• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb commonly found in moist places on the banks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic 'Rasayana' drug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studied for DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity along with lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity inhibition using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay. HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations $(200-1000\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against 1,1 diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%), hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt to be very effective antioxidant. It was suggested that the varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in the part due to the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.237-239
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• 2004

Mallotus nepalensis (Euphorbiaceae) is a small tree found in central and eastern Himalayas, Nepal, Wallich and Sikkim. The 90% ethanolic extract of Mallotus nepalensis exhibited mild CNS depressant activity. Four compounds, lupeol (1), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (2), ursolic acid (3) and ${\beta}-sitosterol-\;{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (4) were isolated from the 90% ethanolic extract of this plant of which 1, 3 and 4 are being reported for the first time from this species.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2010

Chinese crude drug 'JeonHo (前胡)' has been used mainly cough and dyspnea in respiratory infections. To clarify the botanical origin of 'JeonHo' in Korean market, the anatomical characterization of Anthriscus sylvestris, Angelica decursiva and Peucedanum praeruptorum were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'JeonHo' in Korean market was the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2013

"SaCheolNaMu" has been used as a Korean folk medicine for the jaundice, lumbago and uterine diseases. Although a crude drug related to this folk medicine is sold in traditional herbal market, the botanical origin of this drug has not been pharmacognostically confirmed yet. In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the stem of Euonymus species growing in Korea, i.e. Euonymus japonica and E. fortunei var. radicans were studied to clarify the botanical origin of "SaCheolNaMu". As a result, it was found that these two species could be discriminated by the morphological criteria such as the thickness of cuticles, the number of collenchyma cell layers, and the frequency of druse and resinous substance. According to these criteria, it was elucidated that the commercial folk medicine "SaCheolNaMu" was the stem of E. japonica. Meanwhile, HPLC-DAD analysis on the 70% ethanolic extracts of two species showed significantly different HPLC profiles each other. The molecular ions of three characteristic peaks shown in the chromatogram of two species were identified by ESI-MS, and their structures were estimated to be flavonol glycosides.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2013

A Korean folk medicine, "SinKyungCho" has been used to cure common cold and rheumatis. While this crude drug has similar morphological feature to that of Rubia species, the botanical origin has never been studied pharmacognostically. Therefore, in order to clarify the botanical origin of "SinKyungCho", the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rubia species growing in Korea, i.e. R. akane, R. chinensis var. glabrescens, R. cordifolia var. pratensis, R. cordifolia var. sylvatica were studied. Especially, differing from the other three species, R. cordifolia var. pratensis has 2-4 cork cell layers under the endodermal cell layer. R. cordifolia var. sylvatica showed the largest number of parenchyma cell layers in cortex by 8-17. While the average ratio of stele to root transverse section is over 45% for R. akane and R. cordifolia var. pratensis, the ratio is under 45% for R. chinensis var. glabrescens and R. cordifolia var. sylvatica. According to these morphological criteria, the folk medicine "SinKyungCho" from Korean traditional market was proved to be the underground part of R. akane.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2000

'Ha Go Cho (夏枯草)' is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a diuretic. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Ha Go Cho', it was reported by Su et al. that those from China were originated from the fruited spica of Prunella vulgaris L. of Labiatae. It was, however, for the herba or spica of Prunella vulgaris L. var. lilacina Nakai from Korea. According to survey of markets in Korea, most of the materials collected in the markets seemed to be originated from Prunella plant, while some seemed to be Thesium plant of Santalaceae. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Ha Go Cho', the anatomical characteristics of Prunella vulgaris L. var. lilacina Nakai and Thesium chinense Turcz. were studied. As a result, it was clarified that some 'Ha Go Cho' from Korea were the herba or spica of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, whereas some others were the herba of Thesium chinense.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

Berberis is an important medicinal plant, of the family Berberidaceae. Different Berberis species and their parts are very common in herbal drug markets of India and world over as an adulterant/substitute to 'Daruharidra' i.e. B. aristata DC. Antimicrobial activity of 50% hydroalcoholic extracts of stem of four Berberis species viz. B. aristata DC., B. asiatica Roxb. ex DC., B. chitria Lindl. and B. lycium Royle and the isolated alkaloid berberine were tested against eleven bacterial and eight fungal strains. The extracts with the strongest antibacterial activity was obtained from B. lycium followed by B. aristata, B. asiatica and B. chitria. Based on these results it is possible to conclude that the hydroalcoholic extract and alkaloid (berberine) has stronger and broader spectrum against bacterial strains as compared to fungal strains. The result obtained in the present study authenticates and support the use of these plants in folklore medicine for treatment of various infectious diseases caused by the bacterial pathogens. However, an attempt has been made to explore the possibilities of utilizing stem part rather than roots of these species with the aim to conserve this species which is over exploited due to diverse use of its root. These findings will stimulate the search for novel, natural products as new antibacterial/antifungal agents which may be useful to pharmaceutical industries.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2004

The Korean folk medicine 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' has been used as a remedy for neuralgia and as an invigorating drug after a childbirth, etc in Korea. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', several species of Potentilla (Rosaceae) has been refired, but no pharmacognostical study has yet been performed in this regard. To clarify the botanical origin of the 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaflets and petioles of Potentilla and Sibbaldia species growing in Korea, such as P. chinensis, P. cryptotaeniae, P. dickinsii, P. discolor, P. fragarioides var. major, P. freyniana, P. kleiniana, P. matsumurae, P. paradoxa, and S. procumbens, were compared. As a result, it was found that 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' was composed of the leaves of P. Chinensis and P. discolor.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2010

The crude drug 'CheonKun' is derived from the underground portions of Rubia species. However, the aerial parts of the plants are also sold under the 'GgogDuSeoNiIp' in Korea. To clarify the botanical origin of 'GgogDuSeoNiIp' the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Rubia species growing in Korea, i.e. Rubia akane, R. chinensis var. glabrescens, R. cordifolia var. pratensis were compared. As a result, it was determined that 'GgogDuSeoNiIp' was the leaf of Rubia akane and R. cordifolia var. pratensis.