• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2023

The electron transport properties of Y-type zigzag branched carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of great significance for micro and nano carbon-based electronic devices and their interconnection. Based on the semi-empirical method combining tight-binding density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function, the electron transport properties between the branches of Y-type zigzag branched CNT are studied. The results show that the drain-source current of semiconducting Y-type zigzag branched CNT (8, 0)-(4, 0)-(4, 0) is cut-off and not affected by the gate voltage in a bias voltage range [-0.5 V, 0.5 V]. The current presents a nonlinear change in a bias voltage range [-1.5 V, -0.5 V] and [0.5 V, 1.5 V]. The tangent slope of the current-voltage curve can be changed by the gate voltage to realize the regulation of the current. The regulation effect under negative bias voltage is more significant. For the larger diameter semiconducting Y-type zigzag branched CNT (10, 0)-(5, 0)-(5, 0), only the value of drain-source current increases due to the larger diameter. For metallic Y-type zigzag branched CNT (12, 0)-(6, 0)-(6, 0), the drain-source current presents a linear change in a bias voltage range [-1.5 V, 1.5 V] and is symmetrical about (0, 0). The slope of current-voltage line can be changed by the gate voltage to realize the regulation of the current. For three kinds of Y-type zigzag branched CNT with different diameters and different conductivity, the current-voltage curve trend changes from decline to rise when the branch of drain-source is exchanged. The current regulation effect of semiconducting Y-type zigzag branched CNT under negative bias voltage is also more significant.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

This study analyzes areas, traffic lines and characteristics of block of traditional villages in order to suggest how to build urban village in the way that can solve problems occurring in residential areas these days. The study showed the following results: 1) Traditional villages have definite boundary and entrance, and the community area for the villages is close to the entrance to encourage community activities of villagers. 2) With an access in the form of a blind alley branched from the main road, traditional villages form a small-sized clustering and encourage community activities in a natural way. 3) Formed of block with a pattern of net, blind alley or standing in a line on both sides, traditional villages help residents to form close relations between. These findings suggest that for building desirable urban villages, 1) they should have definite boundary, 2) size and location of community area should be determined in the way to activate community activities of residents, 3) roads inside the village should have branched form rather than standardized check pattern so that small-sized clustering could be formed along the branched inner roads, and 4) clustering in villages should be arranged in a line on both sides or in the form of a blind alley giving consideration to the length and width of roads. The roads should be also of a closed type so that residents could create strong bonds with their neighbors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.171-182
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider the parameter space of the rational plane curves with uni-branched singularity. We show that such a parameter space is decomposable into irreducible components which are rational varieties. Rational parametrizations of the irreducible components are given in a constructive way, by a repeated use of Abhyankar-Moh Epimorphism Theorem. We compute an enumerative invariant of this parameter space, and include explicit computational examples to recover some classically-known invariants.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2015

In this paper a printed pair dipole antenna with double tapered microstrip balun for wireless communications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a pair arm of different sizes that is branched microstrip line and microstrip line with the ground plane on opposite side of the dielectric substrate plane. The proposed antenna is matched between the ground plane to the microstrip line by double tapered microstrip balun. This antenna obtains multi-band radiation frequency band. The impedance bandwidths for a reflection coefficient of VSWR ≤ 2 are about 1.01 GHz (2.35~3.336 GHz), 1.56 GHz (4.7~6.26 GHz) and 1.15GHz (6.85~8.0[GHz]). Additionally, the measurement peak gain is about 3.6 dBi. The proposed antenna is able to support wireless communication applications.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2004

Branched and linear polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been studied as efficient and versatile agents for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. PEIs exist in a linear or branched topology and are available in a wide range of molecular weight (Mw). Most studies have been done using PEIs with Mw higher than 10Kd. This study was aimed to test the transfection efficiency and the cell viability following gene delivery using PEI of Mw 2Kd, a relatively lower Mw cationic polymer. We used murine interleukin-2(mIL-2) plasmid DNA complexed with branched PEI 2Kd or 25Kd, and transfected them into a myoblast muscle cell line, C2C12. The cellular uptake of mIL-2 plasmid DNA was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA transcript levels were studied in the myoblast cells. Our results show that PEI 2Kd was as effective as PEI 25Kd in celluar gene delivery and transfection efficiency in C2C12 cells. Moreover, MTT assay indicated that PEI 2Kd/DNA complexes did not significantly reduce the cell viability regardless of N/P ratios. These results suggest that PEI of Mw 2Kd might play a role as effective and low toxic nonviral vector systems for muscular cell lines.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.362-367
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• 2015

