• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.934-942
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers on the serum lipid level and bowel function in aged rats. Fiber sources of experimental diets were made from mugwort(M), butterbur(B), apple(A), sea mustard(S) by drying and milling. Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet at the level of 5, 15% of diet. Sprague-Dawley strain, 13 month old male rats were divided into 9 groups by randomized complete block design : C, M5, B5, A5, S5, M15, B15, A15, S15. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Control group showed lower food intake compare to the other groups. There were no significant difference between 5% groups and 15% groups in food intake. Fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content of control group were significantly lower than those of experimental groups, and fecal water content was increased by increasing level of dietary fibber. Apple group showed the lowest values, sea mustard group showed the highest. The shorter transit time was observed in the group of higher intake of dietary fiber. At the same level of dietary fiber, transit time of sea mustard group was shorter than the other groups. With increasing age, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol were increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased. Fiber fed groups showed lower serum TG, TC and higher HDL-c level compare to the control group. Absorption rates of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was tend to be lower in the group fed dietary fiber sources than control group. Mucosa weight and maltase activity in the small intestine were decreased by increasing age. As intake of dietary fiber increaed, mucosa weight in the small intestine was not different but maltase activity was decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2004

Scutellariae Radix (Scu.), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process of inflammation, allergy and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the Oriental medicine to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix on the spleen lymphocyte immune function in the Balb/c female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Water extract of Scutellariae Radix (100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 2 weeks of experimental period. Mice were divided into three experimental groups randomly: DSS group (5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as control group, DSS ＋ Scu. (water extracts of Scutellariae Radix for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as experimental group, and DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group (Sulfasalazine for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as positive control group. Levels of Ig A, Ig E, CD4$^{＋}$, CD8$^{＋}$, TNF-$\alpha$ and other cytokines were measured. Treatment of DSS for 5 days induced bowel inflammation and the treatment with Scu. water exteract and sulfasalazine significantly recovered the damage. The length of intestine of DSS group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. The serum and fecal concentration of Ig A of SS ＋ Scu group was higher than those of DSS group. The contents of CD4$^{＋}$ T cells was higher in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than the other groups and CD8$^{＋}$ T cells was the lowest in DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group. The Ig A level of cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the highest, while the Ig E level was the lowest in SS ＋ Scu group. The concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, cytokine secreted from the Th1 cell in the supernatant spleen lymphocyte, was the highest in the DSS group and the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group. The concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ and ll...-12 was lower in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than those of the other groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group but IL-10 was not significantly different. Based on these findings, water extract of Scutellariae Radix exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of Ig E and strengthened immune system, and alleviated injury in DSS- induced colitis mice model.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.303-329
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• 2019

Intestinal failure (IF) is the critical reduction of the gut mass or its function below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids required for adequate growth in children. Severe IF requires parenteral nutrition (PN). Pediatric IF is most commonly due to congenital or neonatal intestinal diseases or malformations divided into 3 groups: 1) reduced intestinal length and consequently reduced absorptive surface, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS) or extensive aganglionosis; 2) abnormal development of the intestinal mucosa such as congenital diseases of enterocyte development; 3) extensive motility dysfunction such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes. The leading cause of IF in childhood is the SBS. In clinical practice the degree of IF may be indirectly measured by the level of PN required for normal or catch up growth. Other indicators such as serum citrulline have not proven to be highly reliable prognostic factors in children. The last decades have allowed the development of highly sophisticated nutrient solutions consisting of optimal combinations of macronutrients and micronutrients as well as guidelines, promoting PN as a safe and efficient feeding technique. However, IF that requires long-term PN may be associated with various complications including infections, growth failure, metabolic disorders, and bone disease. IF Associated Liver Disease may be a limiting factor. However, changes in the global management of IF pediatric patients, especially since the setup of intestinal rehabilitation centres did change the prognosis thus limiting "nutritional failure" which is considered as a major indication for intestinal transplantation (ITx) or combined liver-ITx.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) cause paralysed muscles to contract in some clinical circumstances. Generally, FES has been thought of as a valuable tool in activating any skeletal muscle paralysed as a result of upper motor neuron damage. But, the function of cardiac and smooth muscle is also affected by upper motor neuron damage. Today, various applications of FES are investigated, including conditioning cardiovascular exercise, caugh and breathing assistant, improving bowel and bladder control, hand grasp, standing and walking etc. This review will focus on the literature reporting application of FES to control respiratory capabilities and internal organ function as well as increase muscular strength, hand grasp, standing and walking in patients with upper motor diseases.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.99-107
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• 1995

