• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1431-1440
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• 2012

Whole fruit 영실로부터 페놀성 물질의 추출은 70% 에탄올을 용매로 하여 추출하였을 때가 최적이었다. 영실로부터 제조한 70% 에탄올 추출물의 Helicobacter pylori에 대한 항균활성은 $200{\mu}g/mL$의 phenolic compoun d 함량에서 13 mm의 저해환을 나타내었다. 영실 추출물을 첨가한 식빵의 품질 특성을 알아본 결과 영실 추출물을 첨가한 반죽은 밀가루 수화와 반죽 형성, 시각적인 반죽 내부평가에서 품질 열화는 관찰되지 않았다. 영실 추출물을 첨가한 반죽으로 구운식빵 제품의 특성을 알아본 결과 대조구에 비하여 수분 함량이 높아 촉촉한 조직감을 주었으며, 불규칙한 기공이 많았으나 대조구에 비해 유의적인 차이는 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.924-929
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• 2004

감자의 기능성을 이용한 식빵의 부재료로서 새로운 기능성을 활용하기 위하여 감자즙을 물양에 대하여 20, 50% 및 100%로 첨가하여 제조한 감자식빵의 비용적 및 굽기손실율, 일반성분, 색도, 텍스쳐, 관능검사에 의한 기호도에 관한 결과는 다음과 같다. 감자식빵의 무게는 반죽물 양에 대한 감자즙이 50, 100% 첨가구가 증가하였으며, 부피와 비용적은 감자즙 20% 첨가군이 가장 높았다. 굽기손실율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며 감자즙의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 수분 함량은 대조구보다 감자즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분함량이 많아 감자식빵이 더 촉촉해짐을 알 수 있었다. 조단백질 함량은 감자즙 첨가량이 많아질수록 높아지고, 조지방의 함량은 감자즙의 양이 많아질수록 낮았다. 감자즙이 증가할수록 명도 L값이 감소하여 식빵의 색이 다소 어두워졌으며(p<0.001), 적색도 a값은 감자즙이 증가할수록 대조구보다 진한 적색을 띠었다(P<0.001). 빵의 텍스쳐 특성에서 탄력성, 깨짐성 및 응집성은 대조구보다 감자즙 첨가군이 높은 경향을 보였다. 감자즙을 첨가한 식빵 중에 함유된 glycoalkaloid는 물에 대한 감자즙의 50%와 100% 첨가군의 함량이 2.85, 5.79 mg%이었다. 색(p<0.001), 향미, 맛(p<0.05)에서는 감자즙이 물 양에 대해 20%일 때가 기호도가 높았으며, 외관(p<0.01) 질감(p<0.01)은 대조군이 가장 높았다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

In this study, a nanatural fermentation starter formulation was developed for manufacturing bread products by substituting baker's yeast with naturally fermented raisin extract and sourdough. Four experimental groups containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10% naturally fermented raisin extract per 2,000 g of flour were compared based on quality characteristics, including the fermentation power on dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, water activity, color, textural characteristics, and internal surface appearance. The activities of the naturally fermented raisin extract were examined in terms of pH changes, total titratable acidity, brix, and viable yeast counts. The raisin extract, which was cultured for 7 days at 30$^{\circ}C$, smelled of alcohol and produced $CO_2$. Yeast were also found in the extract after separation. As the incubation time of the raisin extract and sourdough increased, pH decreased, while total titratable acidity increased. The brix of the raisin extract increased until the $2^{nd}$ day of fermentation, and viable yeast counts increased until the $5^{th}$ day however, these gradually decreased by the $7^{th}$ day. The fermenting power on dough expansion increased in the bread with increasing incubation time. The bread samples containing 7.5% and 10% raisin extract had significantly higher specific volumes than the other samples. Baking loss was minimal with the 2.5% extract substitution. In analyzing the crumb, water activity, redness, and yellowness were highest in the 10.0% raisin extract bread samples, and lightness was maximal in the 5.0% group. In terms of textural characteristics, hardness was lowest with the 2.5% extract substitution. Gumminess, springiness, and chewiness were not significantly different among the bread samples. Cohesiveness was highest at the 7.5% extract substitution level, and resilience was lowest at the 10% level. In conclusion, based on the results, a natural fermentation starter formulated with 2.5% naturally fermented raisin extract (1 part raisins and 1.5 parts water) and 70% sourdough (1 part rye flour and 1 part water) has high potential as a baker's yeast substitute for making naturally fermented bread.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.542-547
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• 1998

