mortality rates caused by breast cancer also in young Pakistani females.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the relationship among knowledge, self-efficacy and compliance behavior on breast self examination(BSE) of female college students'. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 499 female college student. Surveyed data collected from May to August 2008 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score of knowledge and self-efficacy concerning BSE was low, and compliance was high. The levels of knowledge, self-efficacy and compliance were differed significantly by experience of thinking about breast cancer, perceived susceptibility of breast cancer, experience of meeting with breast cancer patient, and educational experience of BSE. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and compliance, knowledge and compliance, knowledge and self-efficacy. Knowledge and self-efficacy were a powerful predictor of compliance. Conclusion: Focus on perceived knowledge, self-efficacy about breast self examination(BSE) of female college students may be beneficial to improve compliance, and should be reflected in the development of effective BSE education program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6159-6161
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• 2012

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was aimed to evaluate women breast self-examination (BSE) practice and effects of a planned educational programme for breast cancer and BSE. The samples of the study consisted 266 women. The study data were collected by a questionnaire in six months periods as two times in a month in which the periods were defined and announced to all women. After that all the women were informed about BSE. The statue of performing BSE of women (n=146) was evaluated. They were interviewed on phone after 6 months. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical SPSS program. The average age of women was $35.68{\pm}7.54$. It is also determined that (61.3%) had no knowledge about BSE, (87.6%) had examined clinical breast examination (CBE) in a year and half of them (50.8%) never practiced BSE, (29.0%) had BSE regularly every month. Concerning the status of BSE practice before the education and after the education significant difference is found statistically (p<0.00). The significance of this study is that it is to give education about breast cancer and BSE for raising awareness among women.