The aim of this studies was to elucidate the meaning, theoretical propriety and use of the Sea points in PYOYOUBU. The results obtained were as follows : We reached a conclusion that Sea points, that is to say Xuehai($SP_{30}$), Xiaohai($SI_8$), Shaohai($HT_3$), Zhaohai($KI_6$), Qihai ($CV_6$) were gathering places of meridian energy. And the remedial function of Sea points against visera and bowel disease was closely connected with it's meridian pointological naming. Besides the remedial function of Sea points like this was closely connected with the cases in literature cited.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1162-1171
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of a traditional Korean treatment on the symptom improvement and loss of bile juice in cases of functional dyspepsia of gastric dysmotility complicated by bile juice reflux. Methods: Dyspeptic symptoms, gastric motility (electrogastrography and bowel sound analysis), and gastric mucosa (gastroendoscopy) were evaluated. The treatment consisted of Banwhasashim-tang (extract) used as a herbal drug. Both ST36 electrical stimulation and simple immersion stimulation of CV11, 12, and 13 in the abdomen were also applied. Results: Dyspeptic symptoms, including a foreign body sensation in the throat, indigestion, and upper abdominal pain, were all relieved by the treatment and gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric pyloric function were improved. Bile juice disappeared from the gastric mucosa. Conclusion: The traditional Korean treatment was effective at relieving dyspeptic symptoms and bile juice reflux by improving the pyloric sphincter function.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 참다래(키위)로 만든 제품의 장 기능 및 변비 개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 21명으로 주관적 변비 증상을 호소하는 자로서 기저질환을 가지고 있지 않은 일반인이었다. 연구 설계는 사전 실험설계이며 참다래(키위)를 복용하고 이에 대한 주효과인 대장 정체 점수와 대장 통과 시간을 측정한다. 부효과는 주관적 변비 사정검사를 측정하여 개인적으로 변비 개선 정도를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 주효과에 있어 변비군의 숫자가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였으며, 대장 정체 점수 및 대장 통과 시간이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 연구 참여자들의 주관적 변비 사정검사 결과 참다래(키위)제품 섭취 전후 주관적 변비 사정검사에서 통계적으로 유의하게 장 기능 및 배변 활동의 개선을 나타내었다. 참다래(키위)제품이 기존에 알려진 다시마 및 유산균, 섬유질 제품과 유사하게 장 기능 활성화 및 변비 개선에 통계적으로 유의하게 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 본 연구에서 사용한 참다래(키위)가 기능성 식품이 아니며, 접근성이 용이한 과일이라는 장점으로 인해 본 연구의 결과는 향후 배변 활동 도움에 되는 건강식품 콘텐츠 개발에 긍정적 정보를 제공할 것으로 보인다. 하지만 본 연구는 사전 실험설계로서의 한계를 가진다. 이에 향후 무작위 실험군 대조군 연구를 제안하는 바이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.648-654
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 함초에 포함 되어 있는 불용성 식이섬유를 추출 분리 하여 변비가 유발된 흰쥐에서의 다양한 장 기능 개선 효과에 대하여 알아보았다. 실험은 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며 Normal군, Control군, 5% ${\alpha}$-cellulose군, SHDF 5%, SHDF 10%군으로 나누었다. AIN-93 기본식이에 다른 식이섬유를 첨가하여 4주 동안 식이하여 혈청 중 지질 성분의 생화학적 분석, 대변량과 수분 함유량의 변화, 장 통과시간 측정, 분변 중 pH와 담즙산 측정, 대장의 병리조직학적 관찰 등을 통해 결과를 얻었다. 혈중 triglyceride 함량은 Control군에 비해 SHDF 10%군이 유의성 있는 감소를 보여 주었고 심지어, 5% ${\alpha}$-cellulose군과 비교하여 효과적인 감소를 보여주었다. HDL-cholesterol의 함량은 Control군에 비해서 모든 군에서 모두 유의성 있는 증가를 보여 주었다. 채집한 분변의 wet weight와 dry weight는 모두 Control군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으며, 배출된 대변에서의 수분양이 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 분변의 장 통과시간이 Control군에 비해 유의적으로 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 분변의 pH는 Control군에 비해 함초의 식이에 의해 유의성 있는 감소를 모였으며, 담즙산은 유의성 있게 증가했다. 조직의 염색상을 통해 장샘의 길이와 전체적인 형태를 확인한 결과 Control군에 비하여 함초식이군에서 조직의 손상이 회복되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 함초의 불용성 식이섬유는 혈중 triglyceride의 감소와 HDL-cholesterol을 증가시키고, 대변량을 증가시키고 장 통과시간을 단축하여 손상된 장관내 환경을 개선시킴으로써, 장점막층의 빠른 회복을 통하여 변비 등과 같은 장기능 저하에 탁월한 효과를 가질 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2005

위석은 비교적 흔하지 않은 질환이지만, 진단을 못할 경우 위궤양과 출혈, 장천공, 장중첩증, 장폐쇄, 복막염 등의 심각한 합병증을 동반할 수 있는 만성적 복통의 한 원인이며, 모발석 환아의 대부분은 발모벽과 식모증의 과거력이 있다. 저자들은 내원 4년 전까지 자기 머리카락을 뽑아서 먹는 습관이 있었고, 이후 간헐적 복통과 오심, 구토를 일으킨 11세 여아에서 모발석을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.422-433
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• 2018

Objective: Neuropsychiatric manifestations like depression and cognitive dysfunction commonly occur in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the context of the brain-gut axis model, colitis can lead to alteration of brain function in a bottom-up manner. Here, the changes in the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammation-related markers in the brain in colitis were studied. Methods: Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to generate a mouse model of colitis. Mice were treated with DSS for 3 or 7 days and sacrificed. We analyzed the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the expression of GFAP, in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum cortisol/corticosterone were measured. Results: Alteration of inflammatory-related markers varied depending on the brain region and exposure time. In the hippocampus, COX-2 mRNA, GFAP mRNA, and GFAP expression were upregulated during exposure to DSS. However, in the hypothalamus, COX-2 mRNA was upregulated only 3 days after treatment. In the amygdala, BDNF and COX-2 mRNAs were downregulated. CRP and corticosterone expression increased with DSS treatment at day 7. Conclusion: IBD could lead to neuroinflammation in a bottom-up manner, and this effect varied according to brain region. Stress-related hormones and serum inflammatory markers, such as CRP, were upregulated from the third day of DSS treatment. Therefore, early and active intervention is required to prevent psychological and behavioral changes caused by IBD, and region-specific studies can help understand the precise mechanisms by which IBD affects the brain.