• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine modern people's lifestyle and identify their needs by analyzing clothing behavior through city nomads' attitudes in dairy life, tastes, and methods to pursue in their life. This study tries to understand substitute values as ethical life emerging recently, free life style of mental emotion, clothing behaviors, and fashion style represented by the results. Upon observing city nomads' fashion trend, tunics symbolizing flexibility and comfort and simultaneously reflect colors in a monk style or from basic items that have been used. City nomads' fashion trend also reveals androgynous freeness-and-easiness. City nomads reflect a folksy inspiration, and different cultural perspectives appear in a mixed fashion. Multi-purpose gypsy/boho style is ideal for traveling and occupying smaller spaces in line with the nomadic lifestyle reflectings an American casual image partially by way of gypsy or bohemian nuances. Motorcycle jeans symbolizing functionality for traveling are becoming a part of everyday life. The fashions discussed are categorized as urban, tourer, sports and road. Everyday sportswear - athleisure - is attracting attention enabling a healthy and sound lifestyle. Athleisure is fashion wear harmonizing workplace with leisure, and everyday life and social gatherings. Athleisure represents a significant collapse of the boundary of high fashion and street fashion. Urban- tech wear is light and enables modern people to perform garment and gear functions simultaneously, making storage useful using various technical devices by elevating activity and functionality. Urban outdoor fashion holding functionality and adding modern fashion in appearance has appeared.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2018

This paper presents a numerical analysis of flow inside a water nozzle for fire fighting and observes the effect of the variation in primary components on internal flow. In order to observe the performance of water nozzles, they have been systematically designed and modelled, applying boundary conditions obtained from field experiments (inlet pressure at pump : 4 bar, and pressure outlet : atmospheric pressure). In addition, the governing equations were calculated to obtain velocity, pressure inside the nozzle. Two main parameters (the presence and length of sub-pipes) were considered with the aim to observe the detail internal flow characteristics. It is found that the base model is not significant on flow characteristics, but a negative effect (i. e. the reverse flow) at the entrance region of sub-pipe. On the other hand, the reverse flow was vanished when making the length of sub-pipe double.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.02a
• /
• pp.371-372
• /
• 2012

We have studied lead-based gapless semiconductors, $PbPdO_2$, which is very sensitive to external parameters such as temperature, pressure, electric field, etc[1]. We have fabricated pure $PbPdO_2$, Co- and Mn-doped $PbPdO_2$ thin films using the pulsed laser deposition. Because of the volatile element of Pb, it is very difficult to grow the films. Note that in case of $MgB_2$, Mg is also volatile element. So in order to enhance the quality of $MgB_2$, some experiments are carried out in annealing with Mg-rich atmosphere [2]. This annealing process with volatile element plays an important role in making smooth surface. Thus, we applied such process to our studies of $PbPdO_2$ thin films. As a result, we found the optimal condition of ex-situ annealing temperature ${\sim}650^{\circ}C$ and time ~12 hrs. The ex-situ annealing brought the extreme change of surface morphology of thin films. After ex-situ annealing with PbO-rich atmosphere, the grain size of thin film was almost 100 times enlarged for all the thin films and also the PbO impurity phase was smeared out. And from X-ray diffraction measurements, we determined highly crystallized phases after annealing. So, we measured electrical and magnetic properties. Because of reduced grain boundary, the resistivity of ex-situ annealed samples changed smaller than no ex-situ sample. And the carrier densities of thin films were decreased with ex-situ annealing time. In this case, oxygen vacancies were removed by ex-situ annealing. Furthermore, we will discuss the transport and magnetic properties in pure $PbPdO_2$, Co- and Mn-doped $PbPdO_2$ thin films in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 1999

