• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi homogenate product(KHP) on dough characteristics and quality of bread. Breads were prepared by the addition of 0, 7, 14 and 21％ of KHP to the basic formulation. The pH of dough with KHP were ranged from 5.19 to 5.30 and pH of the control was 5.58. Loaf volume index of the bread prepared by adding 7∼21％ KHP increased by 5.4∼17.2％. Color L value of the bread crust and crumb with KHP decreased, color a value of the bread crumb with KHP increased, and b value of the crumb with KHP decreased. The hardness decreased with the addition of KHP, but the cohesiveness and springiness increased with the addition of KHP. Sensory quality of the Kimchi hamburger bread estimated by shape, flavor and overall quality was better than that of the control bread. Especially, the Kimchi hamburger bread quality with addition of 14％ KHP was the best.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2009

For the utilization of seaweed (Capsosiphon fulvecense, algae) powder as an ingredient of bread, the quality of bread made with different concentration of seaweed powder was evaluated with physical and sensory properties. The powdered algae was shown to have crude protein content at 25.38%. The major minerals were identified with calcium with 8.38 g/kg, potassium with 9.5 g/kg, and magnesium with 5.6 g/kg, which comprised to 19.08% of total mineral content. Amount of essential amino acids content was estimated to be 835 mg/100 g. Content of essential fatty acid was found to be 27,25% of total fatty acids. For the preparation of bread added with seaweed powder, the addition ratio of seaweed was set at 3, 5 and 7% versus wheat flour with same ratio of other ingredients. L value, lightness of bread, was proportionally reduced with increse of seaweed powder. However, b value, yellowness, was increased with the addition of the seaweed powder. Adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness of the bread were reduced with the addition of the seaweed powder, however, hardness of the bread was vice versa. Texture, flavor, color, and overall acceptance of the bread added seaweed powder were shown up significant differences among all tested groups (P < 0.001), that is, more seaweed powder showed less favorable texture, flavor, color, and overall acceptance. Although the bread added with seaweed powder showed a less preference compared to control group, the bread with 3% of seaweed powder was favorable to other test groups, which might have a potential for the commercialization of functional breads using seaweeds.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different active gluten and rice Nuruk(Asp. oryzae, Asp. kawachii rice Nuruk) levels on the quality properties of steamed rice breads. Enzyme(amylase and acidic protease) activity of Asp. oryzae rice Nuruk is higher than Asp. kawachii rice Nuruk. Among the loaf volume of active gluten that were tested (10, 13, 15 and 17%) an active gluten loaf volume of 15% produced the best steamed rice bread. As a result of the loaf volume test steamed rice bread with rice Nuruk was decreased than steamed wheat bread. Regarding color, all treatments produced significant differences. The L value was decreased in steamed rice bread more than in steamed wheat bread, and a and b values were increased, respectively. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of SRB-2, 3, 4 were lower than SWB-1 but springiness were higher. According to the sensory evaluation of steamed rice bread, color, flavor, and uniformity of pores were the highest in the steamed wheat bread, and the chewiness and texture were good in the steamed rice bread containing added active gluten and rice Nuruk. In this study, addition of rice Nuruk in steamed rice bread did not increase loaf volume, but had an advantage for overall desirability.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.903-908
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• 2010

Yeast-leavened rice bread with added vital wheat gluten was formulated by substituting normal rice flour with 0~30% black rice flour, and the effects of black rice flour substitution on rice bread quality were investigated. Black rice flour contained more protein, lipid, and ash contents than normal rice flour. Increasing levels of black rice flour substitution decreased the specific loaf volume of rice bread. Black rice flour decreased lightness and yellowness, and imparted a reddish color in the bread crumbs. Only a slight difference in crumb firmness was observed between control rice bread (100% normal rice flour) and rice bread containing up to 20% black rice flour. However, crumb firmness of rice bread containing 30% black rice flour was considerably higher than that of the control rice bread and increased rapidly at 2~3 days during a 3-day storage period at $25^{\circ}C$. Antioxidant activity of rice breads was estimated by determining electron-donating ability (EDA) to DPPH radical. The electron-donating ability slightly increased with increasing levels of black rice flour in rice bread.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1310-1318
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate characteristics of bread and rheology of flour dough containing fructooligosaccharide. In the farinogram test, addition of fructooligosaccharide changed stability and development time. Stability and development time increased as the amount of fructooligosaccharide increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of fructooligosaccharide content, whereas degree of resistance increased. The volume of the loaf bread containing 10% fructooligosaccharide was the largest, and the bread containing 15% fructooligosaccharide revealed the best taste, flavor, and texture scores. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% of sucrose were less than that of 20% of fructooligosaccharide. Dough with 20% of sucrose revealed lowest dough raising power compared to other doughs. Overall, preference scores by sensory evaluation of bread containing fructooligosaccharide were higher than that of bread with sucrose. Therefore, excellent quality of bread may be achieved by adding fructooligosaccharide instead of sucrose to the process.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1319-1331
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• 2017

