• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1968

Technetium 99m pertechnetate brain scanning were performed in 3 cases of head injury (2 chronic subdural hematomas and 1 acute epidural hematoma), 2 cases of brain abscess and I case of intracerebral hematoma associated with arteriovenous anomaly. In all the cases brain scintigrams showed "hot areas." Literatures on radioisotope scanning of intracranial lesions were briefly reviewed. With the improvement of radioisotope scanner and development of new radiopharmaceuticals brain scanning became a safe and useful screening test for diagnosis of intracranial lesions. Brain scanning can be easily performed even to a moribund patient without any discomfort and risk to the patient which are associated with cerebral angiography or pneumoencephalography. Brain scanning has been useful in diagnosis of brain tumor, brain abscess, subdural hematoma, and cerebral vascular diseases. In 80 to 90% of brain tumors positive scintigrams can be expected. Early studies were done with $^{203}Hg$-Neohydrin or $^{131}I$-serum albumin. With these agents, however, patients receive rather much radiation to the whole body and kidneys. In 1965 Harper introduced $^{99m}Tc$ to reduce radiation dose to the patient and improve statistical variation in isotope scanning.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1987

유기인계(有機燐系) 살충제인 phorate 가 병아리의 Acetylcholin esterase 활성(活性) 저해(沮害)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. Phorate와 그 대사물(代謝物)에 대(對)한 AChE 및 ChE 활성(活性)의 $I_{50}$값은 phosphorothiolate형(型)(표현불가)이 phosphorodithiolate형(型)(표현불가)보다 약(約) $700{\sim}2500$배(培) 낮았으며, 측쇄(側鎖)의 산화(酸化) 상태별(狀態別)로 보면 sulfide>sulfoxide>sulfone의 순(順)으로 $I_{50}$값이 낮은 경향(傾向)이었다. 병아리에 대(對)한 phorate의 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性)은 1.02mg/kg 이었다. Phorate를 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性) $LD_{50}$값 이하(以下)로 경구(經口) 투여(投與)하였을 때 투여(投與) 후(後) 초기(初期)에는 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성(活性)이 뇌(腦) AChE 활성(活性)보다 더 크게 저해(沮害)되었으나, 효소활성(酵素活性)의 회부(回復)은 뇌(腦) AChE 보다 혈장(血漿) ChE 가 더 빠른 경향(傾向)을 보였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1984

Relationship between hypertension and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat brain and the change of this relationship by presynaptic ${\alpha}-receptor$ agonist were studied. Animals were divided into three groups. Group I was composed of normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (NR), group II of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and group III of acquired hypertensive rats induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and NaCl treatment. Clonidine, a presynaptic ${\alpha}-receptor$ agonist, was administered to groups II and III. Blood pressures and MAO activities were measured in each group. MAO activities in the brain of SHR were lower than those of NR. Animals in group II received clonidine which lowered blood pressures but did not change MAO activities in the brain. DOCA and NaCl induced hypertension 21 days after these treatments in group III and did not cause any changes in brain MAO activity. Clonidine lowered blood pressures of group III but did not change MAO activities. The data from the present study suggest that abnormaly low MAO activities in SHR brain may be one of the underlying factors for the susceptibility to hypertension and that the decrease in noradrenergic neuronal activities through presynaptic ${\alpha}-receptor$ activation by clonidine may not be related to the changes of brain MAO activities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1988

