• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1997

The regulatory role of cyclic nucleotides in the expression of neutrophil responses has been examined. fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in neutrophils was inhibited by dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), histamine, adenosine + theophylline, cAMP elevating agents, and 8-bromoguanosine 3' ,5' -cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP) and sodium nitroprusside, cGMP elevating agents. Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and chlorpromazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, inhibited superoxide production by fMLP, but they did not further affect the action of DBcAMP on the stimulatory action of fMLP. DBcAMP, histamine, adenosine+theophylline and genistein inhibited myeloperoxidease release evoked by fMLP, whereas BrcGMP, sodium nitroprusside and staurosporine did not affect it. The elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ evoked by fMLP was inhibited by genistein and chlorpromazine but was not affected by staurosporine. DBcAMP exerted little effect on the initial peak in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ response to fMLP but effectively inhibited the sustained rise. On the other hand, BrcGMP significantly inhibited both phases. fMLP-induced $Mn^{2+}$ influx was inhibited by either DBcAMP or BrcGMP. These results suggest that fMLP-stimulated neutrophil responses may be regulated by cAMP more than cGMP. cAMP and cGMP appear not affect stimulated responses by direct protein kinase C activation. Their regulatory action on the stimulated neutrophil responses may be not influenced by other activation processes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

In this study the effect of heartwood-coating (HCO), vapor-dam (VD), bark-remaing (BR) and bark-remaining- coating (BRC) treatments were evaluated during air circulating oven-drying of hollowed round-post of Korean red pine. Hollowed round-post could be dried from the green condition to approximately 6% MC within 84 to 156 hours for the UC, HCO and VD specimens and it took 72 to 240 hours to about 8% MC, which is recommended as the indoor in-use MC. The temperatures in the hole of the Control (UC) and HCO specimens constantly showed a higher-leveled distribution pattern than those inside wood. The vapor pressure in the hole of the UC, HCO and BR specimens was higher than that inside wood and showed difference as highest value of about 20 mbar. The surface checks of all specimens were mild and were observed in increasing order of BRC, BR, UC, VD and HCO specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

In this study the effect of heartwood-coating (HCO), vapor-dam (VD), bark-remaining (BR) and bark-remaining-coating (BRC) treatments on the air circulating oven-drying characteristics of Japanese larch hollowed round-post was evaluated. The drying times of the hollowed round-posts for control, VD, HCO and BR specimens were 72, 168, 204 and 240 hours, respectively, from the initial MC to about 8% MC, which was recommended as the indoor in-use MC. The temperature in the hole of the VD specimen was lower than that of wood and the difference between air temperature in the hole and wood temperature became large during drying period. The vapor pressure of air in the hole was higher than that of inside wood for all specimens except VD specimen. The surface checks on all specimens were observed in increasing order of BR, BRC, UC, HCO and VD specimens.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.565-573
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• 2015

The influencing factors to remove phosphate were evaluated by converter slag (CS). Experiments were performed by batch tests using different CS sizes and column test. Solutions were prepared at the different pH and concentrations. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained over 98% with the finest particle size, $CS_a$ within 2 hours in batch tests. The removal efficiency was increased in the order of decreasing size with same amount of CS for any pH of solutions. The adsorption data were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm. From the column experiment, the specific factors were revealed that the breakthrough removal capacity (BRC) $x_b/m_{cs}$, was decreased by increasing the influent concentration. The breakthrough time, tb was lasted shorter as increasing the influent concentration. The pH drop simultaneously led to lower BRC drop during the experimental hours. The relation between the breakthrough time and the BRC to influent concentration was shown in the logarithmic decrease. Results suggested that the large surface area of CS possessed a great potential for adsorptive phosphate removal. Consequently particle size and initial concentration played the major influencing factors in phosphate removal by converter slag.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

Purpose: Frequently, the apartment management offices have difficulties in effective repair works due to their insufficient technological capability to operate long-term repair program. There also have been many cases of failure in executing urgent repairs mainly because the repair allowance has not accumulated enough for the repair works on time. This study aimed to determine core items in apartment maintenance in order to reduce the confusion and unnecessary efforts for the management office by suggesting simple list of repair items. Method: Core items are defined using several indicators. The degrees of necessity for repair work(NRW) are calculated combining the impacts to living, safety, and aesthetics. Then the degrees of burden of repair cost(BRC) are estimated by analyzing actual long-term repair program of three apartment complexes. Lastly the degrees of accumulation demand for repair allowance(AD) are calculated with NRW and BRC. Result: The core items and essential items are suggested for three apartment types as case studies based on the indicators of NRW, BRC, and AD. Then, the required accumulated allowance per $m^2$ was calculated to effectively implement repair works.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 고유동, 저발열 및 고강도 특성을 발현하는 belite-rich cement(BRC)에 있어서 카르복실산계 유기혼화제를 사용했을 때 가용성 알칼리의 함량 변화에 따른 흡착거동과 유동특성에 미치는 영향성에 대해 검토하였다. BRC에서 알칼리 0.1~0.2 wt% 및 알칼리 설페이트 0.3~0.5 wt% 첨가시 슬럼프가 증가하거나 손실이 거의 없었으며, 그 이상의 함량을 첨가하였을 때 다시 유동서 저하를 가져왔다. 그러나, 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC)의 슬럼프 유지능력은 알칼리 및 알칼리 설페이트를 첨가할수록 감소되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2006