제조방법별 솔잎추출물의 기능성 소재로서 이용 가능성을 조사하고자 솔잎추출물을 일정한 비율로 혼합(밀가루를 기준으로 각각의 추출물은 12.4%, 31%, 43.4%, 62%함유)한 dough의 pH, 1차 발효 후의 dough의 pH, dough부피, 제품의 부피, 굽기손실율, hardness, 관능검사를 수행하였다. 가스 발생량을 높여 제품부피 향상에 연관이 있는 dough의 pH는 CPNP가 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 특히, mixing 직후의 반죽과 1차 발효 후의 dough pH도 CPNP가 가장 낮게 나타났었다. 그러나, 전반적으로 dough부피는 각 첨가구마다 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 제품부피도 추출물 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 특히, 70%와 100% 첨가구에서는 무첨가구보다 다소 높은 경향을 보여, 가스량 발생을 좌우하는 dough의 pH가 제품부피에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 굽기손실율은 추출물 첨가량이 많아질수록 가스 발생량이 높았고 반죽과 제품부피가 컸던 CPNP에서 가장 높은 손실율을 나타내었다. 그러나, 전분의 노화와 관계있는 hardness는 저장기간에 따라 증가하는 경향이었고, 20% 첨가구에서는 CPNP가 무첨가구보다 다소 낮은 경향이었으나, 50%, 70%, 100% 첨가구에서는 무첨가구와 CPNP가 유사한 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 솔잎추출물 첨가량과 관능검사와의 관계는 0일보다 7일간 저장한 후 맛과 조직감이 떨어지는 경향이었고, 50% 이상 첨가한 FPN의 조직감은 7일간 저장하여도 약간 높은 경향을 나타내었으나, 제품의 솔향 강도는 제조방법에 관계없이 추출물의 첨가가 많아짐에 따라 증가하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2008

This study investigated the quality characteristics of the white pan bread prepared with pomegranate powder. Three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 2% and 3% were added to flour to make the bread. The contents of moisture and crude fat contents of the bread added with to which pomegranate powder was added were lower than that of the control group. However, the ash content was not did not significantly different differ significantly among groups. The pH increased with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder concentration. The weight of bread increased with increasing concentrations of pomegranate powder concentration, while whereas the volume and baking loss rate of bread concomitantly decreased. In terms of color values, with increase increases in of the concentration of pomegranate powder concentration, induced a reduction in the L value decreased, but and a concomitant increase in the a and b values increased. The water activity in the bread decreased by with increasing pomegranate powder concentration, and was the highest in the control group. In the Upon texture analyzer measurement analysis, the hardness of the bread was shown to increased increase with increases of in the concentration of pomegranate powder concentration, but the springiness decreased. In the With regard to the results of sensory evaluation, the quality of the 1% pomegranate powder bread showed the evidenced the highest in taste, flavor, and overall acceptability. The color, appearance, mouth feel, and texture of the bread decreased with the increasing pomegranate powder content concentrations. From According to the results of this study, the white bread prepared with 1% pomegranate powder content was shown judged to have the best highest quality.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

This study was carried on the oxidative stability and the real practice possibilities in cooking of fat replacer MCT. Nowadays, it was known that fats and oils had become causes for cardiac disease, obesity and cancer, so the new materials were needed for fat substitute that has less fat contents and low calories. The food industry concerned about fats and oils had been researched and developed new and various kinds of substitute fats. MCT(medium chain triglycerides) is one of the fat based fat substitutes used as fat replacers. The POV of com germ oil(CO), soybean oil(SO), shortening(ST), butter(BT), their blended oil with MCT 10-50%(w/w), and MCT were determined and oxidative stability by POV was compared MCT with those of them. MCT has shown higher oxidative stability than CO, SO, ST, BT, so oxidative stabilities in all kinds of blended oils become higher and higher by the increased substitution ratios. In case of bread, the volume of bread prepared with MCT(MCT bread) substituted for ST at 10-40% level(w/w) were increased a little comparing to that made of shortening(ST bread). But degree of gelatinization of MCT bread were a little lower than ST bread, at the substitute ratio above 40%, the degree of gelatinization were reduced greatly. These phenomena were sustained in 9 stored days. While baking losses of MCT breads were almost same as ST bread until 30% substitute ratio, and the appearances of MCT breads were similar to ST bread until 40% substitute ratio. Also rheological properties and color(Lab) of MCT breads had shown no different significantly from ST bread until 20% substitute ratio, but by the results of sensory evaluation, overall acceptance including appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture of MCT breads were recognized almost same as ST bread by panel until 40% substitute ratio. Depends on the above results, we can suggest that 30-40% of MCT will substitute for shortening in making bread in order to reduce fat and calories intake amounts.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2010

