• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.1532-1539
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• 2019

This paper analyzes a new method for reducing boiling water reactor fuel temperature during a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The method uses a device called Reverse Flow Restriction Device (RFRD) at the inlet of fuel bundles in the core to prevent coolant loss from the bundle inlet due to the reverse flow after a large break in the recirculation loop. The device allows for flow in the forward direction which occurs during normal operation, while after the break, the RFRD device changes its status to prevent reverse flow. In this paper, a detailed simulation of LOCA has been carried out using the U.S. NRC's TRACE code to investigate the effect of RFRD on the flow rate as well as peak clad temperature of BWR fuel bundles during three different LOCA scenarios: small break LOCA (25% LOCA), large break LOCA (100% LOCA), and double-ended guillotine break (200% LOCA). The results demonstrated that the device could substantially block flow reversal in fuel bundles during LOCA, allowing for coolant to remain in the core during the coolant blowdown phase. The device can retain additional cooling water after activating the emergency systems, which maintains the peak clad temperature at lower levels. Moreover, the RFRD achieved the reflood phase (when the saturation temperature of the clad is restored) earlier than without the RFRD.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2018

Since income growth rate and poverty level are related, there is a possibility that the poverty rate may converge in the long run steady state as well. If the poverty rate converges, then for this study the state that begins with the high poverty rate would have a higher poverty reduction rate. To examine the convergence of poverty rate among the US states, this study uses two times series methodologies. First, in order to prevent the power loss from ignoring the structural break when testing for a unit root in a single time series, this study employs the newly developed panel LM unit root tests with level and trend shifts. The results of unit root tests of the log of poverty rate without allowing for structural breaks show that twenty six states reject the null hypothesis of unit root test for the ADF test, twenty five states for the LM test, and thirty five states for the RALS-LM test. The result of unit root tests that allow one structural break shows that the null hypothesis of a unit root test is rejected for twenty two states with the LM test, and thirty three states with the RALS-LM test. This supports poverty rates are converging among US states.

• 지질공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2014

댐붕괴로 인하여 빚어지는 홍수위험지도 작성에서 물리적 현상을 재현해내기 위하여 수치모형이 사용되는 것이 일반적이다. 이때 모형의 정확도는 저수지의 수량과 댐붕괴 형성 및 진행을 포함한 모형의 물리적 구조, 입력인자 및 매개변수의 신뢰도에 의하여 결정되기 마련이다. 특히 입력인자 및 매개변수는 모형을 이용하기 이전에 미리 결정하여 입력하게 되며 사용자의 판단과 주관에 의지하므로 주의가 요구된다. 이 연구에서는 댐붕괴 모형을 FLO-2D와 연동하여 홍수 침수모의를 실시할 때에 댐붕괴 모형에서 세 개의 매개변수(붕괴각도 ${\theta}$, 저수지 형상계수 P, 붕괴율 k가 FLO-2D의 침수모의(침수범위, 침수깊이 등)에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가를 살펴보았다. 붕괴각도 ${\theta}$는 FLO-2D의 침수모의에 있어 낮은 영향을 미치나 저수지 형상계수 P와 붕괴율 k는 중대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 향후 댐붕괴에 의한 홍수 위험의 피해를 저감하는데 기여할 것이다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2012

Lyman break Galaxies are galaxies selected in the rest-frame ultraviolet. But, one important and missing information for these Lyman break galaxies is the amount of dust attenuation. This is crucial to estimate the total star formation rate of this class of objects and, ultimately, the cosmic star formation density. AKARI, Spitzer and Herschel are therefore the major facilities that could provide us with this information. As part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey, we have began investigating the rest-frame far-infrared properties of a sample of more than 4,800 Lyman Break Galaxies in the GOODS-North fiels. Most LBGs are not detected individually, but we do detect a sub-sample of 12 objects at 0.7 < z <1.6 and one object at z = 2.0. The ones detected by Herschel SPIRE have redder observed NUV-U and U-R colors than the others, while the undetected ones have colors consistent with average LBGs at z > 2.5. We have analysed their UV-to-FIR spectral energy distributions using the code cigale to estimate their physical parameters. We find that LBGs detected by SPIRE are high mass, luminous infrared galaxies. They also appear to be located in a triangle-shaped region in the $A_{FUV}$ vs. $logL_{FUV}$ diagram limited by $A_{FUV}$ = 0 at the bottom and by a diagonal following the temporal evolution of the most massive galaxies from the bottom-right to the top-left of the diagram. In a second step, we move to the larger COSMOS field where we have been able to detect 80 Lyman break galaxies (out of ~ 15,600) in the far infrared. They form the largest sample of Lyman break galaxies at z > 2.5 detected in the far-infrared. We tentatively name them Submillimeter Lyman break galaxies (S-LBGs).