Background: Although several efforts have been made recently to grade the severity of sublingual veins, these methods still meet some problems: clinicians' subjectivity and diversity of lighting conditions. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to quantify the severity of sublingual veins using CDs (color differences), and to verify clinical validity of the parameters of sublingual veins using CDs. Methods: We photographed the inferior surface of subjects' tongue from 74 subjects. CDs were computed through two sets of mean $L^*a^*b^*$ values extracted from BRC (black reference color) and the inferior surface of the tongue. We assumed that SVI (sublingual veins index) normalized percentage of a reciprocal of CDs between BRC and the inferior surface of the tongue including sublingual veins and BISV (black index of sublingual veins) percentage of a reciprocal of CDs between BRC and the main trunk of sublingual veins could be applied as quantitative parameters of sublingual veins and examined whether there are meaningful correlations between CDs and subjective grading by the clinicians or not. Results: There were high positive correlations of SVI and BISV to clinician evaluation respectively (r=0.715, 0.634). We computed a multiple regression equation which includes SVI and BISV as independent factors $(r^2=0.60);\;Y=0.711+0.046X_1+0.205X_2$ (Y: the severity of sublingual veins, $X_1:\;SVI,\;X_2:\;BISV$). Conclusions: We conclude that the severity of sublingual veins can be quantified through SVI and BISV, minimizing the clinicians' subjectivity and the diversity of lighting conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 1999

우수한 셀룰로오스 생산 균주인 Acetobacter xylinum BRC5의 교반배양에 의한 셀룰로오스 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 fed-batch 배양을 하였으며, 기질공급속도, 기질 공급량 및 용존 산소의 영향을 검토하였다. 초기 glucose 양을 변화시켜 회분배양하였을 때 glucose 농도가 10 및 20 g/L인 경우 셀룰로오스 생산량은 각각 2.05와 4.10 g/L이였으며 glucose에 대한 셀룰로오스 수율 (Yp/s)은 0.21이었다. 초기 glucose 농도 40g/L일 때 셀룰로오스 수율을 향상시키기 위해서 초기 glucose 농도 20 g/L에서 회분배양을 시작하여 glucose가 gluconic acid로 완전히 전환된 시점부터 추가적으로 glucose를 공급하여 fed-batch 배양기간에 glucose 공급속도는 셀룰로오스 생산성에 큰 영향을 미쳐 20g/L의 glucose를 2.22 g/L.h의 속도로 9시간 첨가하여 fed-batch 배양한 결과 셀룰로오스 생성량이 10 g/L로 가장 우수하여 초기 glucose 농도 20 g/L로 회분배양하였을 때 비하여 약 2배 증가하였으며, $Y_{P/S}$도 0.26으로 현저히 향상되었다. 또한 동일조건으로 fed-batch 배양하면서 glucose 공급량을 증가시켜 40g/L의 glucose를 추가적으로 첨가한 경우 셀룰로오스 생산량은 10.7g/L는 거의 증가되지 않았으며, $Y_{P/S}$가 0.18로 감소하였다. 이는 셀룰로오스 농도가 증가함에 따라 산소 공급이 부족하기 때문이므로 용존산소(DOT)를 2~15% 포화범위에서 조절하여 fed-batch 배양했을 때 DOT를 10% 수준으로 유지하면서 fed-batch 배양기간에 40g/L의 glucose를 추가공급 했을 때 셀룰로오스 생성량은 15.3 g/L로 증가되었고 이때 $Y_{P/S}$는 0.26로 향상되었다. 이는 DO를 제어하지 않는 경우에 비하여 셀룰로오스 생성량이 1.5배 증가한 결과이다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.219-240
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• 2008

본 연구는 새로운 국가자원인 생물자원에 대한 최근의 국제적인 이슈와 주요국의 정책의지 및 관리 체계 등을 살펴 본 것이다. 그렇지만 논의의 전개를 위해 생물자원과 관련된 이론적인 논의, 역사 등을 먼저 검토하였다. 생물자원과 관련된 최근의 이슈는 지적재산권, 보관과 배송의 안전과 관련된 국제규약의 강화, 생물자원의 생물학적 표준강화, 생물자원센터의 윤리문제 등으로 특징지어진다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본고는 생물자원정책의 방향, 체계 및 내용을 간단히 권고하였다. 특히 범부처적 차원에서의 생물자원의 관리와 확보를 위한 종합 조정과 시스템 구축의 필요성을 강조하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2000

In order to investigate the rheological properties of belite-rich cement(BRC) added polycarbonate-based superplasticizer and blastfurnace slags which have different blaines at 4500, 6000 and 8000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, the change of minislumps and mortar slumps are measured with time. The rheological properties improve as specific surface area of added slag decreases or amount of polycarbonate-based superplasticizer increases. The slump loss can be controlled effectively by the steric hinderance effect of polycarbonate-based superplasticizer. According to the results, when mix proportion of the mortar is 1.5% mass content of superplasticizer and 30% mass addition of blastfurnace slag which blaine is 4500$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, the best mortar slump can be achieved without any significant segregation of materials.