• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 2010

Five types of determination methods including the Soxhlet method as well as 3 kinds of extraction solvents, were used for the determination of accurate crude fat contents in wheat flour and 5 kinds of dry noodles. According to the results, crude fat contents were 0.09~1.37% in the wheat flour and 0.07~1.36% in the dry noodle samples. This variation resulted from the types of lipids in the wheat flour and various kinds of dry noodles. Nutrition facts labels showing crude fat contents in the 5 kinds of domestic dry noodle samples indicated levels of 0~1.5%. Lipid composition and content were determined in order to investigate these differences. The results indicated free lipid at 1.02% and bound lipids at 0.21% in the wheat flour, and free lipids at 0.95~1.01% and bound lipid at 0.21~0.25% in the wheat flour. Polar and nonpolar lipid contents were also measured in all samples. Neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in the free lipid were 58.5%, 33.6%, and 8.6% in the wheat flour, and 49.2~58.2%, 33.3~41.6%, and 8.5~9.3% in the dry noodle samples, respectively. For bound lipids, amounts were 16.7%, 33.5%, and 49.5% in the wheat flour, and 13.2~15.3%, 35.6~45.7%, and 41.6~49.4% in the dry noodle samples, respectively. Based on these results, an acid hydrolysis methods should be used to determine accurate crude fat contents in wheat flour and dry noodles.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 1999

An antibody containing a genetically engineered lipid group at the N-termunus and a hexahistidinyl tag at the C-terminus (Lpp-scF-His6) was immobilized in an oriented manner on the surface of liposome. Liposomes, consisting of antibody and phosphatidyl-choline, have been prepared and imaged by AFM. For AFM visualization, the resulting liposomes were bound on the surface of mica by two different mechanisms. The histidine tags present in the antibody molecules of the immonuliposome were anchored to the NiCl2 treated mica surface. Alternatively, the immunoliposomes were immunochemically bound on antigen-coated mica surface. Both approaches yielded liposomes which were clearly imaged without damage by AFM in ambient condition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 1994

Adriamycin is a major cancer chemotherapeutic agent against a me range of human neoplasms. However, its clinical application is limited since It has a variety of side effects, bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxity, and this toxicity appears by free radical. This study investigated the effect of Ampelopsis radix on the toxicity of adriamycin. The methanol fraction reduced slightly adriamycin induced lipid peroxidation and superoxide production at the dose of 50mg /kg. 1.p., respectively. During the adriamycin administration. Protein bound-SH, nonprotein bound-SH, and glutathione-5-transferase did not change, but methanol fraction treated group were markedly increase. These results indicated that Ampelopsis radix has a major influence on the thiol group and related enzyme activity on the antioxidative effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 1983

An attempt was made to investigate free and bound lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of ginseng and its eveven kinds related crude drugs. Contents of free and bound lipids of ginseng were 1.23% and 0.47%, and those of the related crude drugs were $0.31{\sim}13.05%$ and $0.26respectively. Fourteen even-numbered and 4 odd-numbered fatty acids were identified by GLC in those lipids from ginseng, and the major fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The crude drugs are notably different from ginseng in kinds and compositions of fatty acids of free and bound lipids. Composition ratios of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in free lipids from ginseng than those of the crude drugs except 'Won-ji' Polygalae Radix.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.659-674
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• 1999

The experimental studies were carried out in order to prove the effect of BSH water extract on Renal lipid peroxide content and metabolic enzyme system experimental studies about peroxide content, transferase, enzyme activity were carried out. The result were obtained as follows : 1. In the change of lipid peroxide of renal tissue, all group was decreased, more of two weeks was decreased. 2. In the Change of BUN of renal tissue, all group was decreased. 3. In the change of LDH of urine, all group was not significant. 4. In the change of ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferasde, Xanthine oxidase, Aldehyde oxidase of urine, all group was decreased. 5. In the change of protein-bound SH, nonprotein-bound SH, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, ${\gamma}$-Glutamylcystein synthetase of renal tissue, all group was increased. From above results, BSH was had significant effects on the senile, so it is expected to clinical application on senility and geratology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2000

