• Wind and Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.553-574
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• 2009

This paper presents statistical analysis results of wind speed and atmospheric turbulence data measured from more than 30 anemometers installed at 15 different height levels on 325 m high Beijing Meteorological Tower and is primarily intended to provide useful information on boundary layer wind characteristics for wind-resistant design of tall buildings and high-rise structures. Profiles of mean wind speed are presented based on the field measurements and are compared with empirical models' predictions. Relevant parameters of atmospheric boundary layer at urban terrain are determined from the measured wind speed profiles. Furthermore, wind velocity data in longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions, which were recorded from an ultrasonic anemometer during windstorms, are analyzed and discussed. Atmospheric turbulence information such as turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral length scale and power spectral densities of the three-dimensional fluctuating wind velocity are presented and used to evaluate the adequacy of existing theoretical and empirical models. The objective of this study is to investigate the profiles of mean wind speed and atmospheric turbulence characteristics over a typical urban area.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.354-357
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• 2008

Drag reduction is one of main concerns for commercial aircraft companies than ever because fuel price has been tripled in ten years. In this research, Natural Laminar Flow airfoil is designed and tested to reduce drag at cruise condition, $c_l$=0.3, Re=3.4${\times}$10$^6$ and M=0.6. NLF airfoil is characterized by delayed transition from laminar to turbulent flow, which comes from maintaining favorable pressure gradient to downstream. Transition is predicted by solving Boundary Layer equations in viscous boundary layer and by solving Euler Equation outside the boundary layer. Once boundary layer thickness and momentum thickness are obtained, $e^N$-method is used for transition point prediction. As results, KARI's NLF airfoil is designed and shows better characteristics than NLF-0115. The characteristics are tested and verified at low Reynolds numbers, but at high Reynolds numbers, laminar flow characteristics are not obtainable because of fully turbulent flow over airfoil surfaces. Precious experiences, however, relating NLF airfoil design, subsonic and transonic tests are acquired.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.718-725
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• 2004

If a wall separates the bounded and unbounded spaces, then the wall’s role in transporting the acoustic characteristics of the two spaces is not well defined. In this paper, we attempted to see how the acoustic characteristics of two spaces are really affected by the spatial characteristics of the wall. In order to understand coupling mechanism, we choose a finite space and a semi-infinite space separated by the flexible or rigid wall and an opening. A volume interaction can be occurred in structure boundary and a pressure Interaction can be happened in the opening boundary. For its simplicity, without loosing generality, we use rather simplified rectangle model instead of generally shaped model. The source impedance is presented to the various types of boundaries. The distributions of pressure and active intensity are also presented at the cavity- and structure-dominated modes. The resulting modification, shifts of modal frequencies and changing of standing wave patterns to satisfy both coupled boundary conditions and governing equations, are presented.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.594-599
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• 2011

본 논문은 마그네슘합금 AZ31의 피로파손수명의 확률론적 특성과 신뢰성에 미치는 경계조건의 영향을 평가하였다. 경계조건으로 시편두께와 응력비 그리고 최대피로하중을 적용하였으며, 각 경계조건별로 세부 실험조건에 대한 피로균열전파실험을 수행하여 피로파손수명에 대한 통계 데이터를 획득하였다. 마그네슘합금의 피로파손수명의 통계적 해석을 위하여 3-모수 와이블분포를 사용하였다. 시편두께가 두꺼울수록, 응력비가 클수록, 그리고 최대피로하중이 작을수록 통계적 피로파손수명이 길게 나타났다. 반면에 시편두께가 얇을수록, 응력비가 작을수록, 그리고 최대피로하중이 클수록 신뢰성이 급격히 감소하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a data hiding technique that effectively hides confidential data in the LSB of an image pixel by using the characteristics of the neighboring pixels of the image and the encryption techniques. In the proposed technique, the boundary surface of the image and the flat surface with little change in pixel values are investigated. At the boundary surface of the image, 1 bit of confidential data is encrypted and hidden in the LSB of the boundary pixel to preserve the characteristics of the boundary surface. In the pixels of the plane where the change in pixel value is small, 2 bits secret data is encrypted and hidden in the lower 2 bits of the corresponding pixel. In this way, when confidential data is hidden in an image, the amount of confidential data hidden in the image is greatly increased while maintaining excellent image quality. In addition, the security of hidden confidential data is strongly maintained. When confidential data is hidden by applying the proposed technique, the amount of confidential data concealed increases by up to 92.2% compared to the existing LSB method. The proposed technique can be effectively used to hide copyright information in commercial images.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Rectangular box type structures are used in many fields of civil, mechanical and marine engineering. Especially, Most ship structures are often in contact with inner or outer fluid, like ballast, fuel and stem tanks. Fatigue damages are sometimes observed in these tanks which seem to be caused by resonance with exciting force of engine and propeller. Vibration characteristics of these thin walled tanks in contact with fluid near engine and propeller are strongly affected by added mass of containing fluid. Therefore it is essentially important to estimate the added mass effect to predict vibration of the tanks. Many authors have studied vibration of rectangular tanks containing fluid. Few research on dynamic interaction among tank walls filled with fluid are reported in the vibration of rectangular tanks recently. In case of rectangular tanks, structural coupling between adjacent panels and effect of vibration modes of multiple panels on added mass of water have to be considered. In the previous report, a numerical analysis is performed for the coupling effect between panels of a tank on added mass of containing fluid, the effect of structural constraint between panels on each vibration mode for fluid region, and mode characteristics in accordance with changing breadth of the plates by using finite element method for plates and boundary element method for fluid region. In this paper, the coupling effect between panels of a tank on added mass of containing fluid, the effect of structural constraint between panels on each vibration mode for fluid region, and mode characteristics in accordance with changing length, thickness, and boundary condition of the plates are investigated numerically and discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.771-787
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• 1998

