• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom acupuncture at Shinsu($BL_{23}$) and Daejangsu($BL_{25}$) on neuropathic pain induced by tibial and sural nerve injury in rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain model was made by partial resection of tibial and sural nerve. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, bee venom acupuncture was firstly injected at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$, then we measured withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. Bee venom acupunctures were injected 6times on every 2days. Measurement of withdrawal responses were conducted on the same days. After bee venom acupuncture injection, expression levels of c-Fos, nocieptin and KOR-3 were observed through using immunohistochemistry. Results : In this experiment, bee venom acupunctures at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$ decreased levels of withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation respectively. In addtion, expression levels of c-Fos, nociceptin and KOR-3 in central gray part of brain in rats were decreased by bee venom acupuncture. Conclusions : These results imply that bee venom acupuncture was useful to treat patients with neuropathic pain, and related mechanisms were involved in opioid and their receptors such as nociceptin and KOR-3.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1988

최근에 마취한 흰쥐에서 중뇌망상체를 전기적으로 자극하면 췌장의 외분비 기능이 증가하며 이러한 결과는 망상체의 자극으로 인하여 교감신경계의 활성도가 상승하기 때문이라는 보고가 있다. 한편 교감신경계의 활성도가 상승할 경우 교감신경계의 전달 물질인 catecholamine이 교감신경 종말 뿐만 아니라 부신수질에서도 유리된다고 알려져 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 중뇌망상체의 자극으로 인하여 췌장의 외분비 기능이 증가함에 있어 교감신경계가 중요한 역할을 담당하는지를 확인하고, 이때 부신수질이 관여하는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 마취한 흰쥐에게 atropine (1mg/kg) 또는 reserpine (5mg/kg)을 투여하거나 또는 부신을 적출한 다음 중뇌망상체를 전기 자극하면서 췌장액을 채취하였다. 사용한 전기자극의 매개변수는 1.3V, 40Hz, 2msec이었다. atropine과 reserpine을 투여하면 마취한 흰쥐의 자발적 췌장액 분비량과 단백질 분비량은 모두 유의하게 감소하였으나 부신을 제거하면 췌장액 분비량에는 이렇다할 변동이 없는 반면에 단백질 분비량은 유의하게 감소하였다. 중뇌망상체를 전기자극하면 췌장액 분비량과 단백질 분비량 모두가 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 망상체의 자극효과는 atropine 전처치에 의하여 이렇다할 영향을 받지 않았으나 reserpine 전처치에 의하여 소실되었다. 그러나 부신을 적출하면 망상체 자극에 의한 췌장액 분비량의 증가는 유지되는 반면에 단백질 분비량의 증가는 소실되었다. 한편 미주신경을 절단한 흰쥐에서 중뇌망상체를 자극하는 동안에 경동맥의 수축기 및 이완기 혈압이 상승하였는데 이러한 망상체의 자극효과도 reserpine의 투여에 의하여 유의하게 감소되었다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하여 보면 마취한 흰쥐에서 중뇌망상체의 자극은 교감신경계를 활성화시켜 췌장액 분비량과 단백질 분비량에 촉진적인 영향을 미치며, 이때 활성화된 교감신경계는 부분적으로 부신을 경유하게 췌장의 단백질 분비에 촉진적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to offer clinical primary data that it's aims to examine effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function and biochemical change of rat with alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by injecting scopolamine. Methods: Subjects were instructed cognitive dysfunction model, rat of Sprague-Dawley system was injected with scopolamine and each experimental group was classified into three; group I (n=16) is non-treatment groups; group II (n=16) is applied with the tacrine; group III (n=16) is applied with the tDCS. The ziggurat task test was conducted to observe behavioral changes and cognitive function ability and 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the model. Acetylcholine Esterase (Ach E) activity was examined for biochemical assessment of which the results are followed. Results: Participants showed as to behavioral change, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. As to biochemical change, same as above, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. Conclusion: From these results, confirm that tDCS application to rat with alzheimer's disease leads to positive effects on behavioral, cognitive function changes, and biochemical changes, lasting for certain period of time. This study, in particular, tDCS, which can change excitability of brain cells non-invasively, could provide basic data that is useful as a new treatment way for the patients with cognitive dysfunction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 1995

