• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2004

This study was to prepare the anionic liposomes which were to release anticancer drug (doxorubicin) at the hyperthermia temperature $({\sim}42^{\circ}C)$ and to stabilize in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$. The vesicle size and zeta potential of liposomes in Tris-HCl buffered solution (pH 7.4) were measured by an electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer. To estimate the stability of liposomes, liposome size was measured in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. The release of doxorubicin from liposome was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity using fluorescence spectrophotometry with temperature and time. The size of liposomes was from 120 to 160 nm and zeta potential was from $-33.3{\pm}2.4$ to $-75.6{\pm}6.9\;mV$. Anionic liposome was stabilized in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$ within 72 h. Additionally, the release transition temperature of doxorubicin from liposomes was increased by increasing mole % of anionic phospholipid.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.611-615
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• 1993

A rapid, solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay(EIA) to determine the concentration of progesterone and testosterone in dairy cow is described. Both steroid hormones were analysed employing antibodies against $11{\alpha}$-hemisuccinate-progesterone bovine serum albumin and 4-androsten-$17{\beta}$-ol-3-one-carboxymethyloxime bovine serum albumin, respectively. as primary antibodies and sheep Ig G as secondary antibody. The conjugated used as labels for progesterone and testosterone was progesterone-$11{\alpha}$-hydroxy-hemisuccinate- horseradish peroxidase and 4 ${\alpha}$-androsten-$17{\beta}$-ol-3-hemisuccinate- horseradish peroxidase, respectively. Detection limit of microtitre plate EIA was 6.7 pg/well for progesteone and 1.0 pg/well for testosterone.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-119
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• 1972

Studies on modified complement fixation (MCF) test of antiblackleg bovine serum were made and the results obtained were summarized as followings. 1. The most satisfactory antigen for the MCF test among various materials studied was found to be the vegetative cells of Cl, chauvoei grown in cooked meat medium (CMM) containing 0.5mM l-(alpha) alanine and 0.1mM manganese. The antigen was prepared by inoculating the spores of Cl. chauvoei, heated at $70^{\circ}C$. for 30 minutes, into the CMM followed by incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. for 15 hours. 2. An active component contained in the factor serum of fresh normal rabbit serum was found to be C'4 fraction. It was also shown that, furthermore, DEAE cellulose sieved C'4 fraction of the factor serum enhanced antibody titer and the highest antibody titer was resulted by the addition of 0.03 ml, of the factor serum to each tube. 3. More than four fold increases of antibody titer, in antiblbckleg bovine serum-antigen system, was made with the MCF test than that with the direct complement fixation test. 4. The MCF antibody titer of cattle vaccinated against blackleg was 128 until seven month and 64 for five months thereafter.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

Gender specificity in muscle growth and development is well known. Genesis of muscle is dependent on proliferation and differentiation potential of resident myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) present in muscle fibers. Multipotential capacity of forming myocyte, osteocyte, and adipocyte like cell makes MSCs a unique stem cell. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in determination of muscle quality due to difference in hormone concentration of different gender of animals, MSCs were isolated from bovine skeletal muscle and cultured in male, female, and castrated serum supplemented media. DNA microarray used consisted of 24,000 spots with 70 mer oligo in each spot. A total of 88 genes were up-regulated and 551 genes were down-regulated by more than two fold. Among up-regulated gene, 33, 34, and 21 genes were found up-regulated in cells grown in male, female, and castrated serum, respectively. Interestingly, male serum showed 4, female 11 and castrated male showed 4 genes expressed highly in each gender. Further study on the highly up-regulated gene may unfold the mystery of gender specificity found in muscle development. Also, the identification of differentially expressed genes in gender-specific serum will add information on infrastructure of bovine genome research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.93-107
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• 2009

Objective: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. However, there is not a satisfactory treatment for MN. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Houttuyniae Herba Extract (HHE) on MN induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA). Methods: Mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group, Normal, was injected with saline. The second group, Control, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) only. The third group, HHE-250, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and HHE (250mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group, HHE-500, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and HHE (500mg/kg, p.o). After treatment for 4 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24 hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, IgA, IgM, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ levels and the mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6, and IL-10. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. Results: The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria and serum triglyceride, BUN, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ significantly decreased in both HHE groups, while the level of serum albumin significantly increased in both HHE groups. The mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 in splenocytes considerably increased in both HHE groups. The mRNA expression of IL-10 in splenocytes considerably decreased in both HHE groups. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both HHE groups. Conclusions: This study shows that HHE might be effective for treatment of acute stage MN. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.104-116
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• 2008