A Navier-Stokes code with a modified low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. turbulence model was used to study the unsteady transitional boundary layer flow due to rotor-stator interaction. The modification, proposed by Launder, to improve prediction of stagnation flows was incorporated to the low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. turbulence model by Fan-Lakshminarayana-Barnett. Numerical solution is shown to capture well the calmed laminar flow as well as the wake induced transitional strip due to rotor-stator interaction and shows improvement, in terms of onset of transition and its length, over previous Euler/boundary layer solution. The turbulent kinetic energy shows local maximum along the upstream rotor wake in the wake induced transitional strip and this characteristics is observed untill the end of transition. The wake induced strip also shown apparent even in the laminar sublayer as the upstream rotor wake penetrates inside the boundary layer.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2000

For the effective analysis of an engineering problem, meshless methods which require only positioning finite points without the element meshing recently have been proposed and being studied extensively. Meshless methods have difficulty in imposing essential boundary conditions directly, because non-interpolate shape functions originated from an approximation process are used. So some techniques, which are Lagrange multiplier method, modified variational principles and coupling with finite elements and so on, were introduced in order to impose essential boundary conditions. In spite of these methods, imposition of essential boundary conditions have still many problems like as non-positive definiteness, inaccuracy and negation of meshless characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new method which modifies shape function. Through numerical tests, convergence, accuracy and validity of this method are compared with the standard EFGM which uses Lagrange multiplier method or modified variational principles. According to this study, the proposed method shows the comparable accuracy and efficiency.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2008

In order to clarify the impact of anti-heat insulation pavement on the thermal structure of atmospheric boundary layer, field experiments and numerical simulations were carried out. Field experiment with various pavements were also conducted for 24 hours from 09LST 19 June 2007. And numerical experiment mainly focused on the impact of albedo variation, which is strongly associated with thermal characteristics of insulated pavement materials, on the temporal variation of planterly boundary layer. Numerical model used in this study is one dimension model with Planterly Boundary Layer developed by Oregon State University (OSUPBL). Because anti-heat insulation pavement material shows higher albedo value, not only maximum surface temperature but also maximum surface air temperature on anti-heat insulation pavement is lower than that on asphalt. The maximum value of surface temperature only reach on $49.5^{\circ}C$. As results of numerical simulations, surface sensible heat flux and the height of mixing layer are also influenced by the values of albedo. Therefore the characteristics of urban surface material and its impact on atmosphere should be clarified before the urban planning including improvement of urban heat environment and air quality.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2015

With the basic research logic stating that the systematic improvement of rural housing plot's boundary barriers should call for the integrated consideration of their on-and-around installing settings, this study tries to analyse characteristics of installing environment of boundary barriers for improvement works of them. Through literature review and then screening process, 3 influencing and appraisal factors were determined: main house-boundary barrier shortest distance as on-site factor, building coverage as inside one, and attached road width as outside one. 21 study villages were subgrouped into structurally improved(9) and not(12). Site investigation and analysis results showed that the relationship between factors has varied very much, i.e. in some cases it is positive or complementary, but in other cases, negative or crossed. Therefore this study would propose that differentiated and flexible strategies with integrated consideration of on-and-around site installing settings be applied in their improvement projects rather than village-wide unified or straight forwarded ones.