The quality properties of bread with Lentinula edodes powder were investigated to find the most adequate ratio of the Lentinula edodes powder. The protein and crude fat were increased in proportion to the added quantity of Lentinula edodes powder. The amount of ash was found the most in the bread with 1% Lentinula edodes powder. It was confirmed that the volume of bread with Lentinula edodes powder decreased as the amount of the Lentinula edodes powder increased. The brightness was the highest in the control and was inversely proportional to the added amount of Lentinula edodes powder. The yellowness and redness of the dough were proportional to the added amount of Lentinula edodes powder. Total amino acids and free amino acids were found. The dough with 3% Lentinula edodes powder contained the highest amounts of both, followed by 2%, and 1%. When evaluating the length of storage, the bread's springiness and cohesiveness decreased. Regarding the taste, preference was given to the bread with 2% Lentinula edodes powder, which had the lowest value of bad odors and odd texture in the sensory test.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2004

Bread were prepared by adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of rubi fructus(Rubus coreanus Miquel) juice to wheat flour, and the effects of added rubi fructus Juice on dough rheology and bread qualities were examined. The peak and final viscosities in rapid visco analyzer increased with the increase in addition of rubi fructus juice. The water absorption and mechanical tolerance index(MTI) increased, but dough development time and dough stability decreased in farinograph with the increase in addition of rubi fructus juice. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of bread increased significantly with the increase in addition of tubi fructus juice. From the result of sensory evaluation, bread containing 20% rubi fructus juice were rated as higher quality bread than the others.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of bread made with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of Bigeumdo Seomcho powder (Spinacia oleracea L.). The pH of dough and bread decreased as the amount of addition increased; 7% indicated the lowest. The moisture level correlated negatively with the powder addition, but the difference was not statistically meaningful (p<0.05). As the amount of addition was increased, the intensity of color increased but the volume decreased. The brightness and redness of the bread decreased as the amount of addition increased. The volume, specific volume, and baking loss rate correlated negatively with the powder addition. Regarding springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, the experiment group was higher than the control group and they lowered as the addition amount increased. The brittleness showed positive correlation with the addition amount. Out of the amino acids of bread, glutamic acid showed the highest value as the amount of addition was increased. Overall, it is possible to produce bakery bread using functional ingredients.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.681-691
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing chlorella powder(0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). In the farinograph test, the addition of chlorella powder changed water absorption, development time and mixing tolerance index for making bread. As the amount of chlorella powder increased, the water absorption increased, mixing tolerance index and the development time decreased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension and resistance was decreased with increasing of chlorella powder content. In the amylograph test, the maximum viscosity was slightly decreased with increasing of chlorella powder contents. The colors of L value in bread crumb was significantly decreased as the chlorella powder addition. After fermentation treatment, The dough with 2.5% chlorella powder showed the lowest dough raising power compared to the other doughs. The addition of the chlorella powder had significant effect on bread texture. The bread consisting of 0.5% chlorella powder showed the highest volume of loaf and specific volume. Therefore, high quality of bread can be achieved by adding chlorella powder.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2008

This study investigated the quality characteristics of breads manufactured with xylito1. Four different concentrations(0, 5, 7, and 10%) of xylitol were added to the bread-making flour. Volume, color, the visco-elastic properties of the dough, and bread texture were analyzed. The dough volumes of the xylitol treatments during fermentation, as well as the final volumes of the xylitol breads were lower than those of the control dough and bread. Onset temperature slightly increased with the xylitol concentration, but entalphy changed minimally. Finally, the hardness of the bread positively increased with the xylitol concentration.