Terbufos 및 phorate와 그 대사물(代謝物)에 대(對)한 각각(各各)의 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性) $LD_{50}$값 및 효소활성저해율(酵素活性沮害率)과 투여량반응(投與量反應)과의 관계(關係)를 규명(糾明)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 병아리에 대(對)한 terbufos의 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性) $LD_{50}$은 1.82mg/kg이었으며, $P=S,SO_2$는 2.85mg/kg, P=S,SO, P=O,S, P=O,SO, 및 $P=O,SO_2$는 $0.30{\sim}0.79mg/kg$ 범위(範圍)이었다. 또한 phorate는 1.02mg/kg 이었으며, $P=S,SO_2$는 1.73mg/kg, P=S,SO, P=O,S, P=O,SO 및 $P=O,SO_2$는 $0.36{\sim}0.63mg/kg$범위(範圍)이었다. 약제(藥劑)를 경구투여(經口投與)하고 60분(分) 후(後)에 측정(測定)한 뇌(腦) AChE 및 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성(活性) 저해(沮害) 해율(害率)과 투여용량(投輿用量)과는 Y=a+b(-log X)[Y=효소활성(酵素活性)(%), X=투여량(投與量)]식(式)에 잘 적용(適用)되었다. Terbufos 및 phorate와 그 대사물(代謝物)에 대(對)한 각각(各各)의 투여반응곡선(投與反應曲線)에서, 뇌(腦) AChE 활성(活性) 및 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성(活性)의 50%를 저해(沮害)시킬 수 있는 투여량(投與量)은 각각(各各) 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性) $LD_{50}$의 $35.3{\pm}6.8%$와 $17.4{\pm}3.6%$이었다. 또한 각각(各各)의 화합물(化合物)에 대(對)한 급성경구독성(急性經口毒性) $LD_{50}$ 투여량(投與量)에서는 뇌(腦) AChE 및 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성저해(活性沮害)가 각각(各各) $83.7{\pm}3.9%$ 및 $93.3{\pm}2.2%$이었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.167-180
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• 1999

Cervus elaphus, being known to reinforce Kidney, have tested to study the effects concerning damages of brain tissue induced by lipid peroxidation. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in brain tissue was decreased proportinally according to dose by Cervus elaphus extract solution for aqua-acupuncture (CESAA). It was much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with Fe(II). And, it was seen proportinally decrease according to the dose of CESAA on xanthine oxidase activities and type conversion ratio. However, I can not find special changes about aldehyde oxidase activities. And, I had observed the effects of CESAA on damages of rat's brain following ischemia and reflow. Before ischemia was caused, CESAA was applied 0.2 ml per 250 g through femoral vein in ischemia and reflow group and normal sailine was applied in normal group. Ischemia was caused by cervical artery's clamp for 30 min and reflowed by clamp remove after 15 min. It was increased on the content of lipid peroxidation, activies and type conversion ratio of xanthine oxidase following ischemia and reflow. However, they were decreased when CESAA was pre-appllied. However, it could not seen special changes on aldehyde oxidase activities, either. In conclusion. CESAA recovers the damage of brain due to ischemia and reflow by decreasing the lipid peroxidation through decreasing of xanthine oxidase activies and type conversion ratio.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to clarify the histopathological changes of pigs naturally infected with hog cholera. Microscopic observations of the brain as well as clinical observations were carried out for the naturally and experimentally infected pigs with hog cholera viruses. Electron microscopically the vascular cuffings of the brain were also observed in the experiment. In addition, clinical and pathological studios were carried out in the rabbits inoculated with ALD, lapinized and isolated strain of hog cholera virus, respectively. The results obtained are as follows; Vascular cuffing of the brain was observed in about 97% of the natural cases and all of the experimental cases. Among the 496 cuffed blood vessels of natural cases, intramural cuffing (82.9%), intramural and perivascular cuffing (11.9%) and perivascular cuffing (5.2%) were seen, respectively. Electron microscopic findings on cuffed blood vessels of the brain were endothelial cellular degeneration, intramural separation and vacuolation, perivascular vacuolation and infiltration of pleomorphic lymphoid cells. In the rabbits dosed with tissue suspension of the lymphoid organs and isolated hog cholera virus, high body temperature and vascular cuffing of the brain were observed, meanwhile these changes were more significant in pre-injected cased with indian ink.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.348-364
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• 1995

Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and -yang, were tested for the effects of on free radical generating enzyme and lipid peroxidation in senile rat brain. In vitro, levels of lipid peroxide in tissues of brain were proportionally decreased to concentration of extracts prepared from Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum. They were much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron ($Fe^{-2}$). In vivo, after both berbs were administered to the rat. levels of lipid peroxide in brain were decreased. especially it was much more decreased using Jwagyuyeum. Also, enzyme activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in brain were decreased. The ratio of type conversion of the brain xanthine oxidase was lowered in both, especially Jwagyuyeum was much more done. These results suggest that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum decrease the activities of free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase which form lipid peroxide, Consequently both herbs might delay aging.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1970

The present study is concerned with the demonstration of the relationship between the behavior and the brain concentration of noradrenaline resulted from pretreatment of amphetamine in isolated or aggregated rats. The experimental subjects were rats weighing from 120g to 200g housed 1, 2, and 6 in a cage. Analeptic activity of amphetamine was measured by determining the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital sod. The noradrenaline content in brain was determined with Aminco-Bowmann's spectro-photofluorometer by Lee's modification of Shore and Olin method. Results: 1) The analeptic activity of amphetamine on the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital sod. was more increased in the grouped rats than in isolated animal. 2) In being isolated and grouped rats, the sleeping time induced pentobarital sod, was markedly prolonged by pretreatment of amphetamine. 3) Means of housing rats, e.g., isolation or aggregation did not seem to affect the brain noradrenaline depleting action. 4) Repeated daily parenteral administration of amphetamine sulfate for a period 1 to 3 weeks resulted in decrement of brain noradrenaline concentration in being isolated and grouped rats. 5) The prolongation of sleeping time of the isolated or aggregated rats, when pretreated with amphetamine, compared with that of stock rats, seems to be attributable rather to the means of housing than the variation of the noradrenaline caused by amphetamine.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제3권
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• pp.91-106
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• 1994

This Study was performed to prove the effects of Gungsindodamtang (GDT) and Dangquibohyultang (DBT) on the cosntents of Serotonin and Catecholamine in the Brain and the Plasma of the Reserpine treated rats. High-Perfomance Liquid Chromatography was used for measuring the contents of the Serotonin and Catecholamine. The results were as follows. 1. norepinephrine contents in the Brain were increased significantly in GDT-treated group and DBT-treated group in comparison with the control group. 2. epinephrine and serotonin contents in the Brain were increased in all the sample groups but have not significance. 3. norepinephrine contents in the plasma were increased significantly in all the sample groups in comparison with the control group. 4. epinephrine contents in the plasma were increased in all the sample groups but have not significance. 5. serotonin contents in the plasma were increased significantly in DBT-treated group in comparison with the control group, and inreased in GDT-treated group but have not significance. According to the above results, it is considered that Dangquibohyultang could be applied more effectively than Gungsindodamtang in decrease of the serotonin and catecholamine and other symptoms induced by Reserpine.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2011

Objectives : This study explores perspectives, reasons, functions of dreams in order to develop a treatment model. Methods : We searched CNKI, KISS, NDSL. Papers published since 2002, which are classified in categories. Results : 1. The Recognitions about the dream of Oriental Medicine is based on "Hwangjenaegyeong Eumsabalmong(黃帝內經 淫邪發夢)". 2. By each era, There are a variety of etiological causes, stages. 3. Dreams are generated by the internal stimuli Physiological activities of the Jangbu(臟腑),Deficiencies of yin and yang(陰陽), Pathological changes in the Jangbu(臟腑), Pathology products, external stimuli Yukeum(六淫), Eumsiksang(飮食傷), and unusual feelings. 4. Spirit(神) comes from brain(腦), not heart(心). So what we call brain spirit(腦神) is right. Dreams are the mental activity related to the brain. 5. Dreams are the reflection of the pathological changes of the human body. And it shows the development, changes and prognosis of disease. Dreams sometimes illustrate the incidence of the disease Conclusions : We organized perspectives, Causes and Functions of dreams mentioned in Oriental Medicine Literatures. Health is closely related to the dream. Therefore, we propose that the dream is worth for the diagnosis and treatment in oriental medicine.