• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of fruit and seed morphology among populations and among individuals within population of Sorbus commixta Hedl. distributed in Korea. Fruits collected from 42 trees in six natural populations and their six fruit and four seed characteristics were analyzed. In all characteristics, there were significant differences among populations and among individuals within populations. Especially, number of fruits per fruit-bearing branch and number of seeds per fruit showed higher values among populations in total variance component. Coefficients of variation in the number of fruits per fruit-bearing branch and seed weight are relatively high (42.0~75.3%) compared to other traits (11.9~32.1%). As a result of simple correlation analysis, the number of fruits per fruit-bearing branch showed a significant positive correlation with latitude but showed a negative correlation with longitude. According to cluster analysis, geographically close populations showed the tendency of clustering into the same group. Three principal components (PC) were deduced from principal component analysis, which explain the 87% of total variance of fruit and seed characteristics. The highest contribution was seed length and seed weight in PC1, fruit width and seed index in PC2 and fruit length and number of fruits per fruit-bearing branch in PC3.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.400-410
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• 2003

Most of the demand forecasting which have been studied is about long-term time series over 15 years demand forecasting. In this paper, we set up the most optimal ARIMA model for the short-term time series demand forecasting and suggest demand forecasting system for short-term time series by appraising suitability and predictability. We are going to use the univariate ARIMA model in parallel with the bivariate transfer function model to improve the accuracy of forecasting. We also analyze the effect of advertisement cost, scale of branch stores, and number of clerk on the establishment of marketing policy by applying statistical methods. After then we are going to show you customer's needs, which are number of buying products. We have applied this method to forecast the annual sales of refrigerator in four branch stores of A company.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

Shirai 등은 FSE'04에서 DSM 설계 원리를 적용하여 증명 가능한 Feistal 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 임의의 라운드 수에 대하여 능동 S-box의 최소 개수를 증명할 수 있다. 그러나 제안된 구조에 제약된 조건을 만족하는 행렬이 존재함을 증명하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 DSM 설계 원리에 최대 branch number를 갖는 $m{\times}m$ 이진 행렬을 적용하였을 경우 동일한 최대 branch number를 가지지 못함을 증명 한다$(m{\leq}34)$. 이는 이진 행렬을 이용하여 Shirai 등이 제안한 구조를 설계할 수 없음을 의미한다.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

seeding rates(1.5,2.0,3.0 and 3.5$\ell$/10a). There were no differences in the yield components such as length of stem and ear diameter of stem number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem between the seeding methods with drilling and broadcasting, but yield components such as length of stem and ear, diameter of stem, number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem increased with seeding rates of from 2.5$\ell$ /10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a. Therefore potimum rates and methods of sowing were from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a with seeding at the drilling and broadcasting.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

In this paper, the interaction between two neighboring tunnel has been investigated using PFC2D. For this purpose, firstly calibration of PFC was performed using Brazilian experimental test. Secondly, various configuration of two neighboring tunnel was prepared and tested by biaxial test. The maximum and minimum principle stresses were 0.2 and 30 MPa respectively. The modeling results show that in most cases, the tensile cracks are dominant mode of cracks that occurred in the model. With increasing the diameter of internal circle, number of cracks decreases in rock pillar also number of total cracks decreases in the model. The rock pillar was heavily broken when its width was too small. In fixed quarter size of tunnel, the crack initiation stress decreases with increasing the central tunnel diameter. In fixed central tunnel size, the crack initiation stress decreases with increasing the quarter size of tunnel.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2023

This paper presents a study on the wave propagation of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich nanoplates with soft core resting on a Winkler foundation. The structure is modelled by classical theory. Motion equations are derived by the assumption of nonlocal Eringen theory and energy method. Then, the equations are solved using an exact method for finding phase velocity responses. The effects of Winkler foundation, nonlocal parameters, thickness and mode number on the dispersion of elastic waves are shown. With the increase of spring constant, the speed of wave propagation increases and reaches a uniform state at a higher wave number.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1696-1700
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• 2005

Five China native cattle breeds have been characterized by using 10 microsatellite DNA markers. The studied populations can be divided into five groups: Luxi cattle, Nanyang cattle, Jinnan cattle, Qinchuan cattle and Yanbian cattle. Allele frequencies were calculated and used for the characterization of the breeds and the study of their genetic relationships. Heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, the effective number of alleles was calculated. Nei' standard genetic distance (1978) was calculated and used for a neighbor-joining tree construction. NJ tree showed that Luxi cattle, Nanyang cattle, Jinnan cattle and Qinchuan cattle are closely related, whereas Yanbian cattle are clearly distinct from other four populations. The genetic relationship of five breeds corresponds to their history and geographic origins. This work analyzes the recent origin of these populations and contributes to the knowledge and genetic characterization of China native breeds.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of initial member length an imperfection in the load carrying capacity of double-layer domes space structures. First, for the member length imperfection of each member, a random number is generated from a normal distribution. Thereupon, the amount of the imperfection randomly varies from one member to another. Afterwards, based on the Push Down analysis, the collapse behavior and the ultimate capacity of the considered structure is determined using nonlinear analysis performed by the OpenSees software and this procedure is repeated numerous times by Monte Carlo simulation method. Finally, the reliability of structures is determined. The results show that the collapse behavior of double-layer domes space structures is highly sensitive to the random distribution of initial imperfections.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2007

In this study, we consider the minimum ADM problem which is the fundamental problem for the cost-effective design of SONET ADM embedded in WDM ring networks. To minimize the number of SONET ADMs, efficient algorithms for the routing and wavelength assignment are needed. We propose a mathematical model based on the graph theory for the problem and propose a branch-and-price approach to solve the suggested model effectively within reasonable time. By exploiting the mathematical structure of ring networks, we developed polynomial time algorithms for column generation subroutine at branch-and-bound tree. In a computer simulation study, the suggested approach can find the optimal solution for sufficient size networks and shows better performance than the greedy heuristic method.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2008

This paper considers an order scheduling model to minimize the total weighted tardiness of orders. Each order requires different types of products. Each type of product is manufactured on its dedicated machine specified in advance. The completion time of each order is represented by the time when all the products belonging to the order are completed. The objective of this paper is to find the optimal production schedule minimizing the total weighted tardiness of a finite number of orders. In the problem analysis, we first derive a powerful solution property to determine the sequence of two consecutive orders. Moreover, two lower bounds of objective are derived and tested along with the derived property within a branch-and-bound scheme. Two efficient heuristic algorithms are also developed. The overall performances of the proposed property, branch-and-bound and heuristic algorithms are evaluated through various numerical experiments.