An experiment was carried out with 48 IVRI 2CQ rats 6-8 week old, weighing 50-100 g, to study the effect of lead exposure on antioxidant defense, lipid peroxide level, status of thiol groups and concentration of lead in the liver and kidneys at the end of the exposure and also after withdrawal of lead administration. Twenty four rats were given lead at a daily dose rate of 1 mg lead/2 ml of distilled water/kg body weight as lead acetate solution intraperitoneally for a period of 30 days. Another 24 control rats received 2 ml of sterile normal saline solution (0.85% NaCl)/kg body weight in an identical manner. A many-fold increase in concentration of lead was associated with a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver (27%) and kidneys (12%) and catalase in kidneys (22%). A significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxide level was recorded in the liver (40%) compared with control values. There were significant (p<0.05) decreases in the total thiol and protein bound thiol contents in liver and an increase in non-protein bound thiol groups in the kidneys of lead exposed rats. During the 10 day observation period after withdrawal of lead administration, no significant change was observed with respect to any of the above parameters indicating that a 10 day withdrawal period was not enough for restoration of normality. It is concluded that the magnitude of response and the resultant changes in the lipid peroxide concentration, and the activities of SOD and catalase were not identical in the liver and kidneys of lead-exposed rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 1986

The lipid compositions of corns produced in Korea were analyzed. Free and bound lipids of the corn kernels were fractionated, quantitated and compared by silicic acid column, thin layer and gas liquid chromatography. Corn kernels contained 5.02% total lipids, which is consisted of 4.09% free lipids and 0.93% bound lipids. Free lipids comprised of 89.61% neutral lipids, 3.75% glycolipids and 6.40% phospholipids, while bound lipids contained 14.26% neutral lipids, 46.06% glycolipids and 37.18% phospholipids. In the neutral lipids of free lipids, triglycerides were predominant (67.68%) and minor components such as esterified sterols, free sterols, free fatty acids, 1,3-diglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides were present. But in the neutral lipids of bound lipids, esterified sterols were not present and the contents of triglycerides were lower (47.68%) and free fatty acids were higher than those of free lipids. Among the phospholipids in free and bound lipids, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serines and phosphatidyl inositols were also present as minor components. The major fatty acids in the three lipid classes were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.519-528
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in lipid components of red pepper under various processing conditions such as drying, exposing to lights, extraction and storage conditions. The material used in this study were Chungyang cultivars which contained the largest amount of capsaicinoids and Dabok cultivars which is most popular among the various cultivars produced in Korea. Total lipid content of Chungyang was 15.7% and those of Dabok, Udeungsang and Hongilpum were about 17%. The neutral lipid content in free lipid of red pepper was $78.5{\sim}80.3%$ Phospholipid and glycolipid content in bound lipid were $53.8{\sim}56.9%$ and $35.3{\sim}38.7%$ respectively. The major fatty acids of lipid were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. Linoleic acid was presented mainly in pericarp, seed and placenta, whereas the most of palmitic acid was presented in stem. Lipid content of cut and whole red pepper were decreased $24.7{\sim}28%$ and $18.1{\sim}21.5%$ by drying for 48hrs at $65^{\circ}C$ and $95^{\circ}C$. And lipid content was also decreased $3.5{\sim}3.6%$ when the red pepper powder was exposed to 15,000 lux of incandescent light for 30 days at $40^{\circ}C$ and $4{\sim}4.9%$ to fluorescent light. The lipid was extracted the highest content of $50.5{\sim}51.7%$ by acid solution(pH2) and the lowest content by neutral solution, and the higher the salt concentration, the greater the lipid was extracted. During storage at $4^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$, for 30 days the lipid content was not much changed but linoleic acid content was decreased during storage at the same conditions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 1982

Lipids and fatty acid composition of free and bound lipids isolated from four barley varieties were studied. The average content of purified free and bound lipids were 1.57% and 0.48%, respectively. The average contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in the free and bound lipids contain 81.1% and 16.4%, 11.4%, and 6.8%, 6.7% and 75.5%, respectively. Among the neutral lipids in both free and bound lipids, triglycerides were the predominant with free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, free sterol esters being present as minor components. Linoleic, oleic, palmitic and linolenic acid were the principal fatty acids in both free and bound lipids. And fatty acid composition of lipid classes in free and bound lipids were determined.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1996

Yeast cytochrome c (cyt c) was modified at cysteine-102 with a thiol-specific spin label and its interaction with liposomes containing acidic phospholipids was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Association of cyt c with liposomes resulted in a significant reduction in the mobility of the spin label and a fraction of cyt c even seemed to be immobilized. Based on a large spectral change upon binding and the proximity of the spin-label to lysine-86 and -87, we propose these two residues to be the potential binding site at neutral pH. The interaction is electrostatic in nature because the spectral changes were reversed by addition of anions. Dissociation of the bound cyt c by anions, however, became less effective as the lipid/protein ratio increased. This suggests a repulsive lateral interaction among the bound cyt c. Unlabeled cyt c molecules added to preformed cyt c-liposome complex displaced the bound (spin labeled) cyt c and the process was competitive and reversible.