We followed the development of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii larvae after natural hatching in Korean coastal waters off Dadaepo, where the water temperature was $9^{\circ}C$. Twenty days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached a total length (TL) of 10.8-12.2 mm, (ii) developed 9-11 dorsal fin rays, and (iii) branched melanophores along the dorsal line of the gut in the anterior half of the body and along the posterior half of the dorsal and ventral line. Thirty days after hatching, the larvae had reached 12.2-13.5 mm TL, and the number of dorsal fin rays had increased to 13-14. Thirty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had reached 14.0-14.7 mm TL, and the posterior ends of their notochords had begun to flex upward. Forty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached 15.6-15.9 mm TL, (ii) a complete set of dorsal fin rays (15-16), (iii) 12-13 anal fin rays, and (iv) branched melanophores along the dorsal part of the lateral surfaces of the head behind the caudal terminus. Preflexion, flexion and postflexion stage larvae had TL values of 13.5 mm, 14.0-15.3 mm, and 15.6-15.9 mm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2002

The addition of switches to a distribution feeder does, in general, increase reliability by decreasing the duration of the outage of many to the customers on the feeder. To cover its service area so that feeder-level delivery reaches sufficiently close to all customers, feeders typically split their routes many times, in what is often called a lateral feeder. It is interesting to note, however, that the effectiveness of a switch is very much dependent on the types of lateral feeder. The types of lateral are classified into two types. The first is loop lateral feeder that can connect its load to an adjacent feeder through a tie line in case that a fault occurs in its feeder and it is laid out so that every feeder has complete fault backup through re-switching of its loads to other sources like a main feeder. The second is the radial lateral feeder cannot connect its load to an adjacent line, no provision is made for contingency backup of feeders. There are no other circuits in the radial lateral feeder form which to restore power. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of a switch installation between on the radial and loop lateral feeders to increase reliability by decreasing the duration of the outage. These results can help power utility to design the switch layouts on the radial and loop lateral feeder system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.584-586
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• 2004

This paper deals with the development of on-line fault and lightning stroke section locating system for branched overhead transmission line. The section locating algorithm of this system i3 by analyzing the distribution pattern of current flowing through the overhead ground wire. It composes of three parts; current sensors, local remote terminal unit(RTU) and analysis program at surveillance tenter. Double Rogowski coil sensor having integrating amplifier was designed as current sensor. In order for current pattern analysis, the transmitted waves from each sensor wert synchronized by GPS tim c clock in RTU. While, lightning stroke location are judged only by polarity information of lightning currents. This design has a benefit in simplicity of signal processing unit of RTU.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

A number of components installed in the secondary system of nuclear power plants are exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), Cavitation, Flashing, and LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion). Those aging mechanisms can lead to thinning of the components. In April 2013, one (1) inch small bore piping branched from the main steam line experienced leakage resulting from wall thinning in a 1,000 MWe Korean PWR nuclear power plant. During the normal operation, extracted steam from the main steam line goes to condenser through the small bore piping. The leak occurred in the downstream of an orifice. A control valve with vertical flow path was placed on in front of the orifice. This paper deals with UT (Ultrasonic Test) thickness data, SEM images, and numerical simulation results in order to analyze the extent of damage and the cause of leakage in the small bore piping. As a result, it is concluded that the main cause of the small bore pipe wall thinning is liquid droplet impingement erosion. Moreover, it is observed that the leak occurred at the reattachment point of the vortex flow in the downstream side of the orifice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.411-416
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• 2011

Steric and electronic parameters of 4'-substituents play significant roles in steering the conformation of nucleoside analogues. In order to investigate the relationship of 4'-group with antiviral enhancement, novel 4'-hydroxymethyl-5'-norcarbocyclic adenosine phosphonic acid analogues were designed and synthesized from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-ethanol (5) using reiterative Grignard addition and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as key reactions. The synthesized adenosine phosphonic acids analogues (22) and (23) were subjected to antiviral screening against HIV-1. Compound (23) exhibited moderate anti-HIV activity ($EC_50$ = 8.61 ${\mu}M$) in the CEM cell line.