출산 전후의 황점볼락 및 조피볼락 어미의 뇌 조직에서 GtH 분비를 자극하는 신경호르몬으로 알려진 NPY를 검출하기 위해, 면역조직화학을 실시하고 뇌하수체내 GtH 분비세포의 활성을 서로 비교하였다. 두 어종 모두에서 뇌 조직중 NPY 양성반응을 나타내는 세포는 후각망울, 종뇌 및 중뇌에서, 신경섬유는 후각망울, 종뇌, 시각신경, 시상하부, 중뇌 및 시각엽에서 각각 관찰되었다. 뇌하수체내에서 NPY 양성반응을 나타내는 신경섬유는 성숙에 관계없이 두 어종 모두 앞원위부분의 AF 음성세포에 인접한 신경엽에 분포하였고, 성장 및 성숙기의 난모세포를 가진 어체에서는 앞원위부분의 신경엽과 중간원위부분의 GtH 분비세포에 인접한 신경엽에서 관찰되었다. 뇌하수체내의 GtH 분비세포는 출산전의 황점볼락 및 성숙기의 조피볼락 개체에서는 AF 염색성이 약했으나, 출산후 황점볼락 및 조피볼락의 GtH 분비세포는 출산전 및 성숙기에 비해 AF 염색성이 증가하였다. 두 어종에서 출산전 난소를 가진 개체들의 GtH 분비세포와 핵경의 크기는 출산후(황점볼락)이거나 출산 이후 휴지기의 난소를 가진 개체(조피볼락) 보다 유의하게 컸다(P<0.01).

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1967

근년(近年) 고등동물세포(高等動物細胞)에 있어서 유전자(遺傳子)의 본체(本體)인 DNA에서 RNA를 경과(經過)해서 특이적(特異的)인 단백질(蛋白質)의 생합성(生合成)에 도달(到達)하는 경로(經路)에 대(對)해서는 많은 연구(硏究)에 의해서 확립(確立)되어졌으나 그 조절기구(調節機構)에 대(對)해서는 불명(不明)한 점(點)이 많다. 개체(個體), 기관(器管), 세포내구조(細胞內構造) 급(及) DNA의 준위(準位)에서의 방사선(放射線)의 장해(障害)에 대(對)해서도 연구(硏究)되고 있으나 소위(所謂) 방사선감수성(放射線感受性) 급(及) 비감수성(非感受性)의 각장기(各臟器)에서 분리(分離)한 Chromatin (DNA-Histone-잔여단백(殘餘蛋白)의 고차구조결합체(高次構造結合體)에 대(對)한 DNA, RNA, 전단백질(全蛋白質)과 유전수식체(遺傳修飾體)라고 생각되는 Histon-단백(蛋白)의 화학조성(化學組成)을 검출(檢出)했으며 겸(兼)해서 chromatin의 생물활성(生物活性)인 RNA 합성능(合成能)(priming activity)에 대(對)한 방사선(放射線)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하는데 의의(意義)가 있다. 전리방사선(電離放射線) 조사(照射)에 의해서 생체(生體)의 DNA의 합성조해(合成阻害)가 잘 알려진 사실(事實)이나 분화(分化)한 생체조직(生體組織)에서의 DNA의 합성(合成)보다도 일반대사(一般代謝)에 중요(重要)한 역할(役割)을 한다는 것도 생각된다. 세포(細胞)의 대사(代謝)는 내분비계등(內分泌系等)의 "Effector-DNA-RNA-단백합성(蛋白合成)이라는 정보유전기구(情報遺傳機構)에 의해서 제어(制禦)되어 있다. 이 연구(硏究)는 방사선생물학상(放射線生物學上) 중요(重要)한 것은 논할(論) 필요(必要)도 없으며 방사선동위원소표지화합물(放射線同位元素標識化合物)을 사용(使用)하여 생화학적(生化學的)으로 추구(推究)하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2006

Objectives: Recently, the effect of acupuncture has been approved not only in the East but also in the West, so the interest on acupuncture was greatly improved. Especially, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was embossed as the study tool for the mechanism of acupuncture noninvasively and many studies on the mechanism of acupuncture using fMRI were carried out. We archived the fMRI study on the brain activity induced by manual acupuncture at BL62(申脈). Methods: The study was the acupuncture at BL62(申脈) and we acquired 9 fMRI results from 6 persons$(age\;20{\sim}30,\;4\;male\;and\;2\;female)$. These studies employed The block design for mapping brain activity and acupuncture was perfomed at BL62(申脈) on the left foot. Results: The brain related motor function was cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and thalamus connected these elements. In the result of this study, the regions of significant activation in the cerebellum was centered on the spinocerebellum in the anterior lobe, so we presumed that this result showed the input of stimulation by the acupuncture on BL62(申脈). But basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed the regions of significant activation in the left larger than the right and regions of the cerebral cortex was the motor and sensory cortex. Such a result explained that acupuncture at BL62(申脈) could have influence the motor function and acupuncture at left BL62(申脈) could affect the right side through the activation of the left basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Conclusions: In the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論), it the pathogenic factor invaded in the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈) that was one of the eight Extra meridians(奇經八脈), we recognized the disease of the collateral channel and used contralateral BL62(申脈) for treatment of the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈). Moreover the result of this study could bear the construction that acupuncture at the left BL62(申脈) treats the contralateral lesion and this construction is related to the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1974

