• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.831-841
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• 2001

Objective : Somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEPs) have been used widely both experimentally and clinically to monitor the function of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Studies of SSEPs have reported the various recording techniques and patterns of SSEP. The previous SSEP studies used scalp recording electrodes, showed mean vector potentials which included relatively constant brainstem potentials(far-field potentials) and unstable thalamocortical pathway potentials(near-field potentials). Even in invasive SSEP recording methods, thalamocortical potentials were variable according to the kinds, depths, and distance of two electrodes. So they were regarded improper method for monitoring of upper level of brainstem. The present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of somatosensory evoked field potentials(SSEFPs) of the cerebral cortex that evoked by hindlimb stimulation using ball electrode and the pathways of SSEFP by recording the potentials simultaneously in the cortex, VPL nucleus of thalamus, and nucleus gracilis. Methods : In the first experiment, a specially designed recording electrode was inserted into the cerebral cortex perpendicular to the cortical surface in order to recording the constant cortical field potentials and SSEFPs mapped from different areas of somatosensory cortex were analyzed. In the second experiment, SSEPs were recorded in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis, the contralateral ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus(VPL), and the cerebral cortex along the conduction pathway of somatosensory information. Results : In the first experiment, we could constantly obtain the SSEFPs in cerebral cortex following the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the hind limb, and it revealed that the first large positive and following negative waves were largest at the 2mm posterior and 2mm lateral to the bregma in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. The second experiment showed that the SSEPs were conducted by way of posterior column somatosensory pathway and thalamocortical pathway and that specific patterns of the SSEPs were recorded from the nucleus gracilis, VPL, and cerebral cortex. Conclusion : The specially designed recording electrode was found to be very useful in recording the localized SSEFPs and the transcutaneous electrical stimulation using ball electrode was effective in evoking SSEPs. The characteristic shapes, latencies, and conduction velocities of each potentials are expected to be used the fundamental data for the future study of brain functions, including the hydrocephalus model, middle cerebral artery ischemia model, and so forth.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2010

본 논문은 유발전위(evoked potential) 뇌파인 P300에 기반한 뇌-기계 인터페이스의 실시간 구현을 위한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. P300 뇌파는 외부 시각 자극이 인간의 의지와 일치할 경우, 100-300ms 부근에서 negative pick를 갖는 특성이 있다. 이러한 특성에 기초하여 P300 뇌파의 포텐셜(potential) 감소를 감지하여 인간의 의도를 역으로 추론할 수 있으며, 이를 뇌-기계 인터페이스에 활용할 수 있다. 연구에서 P300 뇌파는 인간의 두개골 외부에 부착된 전극을 통해 얻어졌으며, 시각적 자극으로는 2차원 알파벳 신호를 사용하였다. P300 뇌파의 포텐셜 감소 검출을 위하여 뇌파 포텐셜을 자극과 연계하여 확률적으로 모델링하였다. 확률적 모델은 피실험자가 의도하는 신호의 모델(target model)과 의도하지 않는 신호의 모델(non-target model)로 구성된다. 이러한 확률적 모델에 기반하여 피실험자의 의도를 추론하기 위해서 최우추정법(maximum likelihood estimation)을 사용하였다. 실험에는 신체 건강한 성인 남자 3명이 참가하였으며, 'A'와 'E' 실험에 대한 피실험자 k의 평균 성공률은 98%, 피실험자 j의 평균 성공률 90%, 그리고 피실험자 h의 성공률은 79.8%였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.11
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• 2021

Background: Scalding burn injuries can occur in everyday life but occur more frequently in young children. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective burn treatments. Objectives: This study examined the effects of bee venom (BV) stimulation on scalding burn injury-induced nociception in mice as a new treatment for burn pain. Methods: To develop a burn injury model, the right hind paw was immersed temporarily in hot water (65℃, 3 seconds). Immediately after the burn, BV (0.01, 0.02, or 0.1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral knee area once daily for 14 days. A von Frey test was performed to assess the nociceptive response, and the altered walking parameters were evaluated using an automated gait analysis system. In addition, the peripheral and central expression changes in substance P (Sub P) were measured in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord by immunofluorescence. Results: Repeated BV treatment at the 2 higher doses used in this study (0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg) alleviated the pain responses remarkably and recovered the gait performances to the level of acetaminophen (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, once daily), which used as the positive control group. Moreover, BV stimulation had an inhibitory effect on the increased expression of Sub P in the peripheral and central nervous systems by a burn injury. Conclusions: These results suggest that a peripheral BV treatment may have positive potency in treating burn-induced pain.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2023

본 연구는 신경과학과 임상의학 분야에서 의료영상 촬영에 활용될 수 있는 비용-효율적인 뇌 신경조절 장비 개발하고자 하였습니다. 이를 위해, 500달러 미만의 재료비로 뇌 신경조절 장비를 설계하고, 이를 제작하여, 그 성능을 평가하였다. 측정된 성능평가 결과는 기존 의료기기와 유사하였으며, 그 크기는 3 cm by 3 cm 이하로 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 관련 분야의 연구 개발 및 신경 자극 기술의 신속한 상용화 등에 활용될 수 있을 것이라 기대됩니다. 또한 기능적 방사선 의료영상 기술의 발전 및 뇌과학 및 뇌 자극기술 개발의 접근성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대됩니다.

