• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.329-337
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• 2019

We synthesized potassium titanates having splinter and plate shape and evaluated frictional and wear properties of brake pad using them as reinforcements in friction materials. For splinter-shaped potassium titanates, potassium tetratitanate (K₂O·4TiO₂, PT4) with plate shape was prepared, then K ion of the titanate was leached by acid to make potassium hexatitanate (K₂O·6TiO₂, PT6), which was transformed to splinter-shaped PT6 by thermal treatment at 800℃. Plate-shaped potassium magnesium titanate (K_0.8Mg_0.4Ti_1.6O₄, PMT) was prepared by adding Mg in the potassium titanate using KCl as a flux. Using PT6 and PMT as reinforcements in friction materials of brake pad, we evaluated frictional and wear properties using 1/5-scale dynamometer. According to dynamometer test results, both reinforcements shows similar friction coefficient and fade & recovery behavior to conventional material and plate-shaped PMT exhibits higher wear resistance than splinter-shaped PT6.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2009

In general, a brake system of axle for heavy duty machine as a wheel excavator makes use of wettype multiple disk brakes. These disk bakes are very important parts of heavy duty machine because they are dvanced in durability and braking power, and can be designed compactly. Thus, we adesigned and made wettype multiple disk brakes of axle for the wheel excavator to be localization of these imported all. In this study, wet multiple disk brakes were made a comparative test with the 3 types materials of friction disk by the SAE No.2 dynamometer. The friction characteristics were measured and analyzed to decide a suitable material as wear depth of friction disk and dynamic and static friction coefficient on temperature of oil and applied pressure.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

Tribological properties of novolac resin composites containing particulate barite (BaSO$_4$) or potassium titanate (K$_2$Oㆍ6(TiO$_2$))whiskers (two typical space fillers for commercial automotive brake linings) were investigated. The emphasis of the current investigation was given to the effect of the two fillers on the propensity of the stick-slip phenomena and formation of stable rubbing surface. A block-on-disk type tribometer was used for friction assessment. Results showed that the BaSO$_4$-filled composite produced large friction force oscillations at slow sliding speeds and created severe damage on the gray iron counter surface. On the other hand, the composite with $K_2$Oㆍ6(TiO$_2$) whiskers formed a stable rubbing surface and showed smooth sliding behavior without large friction force fluctuation. The microscopic observation of the rubbing surface revealed that the $K_2$Oㆍ6(TiO$_2$)whiskers played a key role in the formation of stable rubbing surface and smooth sliding behavior by effectively reinforcing the resin.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.278-282
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• 2007

Friction characteristics of a low-steel friction material were examined to investigate creep groan phenomena. The amount of three ingredients (steel fiber, $ZrSiO_4$, cashew) were changed to produce test specimens using a constrained mixture design. Tribological properties of the friction material specimens were obtained by using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. Results showed that the amount of three different ingredients strongly affected the level of friction coefficient and the difference between the static friction coefficient and the kinetic friction coefficient $({\Delta}{\mu}).\;ZrSiO_4$ and steel fiber tended to increase the average friction coefficient and aggravated the stick-slip phenomena suggesting high creep groan propensity. On the other hand, cashew tended to decrease average friction coefficient and ${\Delta}{\mu}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.226-234
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• 2002

A systematic study of the role of transfer films on friction properties was performed with various temperatures in the brake system. An NAO friction material specimens containing 9 ingredients were tested using a pad-on-disk type friction tester A new method of measuring the transfer film thickness was developed by considering the electrical resistance of the transfer film using a 4-point probe technique. The properties of transfer film such as surface morphology and film distribution vaied according to the relative amount of graphite and magnesium oxide. By using SEM, it was possible to obtain information about the chemical composition of the transfer film. Results showed that there detected a threshold value of the relative amount of a two active materials to maintain a certiain thickness of a transfer film. Results also showed that formation of friction layer generated on the friction surface was strongly affected by chemical action of two ingredients during sliding due to chemical reaction of solid lubricants at different interface temperature. The results suggested that no apparent relationship between transfer film thickness and the average friction coefficient was founded and friction characteristics were affected more by the property of the solid lubricant and abrasive in the material.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

In this study, the friction weldability and properties of inconel alloy(IN738LC) to stainless steel (STS304) was investigat-ed. Upset length increased according to increment of friction pressure and time. The tensile strength of the friction weld-ing reached 85% of the STS304 base metal strength under the conditions of 8 sec friction time, 50MPa friction pressure and 150 MPa upset pressure. From the result of fracture surface analysis, IN738LC section can be joined with STS 304 materials in shape of a convex lens. Also, the temperature of welded interface was measured with k-type thermocouple. Finally the plastic flow confirmed at the welded interface STS304 by micro test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1305-1306
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• 2006

A new material was developed to achieve improvement of heat durability, improvement of wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and reduction in aggression to counterpart, because it is difficult to maintain braking properties by using currently available materials in the train wagons used for high-speed transportation. As a result, the new material showed a stable wear resistance even in the speed range of 350km/h, where improvement was also confirmed in reduction of aggression to counterpart material by more than approximately 10%. This development was adopted for the brake lining in the Taiwan High Speed Rail project.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2003

This article deals with the manufacture and test results of asbestos-free friction material for Aluminium at toy disk. In order to obtain optimum formulation, various formulations of fibres, matrix, modifiers, fillers, etc were designed and evaluated. The constant friction and brake dynamometer tests were performed to know weak and strong point for each friction material. The C21 formulation of various tested formulations exhibited superior friction constant(0.38∼38), fade rate (18%) by JASO C406 test mode and maximum wear 1.6 mm. disc wear 0.08 mm by JASO C427 test mode. The surface morphology of AL alloy disk(before and after test) was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Image Analyzer.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

상용화 마찰재를 사용하여 고온 열화에 대한 원료들의 영향을 연구하였다. 제한된 영역에서의 실험계획법에 의해 25개의 마찰재가 제작되었으며, 축소 마찰 시험기로 마찰, 마모특성을 조사하였다. 아라미드 섬유, 흑연, 구리섬유는 열화에 대한 저항성을 향상시켰으며, 반면 삼황화 안티몬, 지르콘은 열화현상을 가속시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 각 원료들이 계면에 미치는 영향이 각기 다르기 때문으로 사료된다. 아라미드 섬유, 흑연, 구리섬유등은 계면을 안정화 시켰으며, 삼황화 안티몬, 지르콘등은 고온에서 불안정한 계면을 형성시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.5 s.54
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• pp.76-81
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• 2003

Friction welding of GCD45 spheroidal graphite cast iron and 2024 aluminum alloy has been studied, especially in terms of the joint faces and strength of friction welding. For appropriate results of the friction welding of GCD45 graphite cast iron and 2024 aluminum alloy, an insert of A1050 pure aluminum metal was used. The joint strength of the A1050 pure aluminum insert approached the maximum strength of 165.7Mpa, compared to 128MPa for the joint between GCD45 graphite cast iron and A1050 pure aluminum without the insert metal. Maximum strength, 165.7Mpa, was possible for the following optimum conditions: 20MPa for the friction pressure, P1, 60MPa for the upsetting pressure, P2, 1 second for the friction time, t1, 3000rpm for the rotation, N, and 0.3 seconds for the brake time, tB.