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 상수관로의 파손자료를 이용하여 관로의 위험률을 산정하기 위해 사용되는 비례위험모형의 관로의 순차적 파손시간 예측정확도를 분석하고 이를 이용하여 관로의 경제적 교체 시간구간을 산정할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하였다. 비례위험모형에 기초한 생존함수를 이용하여 연구대상 관로들의 순차적 파손시간을 예측하고 이들을 기록된 파손시간과의 차이를 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 비례위험모형의 파손시간 예측 오차를 최소화하는 생존확률은 0.70인 것으로 결정되었으며, 세 번째 파손으로부터 일곱 번째 파손에 대한 모형만이 관로의 파손시간을 예측하는데 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 생존확률 0.70과 순차적 파손사건에 대한 생존함수의 하한 및 상한을 이용하여 예제로 사용된 관로에 대해 예측된 파손시간의 95% 신뢰구간의 하한 및 상한을 추정하였다. 예측된 파손시간의 95% 신뢰 구간의 하한과 상한을 이용하여 관로 파손 경향모형인 General Pipe Break Prediction Models(GPBM)을 구축하고 이들을 관로의 한계파괴율과 결합하여 시간에 대한 해를 구하므로써 경제적 교체 시간구간을 산정하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2001

This paper discusses two important issues of corpus-based synthesis: synthesis unit generation based on phrase break strength information and pruning redundant synthesis unit instances. First, the new sentence set for recording was designed to make an efficient synthesis database, reflecting the characteristics of the Korean language. To obtain prosodic context sensitive units, we graded major prosodic phrases into 5 distinctive levels according to pause length and then discriminated intra-word triphones using the levels. Using the synthesis unit with phrase break strength information, synthetic speech was generated and evaluated subjectively. Second, a new pruning method based on weighted vector quantization (WVQ) was proposed to eliminate redundant synthesis unit instances from the synthesis database. WVQ takes the relative importance of each instance into account when clustering similar instances using vector quantization (VQ) technique. The proposed method was compared with two conventional pruning methods through objective and subjective evaluations of synthetic speech quality: one to simply limit the maximum number of instances, and the other based on normal VQ-based clustering. For the same reduction rate of instance number, the proposed method showed the best performance. The synthetic speech with reduction rate 45% had almost no perceptible degradation as compared to the synthetic speech without instance reduction.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1982