• 신경정신의학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

Despite the fact that pharmacotherapy depressive disorders have proven efficacy, a substantial number of patients are resistant to conventional management. As neuroscientific research about pathophysiology of depression have accumulated, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have emerged as an important mechanism-based treatment modality. This overview provides a review of therapeutic application of rTMS and tDCS in patients with depression. The clinical and basic studies of rTMS and tDCS in depression were reviewed and integrated using a literature review and interview with experts. rTMS is a noninvasive procedure of a localized pulsed magnetic field to the surface of the head to cause a depolarization of neurons in the brain cortex. tDCS has a mechanism of modulating cortical excitability in a polarity-specific manner without eliciting action potentials. rTMS and tDCS seem promising for treating depression. Although therapeutic parameters and further technical improvement remain to be systematically investigated, rTMS and tDCS would be a safe and effective intervention to treat depression.

• 재활복지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.237-255
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• 2014

특발성 파킨슨병(idiopathic Parkinson disease, IPD)은 알 수 없는 원인으로 인해 중뇌의 흑질신경세포가 손실되는 대표적인 퇴행성 신경계 질환이다. IPD 환자는 신체 운동 이상을 주로 호소하지만 이들 중 70~90%가 운동저하형 마비말장애(hypokinetic dysarthria)를 동반하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 진행된 심도의 IPD 환자의 운동 증상 호전에 가장 효과적인 치료 방법으로 알려진 시상밑부핵 심부뇌자극술(subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, STN-DBS)은 말 산출에서는 그 효과가 일관되지 않게 보고된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 STN-DBS가 말 산출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 연구에서 어떠한 말 평가 과제가 사용되었는지를 조사하기 위하여 medline을 통해 2012까지 이루어진 연구 논문을 수집하였다. 총 32편 중, 연구대상자들에서 술 후 말 상태의'호전'이 관찰된 논문은 42%,'악화'는 29%,'엇갈리는 결과'는 26%,'변화 없음'은 3%로 확인되었다. 말 효과 간에는 문맥발화(contextual speech)가 연구에 사용된 비중이 높을수록 술 후 말 상태는 부정적인 결과로 보고되었으며, 말 산출 단계 중 일부 단계(예: 호흡 및 발성만, 혹은 조음만)만이 반영된 평가 과제가 연구마다 선택적으로 사용되었음을 확인하였다. 이에 본 연구는 STN-DBS를 받은 IPD 환자의 말 평가는 말 산출 하부 단계를 모두 반영하는 문맥발화 과제를 통일적으로 사용할 것을 제안한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2008

Purpose : This paper focuses on the emerging concept that adult central nervous system neurogenesis can be regulated by various physical activity, enriched environment, and pathological conditions. Neurogenesis-the production of new neuron-is an ongoing process that persists in the adult brain of mammalian, including humans. Result : The adult brain was thought be limited in its regenerative function. However, this concepts changed, recent evidence of neurogenesis in certain adult brain areas such as SVZ(subventricular zone) and SGZ(subgranular zone) in hippocampus, raised possibility for improved treatment for patient with stroke. Neural plasticity has an adaptive purpose, because an ability of the brain to change in response to peripheral stimulation, physical activity, experience, and injury. Conclusions : The major function of the neurogenesis in adult brain seems to be replacing the neuron that die regularly in discrete adult brain regions. These cells are capable of functionally integrating into neighboring neural cells, and reconnecting to the correct neural networks. This review suggest that various intervention, including physical activity, voluntary movement training, skilled forelimb reaching training, and enriched environment, induced neural cell production in certain adult brain, and associated with functional recovery after stroke.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2021

Cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) mapping is a rapidly developing method for visualizing the brain network and estimating cortical excitability. The CCEP comprises the early N1 component the occurs at 10-30 ms poststimulation, indicating anatomic connectivity, and the late N2 component that appears at < 200 ms poststimulation, suggesting long-lasting effective connectivity. A later component at 200-1,000 ms poststimulation can also appear as a delayed response in some studied areas. Such delayed responses occur in areas with changed excitability, such as an epileptogenic zone. CCEP mapping has been used to examine the brain connections causally in functional systems such as the language, auditory, and visual systems as well as in anatomic regions including the frontoparietal neocortices and hippocampal limbic areas. Task-based CCEPs can be used to measure behavior. In addition to evaluations of the brain connectome, single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) can reflect cortical excitability, and so it could be used to predict a seizure onset zone. CCEP brain mapping and SPES investigations could be applied both extraoperatively and intraoperatively. These underused electrophysiologic tools in basic and clinical neuroscience might be powerful methods for providing insight into measures of brain connectivity and dynamics. Analyses of CCEPs might enable us to identify causal relationships between brain areas during cortical processing, and to develop a new paradigm of effective therapeutic neuromodulation in the future.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.943-944
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• 2011

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.208-226
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• 2003

Objective : Recently many studies have showed the evidence of the effect of the acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupuncture on St40 and observed the change of brain activation using fMRI. Methods : To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Fenglong(St40), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). after the needle insertion on right Fenglong(St40), 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. Results & Conclussion : Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Fenglong(St40) activated Brodmann's Areas of 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 22, 30, 40, 42, 43 which may be the central pathways of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Fenglong(St40).