It is estimated that, in the twenty-first century, 70％ of global citizens will live in urban areas. This accelerated urbanization will require a greater need for the building DEM and orthoimagery along with Geographic Information System for urban management. The building DEM requires the detection of outlines showing building shapes. To do this, automatic and semiautomatic building extractions are usually used. However, in cases where automatic extraction is performed directly from the aerial images, accurate building outline extraction is very difficult because of shadow, roof color, and neighboring trees making it hard to discern building roofs. To overcome this problem semiautomatic building extraction was suggested in this paper. When a roof texture was homogeneous, building outline detection was performed by mouse-clicking on a part of the roof. To construct the building outlines when the texture was not homogeneous, a computer program was developed to search out corner points by clicking spots near corner points. The building DEM was generated by taking into account building outlines and heights calculated by image matching.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to simulate inundation and evaluate the applicability of LISFLOOD model to the streams in South Korea by comparing with the inundation map using FLUMEN. The suggested levee breaching scenarios were applied to the LISFLOOD model, and the results obtained from scenarios were evaluated. The modeling results using LISFLOOD by appling the levee breaching scenarios showed 0.2% ~ 42% relative error with FLUMEN model in inundation area. But the relative error of maximum inundation area by overlapping all the flood analysis results from levee breaching scenarios such as the way making flood risk map was approximately 1.2% between two models. Meanwhile, LISFLOOD model was easy to construct input data, DEM as topographic data and discharge hydrograph as upper boundary conditions. And computing time of LISFLOOD was shorter than FLUMEN. Therefore LISFLOOD model can be applied usefully in the region that needs immediate inundation modeling.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.8 no.1 s.15
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2000

A cadastral map that is base map on Land Information System is divided by two categories, graphical and digital cadastre. And digital cadastre can be displayed with location coordinates of nodes that depict parcel boundary on digital cadastral records. The transformation of digital cadastral records means that imported text data of node coordinate would be transformed into system data. This study was implemented to search reasons of errors resulted from transformation of graphic data and then to analyze the accuracy in terms of Position and area. For this, checking of software used in Geo-Spatial Information System was implemented at first and it was found that the accuracy is up by using double precision in coordinate transformation. On the position accuracy the errors at nodes was erased during making topology and the errors did not effect other nodes. On the area may the area errors because of being in error limit of allowable area had no problems in using of system.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.225-241
• /
• 2012

This paper examines the evolution of the systems of innovation approach and its main issues. At first, national systems of innovation have appeared on the purpose to substitute the neoclassical macroeconomic policies. But various criticisms have been raised because of the restriction within national boundary of analysis, the lack of dynamic analysis, the danger of institutional determination, the deficiency of theoretical accuracy in national systems of innovation. Technological systems, regional systems of innovation, sectoral systems of innovation have been developed to overcome criticisms about national systems of innovation. Nevertheless the unsettled questions in the systems of innovation approach remain. The academic and policy-making usefulness of the systems of innovation approach will be expanded by development of the complementary researches within approach.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2020

Bivariate measure of risk and error(BMORE) plot is originally designed to depict bivariate output data and related statistics obtained from a stochastic simulation such as sample mean, median, outliers, and a boundary of a certain percentile of simulation data. When compared to the static numbers, the plot has a big advantage in visualization that enables scholars and practitioners to understand the potential variability and risk in the simulation data. In this study, beyond just the construction of the plot to depict the variability of a certain system, we add a chance constraint to the plot and apply it for decision making such as checking the feasibility of systems, comparing performances of the systems on statistical background, and also analyzing the sensitivity of the problem parameters. In order to demonstrate an application of the plot, we employ an inventory management problem as an example. However, the techniques and algorithms suggested in this paper can be applied to any other problems comparing systems on bivariate performance measures with simulation/experiment results.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2014

Recently, it is considered that the fashion flagship stores are being standardized as they are focusing only on external decorations and that they are hardly expressing their own intrinsic identities. That being the case, the fashion flagship stores are, now, pursuing diversity and are trying for any experimental designs in order to make their spaces more unique than those of other fashion flagship stores are, and regarding customers who would visit the stores, they have this desire to experience spaces, which are all unusual and different, just quickly while they shop. The topic of this study, depaysement which is making it unfamiliar, applies some unfamiliar a stimulus to people, and that makes the users remember this realization of original images and psychological stimuli as long as possible as leading the users to experience those spaces of special values. In the light of that, this study categorizes the features of depaysement into those groups, such as distortion of scales, juxtaposition of foreign materials, fantasy and ambiguity of a boundary, and analyzes the interior spaces of the fashion flagship stores. After all, this study applies depaysement to the fashion flagship stores' interior spaces, which have been all familiarized and standardized through some habitual relations, and works on different stimuli in order to invite the users to experiences of those totally new senses which are different from what the users have been felt in their daily lives. In the end, the study aims to propose ideas for how to design a place attractive enough to make the users revisit the place as after going through such memory process mentioned on the above.