현재(現在) 수입공급(輸入供給)되고있는 농용(農用)트랙터의 고장수리실태(故障修理實態)를 조사분석(調査分析)하여 트랙터의 국산화(國産化) 및 이용합리화(利用合理化)를 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)을 목적(目的)으로 1980년(年) 1년간(年間) 8개도(個道) 32개군(個那)에서 기장조사(記帳調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 가. 대형(大型)트랙터의 연평균고장빈도(年平均故障頻度)는 5.0회(回)/대(臺)이고, 소형(小型)은 2.3회(回)/대(臺)로 대형(大型)이 소형(小型)보다 2배이상(倍以上) 고장(故障)이 많았으며, 이용시간당빈도(利用時間當頻度)는 대형(大型)트랙터가 1. 11회(回)/100hr, 소형(小型)은 0.65회(回)/100hr이었다. 나. 전체고장중(全體故障中), 75.6%는 본체(本體)에서 발생(發生)되었으며 24.4%는 작업기(作業機)에서 발생(發生)되었고, 특(特)히 소형(小型)트랙터 작업기고장중(作業機故障中) 쟁기와 로타베이터 고장(故障)이 80%이상(以上)을 차지하였다. 다. 대형(大型)트랙터의 75%, 소형(小型)의 62%가 연(年) 1회이상(回以上)의 고장(故障)이 있었으며, 10회이상(回以上) 발생(發生)된 경우(境遇)도 9%나 되었다. 라. 월별고장발생분포(月別故障發生分布)는 트랙터이용시간(利用時間)과 비례(比例)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내어 5월(月)에 가장 고장(故障)이 많았다. 마. 운전자(運轉者)의 연령(年齡)이 많거나 학력수준(學歷水準)이 높을 수록 고장빈도(故障頻度)도 높아서 50대(代) 연령(年齡)에 대졸자(大卒者)가 고장(故障)이 가장 많았다. 바. 고장원인(故障原因)은 운전자과실(運轉者過失)이 29.8%, 부품노후(部品老朽)가 30.2%, 품질불량(品質不量)이 20.6%로 나타났다. 사. 연평균수리회수(年平均修理回數)는 5.5회(回)/대(臺)였고 이중 공장수리(工場修理)가 55.6%였으며 자가수리(自家修理)는 44.4%였다. 아. 대당연간수리시간(憂當年間修理時間)은 대형(大型)트랙터가 30.6시간(時間)이었고, 소형(小型)이 19.9시간(時間)이었으며 수리(修理) 1회당소요시간(回當所要時間)은 평균(平均) 3.62시간(時間)으로 나다났다. 자. 대당연간수리비용(臺當年間修理費用)은 대형(大型)이 278천(千)원, 소형(小型)이 70천(千)원 이었고, 이용시간당수리비용(利用時間當修理費用)는 대형(大型)이 621원, 소형(小型)이 198원이었다. 차. 트랙터 본체(本體)의 수리비계수(修理費係數)(Y)는 사용연수(使用年數)(x)'에 대하여 Y=0.752x의 상관(相關)을 가졌으며 총수리비계수(總修理費係數)는 내구년수(耐久年數)가 10년(年)일때 64%가 되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

This paper deals with the economic analysis of domestic fuel cell vehicles considering subsidy and hydrogen price in 2015 and 2025. We selected TFCV (Tucson fuel cell vehicle) and TDV (Tucson diesel vehicle) to identify the economic feasibility of fuel cell vehicles compared with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. We made some sensitivity analysis by changing input factors such as the size of the subsidy, the hydrogen price and the discount rate. Also, we made a break-even point analysis on hydrogen prices that equalize the economic feasibility of TFCV and TDV in 2025. As a result, TFCV is not economical in 2015 due to the relatively high prices of hydrogen and vehicles. If the sale prices of TFCV are 30,000,000 won and 35,000,000 won in 2025, then the break-even points of hydrogen prices are equal to 7,483 won/kg and 5,043 won/kg.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2008

The thermal stress have an effect on the frictional factor such as applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance and number of ventilated disk hole. However, it is difficult to know the mutual relation of these factors on thermal stress of motorcycle break disk. For this, temperature of motorcycle break disk is measured using a disk-on-pad type friction tester with full factorial design containing above 4 elements. and the thermal stress analysis of it was carried out using with ANSYS workbench. From this study, the result was shown that the regression equation which have a trust rate of 95% for thermal stress presumption of motorcycle break disk with frictional factor was composed. It is possible to apply for another automobile parts.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

A Numerical modeling approach is usually applied to reproduce the physical phenomena of a fill dam-break. The accuracy of the dam-break model depends on the physical structure that defines input variables such as the storage volume, breach formation and progress, and the parameters of the model, which are subjective as they are prescribed by users. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was performed for the nonlinear breach progression curve that was already developed, which includes four parameters. The study focuses on the two of the parameters which control the breach forming time and peak discharge. The model is coupled with a two-dimensional flood simulation model (FLO-2D) to examine flood coverage and depth. It is generally observed that the parameter ${\beta}$ controls only the breach forming time, the parameter ${\gamma}$ is particularly sensitive to the peak flow.