Objective : Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome worldwide. MN has been defined as granular subepithelial deposition of IgG immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). We aimed to identify the effects of Chungyeolmaksungbang (CYMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced in MN mouse model. Methods : The effect of Chungyeolmaksungbang treatment was studied on the morphology and protein excretion in the cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA)induced mouse chronic serum sickness nephritis model. One group of mice was given intra-peritoneal (i.p.) immunizing doses of cBSA and complete Freund's adjuvant. One week later, these animals began a single i.p. injection of cBSA for 4 weeks. A second group followed the same injection protocol, but was given CYMSB p.o. Results : Proteinuria significantly was decreased and serum albumin was increased in the group treated with cBSA and CYMSB extract compared with the control. Serum BUN was significantly decreased on CYMSB compared with control. CD3e+/CD19 cells ratio of peripheral blood was decreased and CD4+/CD8 cells was increased. Level of $IL-1{\beta}$ was significantly decreased, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ was significantly increased. Concentration of IgG and IgM was significantly decreased compared with control. Thickness of GBM was decreased on histological analysis of kidney. Deposition of CD4 and CD8 was decreased on immunohistochemical staining of kidney. Conclusions : We conclude that CYMSB treatment may could be a useful remedy agents for treating the MN with cBSA.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.591-597
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• 1992

The organ distribution of $[^3H]$-methotrexate-lactosaminated bovine serum albumin conjugates ($[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA) was investigated to examine their role as a liver-specific anticancer drug. Synthesis of lactosaminated bovine serum albumin(LBSA) with BSA, lactose and sodium cyanoborohydride through reductive amination was followed by its conjugation with methotrexate (MTX) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), thereby synthesizing [$[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates. Organ distribution and plasma elimination profiles were studied in male Wistar rats after intravenous injection of [$[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates. The fates of $[^3H]$-MTX and the $[^3H]$-MTX-BSA conjugates´fates were also investigated for comparison. The results showed that the plasma level of $[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates declined more rapidly than those of $[^3H]$-MTX-BSA and their liver concentration was significantly higher than those of other treatment (p<0.01). In addition, their uptake compared to the amount taken up by the liver (1 : 33.1 at 10 min, 1 : 24.1 at 120 min). All these suggested that MTX-LBSA conjugate is one of the drug delivery system (DDS) that is advanced in concentrating MTX in the liver and minimizing the renal toxicity of MTX.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 1987

The effects of bovine serum albumin, myoinositol and ergosterol on protoplast formation, regeneration and fusion from auxotrophic mutants of Candida pseudotropicalis were examined. Frequency of protoplast formation ranged from 48 to 98% depending on auxotrophic types. When myoinositol (0.5mg/ml) and ergosterol (0.1mg/ml) were supplemented in the medium of cell growth, and bovine serum albumin (4mg/ml)was added to protoplasting buffer, 50-100% of cells were converted to protoplasts. Such a treatment of three additives improved 2.2-3.0 fold of regeneration rate of protoplasts. The fusion frequencies between complementary auxotrophs ranged from $7.0\times 10^{-4}$ to $1.5\times 10^{-3}$ in the optimal conditions. These values showed 1.9-2.3 fold increase when compared with fusion frequencies obtained without the treatment of additives. These results suggested that these comsion frequencies obtained without the treatment of additives. These results suggested that these xompounds may improve protoplast regeneration and fusion between complementary auxotrophs used in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1997

In order to supplement a diagnostic method for detection of infectious cattle to bovine tuberculosis, performed ELISA for detection of antibody to if bovis in serum and milk. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with test of the tuberculin skin test for bovine tuberculosis. The positive corresponding rate of serum ELISA and tuberculin skin test showed 84.3%, milk ELISA and tuberculin skin test showed 75.0%, milk ELISA and serum ELISA showed 75.0% respectively. Comparison of the serum and milk to tuberculin antibody concentration in tuberculin positive cattle, the milk contained 1/100-1/150 concentration compared serum tuberculin concentration. The established ELISA was considered efficient for detection of antibodies to M bovis in serum and milk.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2001

To facilitate the widespread application of somatic cell cloning, improvements in blastocyst production efficiency and subsequent fetal viability are required. Area where technical improvements are needed include donor cell treatments, starvation and passage numbers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of serum-starvation and passage on the development of ear skin fibroblast cells cloned embryos. A skin biopsy was obtained from the ear of a 2-year-old Korean Hanwoo female. The cells were cultured in 10% FBS＋DMEM up to 2-3 months(up to 10 passages) and then used. In Experiment 1, the Korean bovine Ear Skin Fibroblast cells (KbESF) were either serum starved (culture in 0.05% FBS＋DMEM) or serum fed (10% FBS＋DMEM) for 4-7 days Prior to NT In Experiment 2, the KbESF cells used for nuclear transfer in these experiments were from passages 2 to 10. The development of 208 nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed from either serum starved or serum fed ear skin fibroblast was assessed. NT embryos reconstructed from serum starved and serum fed cells showed the same developmental rate (cleavage 80.16 vs. 85.37%; blastocyst 20.63 vs. 19,51%). The development of 590 nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed from passage 2 to 10 was assessed. We observed the same developmental rates for embryos derived from later Passages as compared with those embryos from early passages(blastocyst from 16.69 to 27.91%, average 20.17%). There was no significant difference between serum-fed and serum-starved donor cells. We observed no difference in developmental rates for embryos derived from 2 to 10 passages. These data show that prolonged culture and serum starvation does not affects the cloning competence of adult somatic cells.