In recent years much interesting information about the mechanism of the $Na^+-K^+$ activated ATPase has been obtained from investigation of the $K^+-activated$ phosphatase activity which appears to be catalysed by the same enzyme. Also several studies have indicated that a $K^+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity is intimately related to the ATPase activity. And then the exact relation of p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity to $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase activity is not known. The effects of some ions and drugs on the p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of the rat brain were investigated and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The p-nitrophenylphosphatase was stimulated markedly by low concentrations of $K^+$, while the activity was activated slightly in the presence of $Na^+$ and oligomycin. 2. Addition of both ATP and $Na^+$ caused a remarkable increase in the activity of the $K^+-dependent$ phosphatase at low concentrations of $K^+$. 3. In the presence of $Na^+$ and low concentrations of $K^+$, oligomycin activated the p-nitrophenylphosphatase. 4. O1igomycin inhibited the stimulation of the enzyme activity caused by $Na^{+}+ATP$. 5. Ouabain inhibited the $K^+-dependent$ p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity more in the presence of ATP and $Na^+$ than in their absence. 6. Quinidine inhibited both $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase. These inhibitory effects of the drug were partially antagonized by increasing $K^+$ concentrations. The sensitivity of the $K^+-dependent$ p-nitrophenylphosphatase to quinidine was greater than the that of $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1291-1296
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• 2007

The expressions of c-Fos and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) represent neuronal activity and play' a crucial role in the shaping of the development of brain. During the late pregnancy, stresses may influence neuronal activity of prenatal rats. In the present study, the effects of prenatal noise and music on the expressions of c-Fos and NOS in the hippocampus of rat pups were investigated. Exposure to the noise during pregnancy decreased c-Fos and NOS expressions in the hippocampus of rat pups, whereas exposure to music during pregnancy increased c-Fos and NOS expressions in the hippocampus of rat pups. The present results show that prenatal music stimulation may increase neuronal activity of rat offspring, whereas exposure to noise during pregnancy may reduce the neuronal activity of offspring. The present study suggests that prenatal stimuli including noise and music could affect the fetal brain development.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and clinical efficacy of motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring for supratentorial tumor surgery. Methods : Between 2010 and 2012, to prevent postoperative motor deterioration, MEP recording after transcranial stimulation was performed in 84 patients with supratentorial brain tumors (45 males, 39 females; age range, 24-80 years; median age, 58 years). MEP monitoring results were correlated with postoperative motor outcome compared to preoperative motor status. Results : MEP recordings were stable in amplitude (<50% reduction in amplitude) during surgery in 77 patients (91.7%). No postoperative motor deficit was found in 66 out of 77 patients with stable MEP amplitudes. However, postoperative paresis developed in 11 patients. False negative findings were associated with edema in peri-resectional regions and postoperative bleeding in the tumor bed. MEP decrease in amplitude (>50%) occurred in seven patients (8.3%). However, no deficit occurred postoperatively in four patients following preventive management during the operation. Three patients had permanent paresis, which could have been associated with vascular injury during tumor resection. Conclusions : MEP monitoring during supratentorial tumor surgery is feasible and safe. However, false negative MEP results associated with postoperative events may occur in some patients. To achieve successful monitoring, collaboration between surgeon, anesthesiologist and an experienced technician is mandatory.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1997

Carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant, has beeen reported to displace ligands at adenosine receptors. Several studies have demonstrated that as far as $A_2$adenosine receptors is concerned, CBZ acts as an antagonist. However, the situation with regard to Al receptors is less straightforward. In this study, we describe the effects of one-week CBZ treatment (25 mg/kg/day) on cerebrocortical $A_1$ adenosine receptors. $A_1$ adenosine receptor bindings as determined by using $[^3CH]DPCPX$ was not significantly altered in membranes prepared from CBZ-treated rats. However, there was a significant decrease in the $A_1$ adenosine receptor-mediated stimulation of $[^{35}S]GTP_{\gamma}S$ binding to cerebrocortical membranes prepared from CBZ-treated rats (20.0% decrease in basal activity; 17.8% decrease in maximal activity). The basal and $10^{-4}$ M forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were relatively unaffected by CBZ treatment, but 10 mM NaF-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was significantly reduced in CBZ-treated rats. It appears that one-week CBZ treatment caused an uncoupling of adenosine receptors from G proteins without alteration of $A_1$ adenosine receptor molecules, suggesting that CBZ acts as an agonist at $A_1$ adenosine receptors in rat brain.