일반 쌀가루에 활성 글루텐, gum 및 유화제를 첨가하여 쌀 빵을 제조시에 흑미가루의 부분적인 대체(10~30%)가 쌀 식빵의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 쌀 식빵의 부피는 일반 쌀가루로만 제조한 100% 쌀가루 식빵에 비해 흑미가루의 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 흑미가루를 첨가한 쌀 식빵의 내부색은 흑미의 어두운 색상에 의해 L값이 현저히 감소하여 어두워졌으며, 적색도는 증가하고, 황색도는 약간 감소하였다. 흑미가루 첨가 쌀 식빵의 저장 중 텍스쳐에서 대조구 쌀 식빵과 비교하여 흑미가루 10~20% 첨가 쌀 식빵은 3일간 저장 기간 중에 식빵의 경도에 크게 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 흑미가루 30% 첨가 쌀 식빵에서는 경도가 현저히 높게 증가하였다. 흑미가루 첨가 쌀 식빵의 DPPH radical 소거능은 흑미 첨가 비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하여 흑미 첨가 쌀 식빵의 항산화 활성은 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2015

To develop functional bread and improve the quality of gluten-free bread, this study investigates the quality characteristics of gluten-free rice bread made from soft-type rice (Bodeurami) flour mixed with black rice at different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, w/w). An increase in the mix level of black-rice flour increased the weight of rice bread but reduced its volume, baking loss, volume expansion, and specific volume. The results for Hunter's color value and texture measurements indicate that an increase in the content of black-rice flour reduced the L-value, the b-value, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness but increased the a-value, adhesiveness, and springiness. According to the sensory analysis, rice bread formulated with a mixture of soft-type rice flour (80%) and black-rice flour (20%) showed the highest scores in color, taste, texture, and overall preferences. With respect to flavor and appearance, bread samples with 20% and 30% black-rice flour were preferred to those with 0%, 10%, and 40% black-rice flour. These results suggest that gluten-free rice bread mixed with wet-milling rice flour and black-rice flour can be used to develop functional and gluten-free bread.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.599-613
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of white pan bread added with wheat sprout powder without treatment (WP) and wheat sprout powder with only enzyme treatment (WPE), only lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPL) and enzyme and lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPE&L). The three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% were added to flour to produce the white pan bread. The bread volume and specific volume of the WPE&L group were the highest among all the addition groups. The bread weight, a-value, and b-value of the WP group was highest among all the addition groups, but the bread baking loss and the L-value of the WP group was the lowest among all the addition groups. The texture measurements indicated that the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values of the bread were the highest in the WP group. The sensory evaluation test showed that bread in the WPE&L group with 3% wheat sprout powder was the best among all the samples studied. Based on our findings, we suggest that the enzyme and lactic acid bacteria pretreated wheat sprout powder is an effective ingredient for improving the overall quality of white pan bread.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.205-208
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• 1980

제빵 적성면(適性面)에서 본 우리나라 소백 품종의 단백질(蛋白質) 및 아미노산 조성상(組成上)의 특징(特徵)은 다음과 같다. 1. 국산 소맥분의 단백질 함량은 미국산 제빵용 소백분에 비해 상당히 떨어지는 10%미만으로서 제빵용으로는 약간 부족(不足)한 단백질 함량을 보였다. 2. 우리나라 소맥 품종의 아미노산 조성상(組成上)의 특징(特徵)으로는 제빵적성에 영향을 미친다고 알려져있는 g1utamic acid의 경우 미국산(美國産) 제빵용 소맥분에 비해 약간 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 단위시료중(單位試料中) 함양(含童)으로는 약 25%의 낮은 수준을 보였다. 3. 국산소맥의 proline 및 cystine의 조성(組成)은 미국산 제빵용 소맥분과 비슷한 수준을 보였으며 lysine, ammonia와 aspartic acid의 경우는 약간 높은 수준을 보였고, 필수아미노산 조성(組成)은 약간 낮은 경향을 보였다. 4. 일반적으로 국산소맥의 단백질 함량 및 아미노산 조성(組成)은 미국산 제빵 및 제과용 소맥분의 중간(中間)에 위치하는 것으로 나타났으며 국산 소맥중에서는 영광(永光)이 미국산 제빵용 소맥분에 가까운 것으로 나타났다.