• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.378-386
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a major cause of abnormal overgrowth of the prostate mainly in the elderly. Corni Fructus has been reported to be effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases because of its strong antioxidant effect, but its efficacy against BPH is not yet known. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Corni Fructus water extract (CF) in testosterone-induced BPH rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: To induce BPH, rats were intraperitoneal injected with testosterone propionate (TP). Rats in the treatment group were orally administered with CF with TP injection, and finasteride, which is a selective inhibitor of $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2, was used as a positive control. RESULTS: Our results showed that the increased prostate weight and histopathological changes in BPH model rats were suppressed by CF treatment. CF, similar to the finasteride-treated group, decreased the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by TP treatment in the serum, and it also reduced $5{\alpha}$-reductase expression and concentration in prostate tissue and serum, respectively. In addition, CF significantly blocked the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), AR co-activators, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BPH rats, and this blocking was associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in serum and prostate tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CF may weaken the BPH status through the inactivation of at least $5{\alpha}$-reductase and AR activity and may be useful for the clinical treatment of BPH.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.804-810
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• 1999

There is a possibility that carvone, a monoterpene from spearmint (Mentha spicata), could induce the bph degradative pathway and genes in Alcaligenes eutrophus H850, which is a known Gram-negative PCB degrader with a broad substrate specificity that was thoroughly investigated with Arthrobacter sp. BIB, a Gram-positive PCB degrader. The strains BIB and H850 were unable to utilize and grow on the plant terpene [(R)-(-)-carvone] (50ppm) to be recognized as a sole carbon source. Nevertheless, the carvone did induce 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (encoded by bphC) in the strain B lB, as observed by a resting cell assay that monitors accumulation of a yellow meta ring fission product from 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCBp). The monoterpene, however, did not appear to induce the meta cleavage pathway in the strain H850. Instead, an assumption was made that the strain might be using an alternative pathway, probably the ortho-cleavage pathway. A reverse transcription (RT)-PCR system, utilizing primers designed from a conserved region of the bphC gene of Arthrobacter sp. M5, was employed to verify the occurrence of the alternative pathway. A successful amplification (182bp) of mRNA transcribed from the N-terminal region of the bphC gene was accomplished in H850 cells induced by carvone (50ppm) as well as in biphenyl-growth cells. It is, therefore, likely that H850 possesses a specific PCB degradation pathway and hence a different substrate specificity compared with B1B. This study will contribute to an elucidation of the dynamic aspects of PCB bioremediation in terms of roles played by PCB degraders and plant terpenes as natural inducer substrates that are ubiquitous and environmentally compatible.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

This study presents a case study designed to compare the selection efficiency between phenotypic selection (PS) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding of resistance lines to brown planthopper (BPH). The efficiency between PS and MAS were compared with four population such as the $F_2$, RILs ($F_6$), DH, and backcrosse ($BC_6F_5$) population, derived from a cross 'Samgang / Nagdong'. The resistance lines were selected using two markers, RM28493 and BpE18-3, related to BPH resistance were screened as resistance lines over 95% in PS. The costs required for BPH screening in the MAS system account for approximately 32% of the total costs of PS. The period needed to select the resistance plants was 30 days in PS and 7 days in MAS. Based on the results, we could establish the breeding system for selection of BPH resistance lines by MAS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.798-803
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• 2020

Late in the 1960s, South Korea established cultivation technology and began breeding new "Tongil" type rice cultivars by crossing indica and japonica. To date, this cultivation technique has been used to produce a wide variety of cultivars to meet consumer preferences and adapt to extreme weather conditions. Once major genetic traits are no longer segregated through advanced generations, varieties obtained from a cross between different crops may become a new variety. In this study, we confirmed the agronomic traits of F₄, F₅, and F₆ by advanced generation a population in which drought tolerance and brown planthopper (BPH) resistance were crossed. HV23, Ilmi/HV23, and Drimi2ho/HV23 were used. HV23 was drought-tolerant, and Drimi2ho was resistant to BPH. As a result, it was possible to consider that the agronomic traits were fixed because none of them showed a significant difference from the others. While it takes more than 10 years for the pedigree method of breeding, this study confirmed that the agronomic traits were fixed in 4-6 years. In the future, we will investigate the homology of the CaMsrB2 gene and the Bph1 gene, to confirm that both genes are closely related to each other, and analyze the stable inheritance of the introduced gene for multiple successive generations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2053-2058
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• 2013

Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms more than 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all human cancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer in comparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100 subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancer patients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India. Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer ($67.6{\pm}5.72$) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH ($63.6{\pm}7.92$) patients. Expression of VEGF-A was not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8 pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion of patients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancer prostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was not found to be a useful biomarker.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.453-456
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• 2005

