• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.11
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• pp.23-27
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigated the feasibility of using a fused borate rod for the remedial treatment, using pine specimens decayed by Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The borate rod appears to be a useful remedial product for eliminating as well as preventing decay. However, the easiness of retention gradient of boron according to the distance from a rod treatment site, is required for more effective treatment. The effect of the extension of diffusion period and rod size on retention gradient of boron should be fully investigated for successful remedial treatments using borate rod.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

This research was performed to investigate the diffusivity of borate rods in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) conditioned to 40 percent moisture content (MC). The deepest penetration of boron were observed in the longitudinal direction, followed by the radial and the tangential directions. The boron loading on the wood face adjacent to the borate rod tended to increase with diffusion time in all directions. To mathematically quantify boron diffusion, the diffusion coefficient of boron was determined using Boltzmann's transformation by assuming that it was a function of concentration only. The values of the longitudinal diffusion coefficients were between 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.2×10^-8 cm²/sec. The radial diffusion coefficients were between 1.4×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.5×10^-8 cm²/sec, and the tangential diffusion coefficients were between 5.2×10^-9 cm²/sec and 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec. The differences of diffusion coefficients between the longitudinal direction and the radial direction were slight, although their concentration profiles were markedly different. This indicates that the amount of boron loading on the wood face adjacent the borate rod is one of the most important factor for boron penetration in wood with low MC.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 1998

The effects of moisture content (MC) and diffusion period on the diffusion of boron from borate rod through Pinus densiflora and P. koraiensis were investigated as a preliminary research of integrated remedial treatment for heritage wooden structures using borate rod. After equilibrating MCs of samples (15, 25, and 40%), borate rod (1,000 mg) was inserted into the sample, and stored for diffusion of boron at room temperatures ($23^{\circ}C$) for 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Wafers were serially cut at constant intervals from rod treatment point and the boron penetration through longitudinal and transverse direction was measured by staining with boron indicator. For boron diffusion, MC above fiber saturation point was needed, and the diffusion rates increased with time. The fastest rates of diffusion were observed in longitudinal direction, followed by the radial and then the tangential direction. The rates of diffusion in all directions were the fastest in P. koraiensis. In P. densiflora, the diffusion rates through heartwood was faster than that in sapwood in longitudinal direction and vice versa in transverse direction. Based on the best result of this study, optimal space between rod insertion points could be recommended as follows; approximately 120 mm for P. koraiensis and heartwood of P. densiflora, 60 mm for sapwood of P. densiflora in longitudinal direction, and approximately 30 mm for all species tested in transverse direction. However, the effect of rod size and long-term exposure for diffusion on boron movement should be fully investigated for the accurate evaluation of optimal space between rod holes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 1992

Silver sols are aggregated by a Cu or Zn rod. This is maybe due to the reduction of $Ag^+$ ion on the surfaces of silver sols to Ag metal by oxidation-reduction reaction with Cu or Zn metal. Raman spectra of silver sols aggregated by a Cu rod have been studied. The evidence of borate and nitrate ions adsorbed on silver colloid surfaces is found. It is also found that these ions adsorbed on silver colloid surfaces are easily replaced by adsorbated added.