This study was carried out to select DNA markers closely linked to brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar 'Cheongcheong­byeo'. For the mapping of resistant gene to BPH, a doubled-haploid (DH) population was developed by anther culture of $F_1$ plants from a cross 'Cheongcheong­byeo/Nagdongbyeo'. In BPH bioassay and marker screen­ing for the DH population, the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants to BPH fitted to a 1:1 ratio. A total of 310 RAPDs of 520 markers showed polymorphism in parental survey using 'Cheongcheongbyeo' and 'Nag­dongbyeo'. In the analysis of relationship between BPH resistance and marker pattern for 40 DH lines, the OPE16 produced a specific dominant fragment, 700 bp, which was closely linked with BPH resistance gene of 'Cheong­cheongbyeo'. Based on the linkage analysis using 7 markers, BPH resistance of 'Cheongcheongbyeo' was mapped on chromosome 12, which was closely linked with $OPE16_{700}$ at a distance of 4.6 cM.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1989

To investigate the possibility of the BPH control by systematic application of insecticides, biological effects of buprofezin and isoprothiolane upon the BPH population was evaluated in the laboratory and pot. Both chemicals did not affect the developmental period of the nymphal stage with the applied dosages. When the buprofezin treated instar nymph was developed to the adult, adult's longevity was fairly reduced and such an effect of buprofezin was greater upon the younger instar nymphs. Residual effect of buprofezin was about 30 days in the pot. And it could suppress the BPH population when the younger instar nymphs were dominant age group in the population at the time of treatment. Isoprothiolane was also more effective for the suppression of the BPH population when the younger instar nymphs were dominant at the time of treatment. And it was expected that by buprofezin treatment in July the control effect of isoprothiolane against the BPH population could be maximized when it was treated to control the rice neck blast in late July or early August, because buprofezin could induce the biased population age distribution in which younger instar nymphs were main group at the time of isoprothiolane treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2021

Objectives: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive pathological condition characterized by excessive proliferation of the prostate. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Corni Fructus water extract (CF) on the promotion of prostate cell proliferation by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Methods: The effect of CF on the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cells was evaluated, and DHT was treated to induce an in vitro BPH model. To study the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation and BPH by CF, changes in the expression of key factors related to cell cycle and BPH were investigated. We further investigated the effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CF. Results: Inhibition of LNCaP cell proliferation by CF was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin A and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. CF also suppressed expression of BPH inducing factors such as 5α-reductase type 2 and androgen receptor (AR) as well as prostate specific antigen (PSA). Furthermore, CF significantly blocked DHT-induced LNCaP cell proliferation and effectively attenuated DHT-induced expression of BPH mediators and cyclins. In addition, CF inhibited DHT-induced oxidative and inflammatory reactions by inhibiting production of ROS and NO. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CF probably acted as 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitor, preventing the 5α-reductase type 2-AR signaling pathway, thereby reducing the conversion of testosterone to DHT and the expression of PSA, which is at least correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CF.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.2 s.63
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• pp.65-70
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• 1985

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens ($St{\aa}l$) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera(Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on the same host plant Five rice cultivars with different reactions to BPH biotype 2 were used in the study on BPH-Rhizoctonia solani relationship: IR22 and TN1 (susceptible); Triveni and ASD7 (moderately resistant); and IR42 (resistant). Test plants were inoculated with R. solani (Kuhn) $3{\sim}4$days after insect infestation. Sheath blight disease severity/incidence was significantly higher in the treatment where BPH+R. solani were together than in the treatment with only the pathogen. Symptom expression of the disease in the BPH-pathogen combination was faster and mycelial growth was more profuse inducing the formation of more infection structures. Regardless of varietal reaction to BPH biotype 2, the degree of hopperburn was significantly higher in the combination of the two pests as compared with that of BPH alone. There could be a synergistic relationship between the insect pest and the pathogen indicated by a positive interaction between the two species.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2009

Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a multifaceted phenomenon that is due to prostatic and bladder influences as well as nonurological causes. It is also important to differentiate between the more common voiding or obstructive symptoms as well as the more bothersome storage or irritative symptoms. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPH may be two separate conditions with different underlying pathologies. However, they are often treated incorrectly as one entity. Both conditions are very common and they represent chronic conditions of the aging male. They are often associated with a significant reduction in the patients' quality of life. Although these are not new conditions, there have been enormous changes in the methods of assessing and managing the patients with these conditions. This review describes some of the influential studies in this area and the current trends of the primary treatment for LUTS/BPH.